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• Rev. Bras. Zool. 14 (3) • Set 1997 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751997000300019   copiar

Comportamentos e atividade diária de Sciurus ingrami (Thomas) em cativeiro (Rodentia, Sciuridae)

Behaviour and diary activity of Sciurus ingrami (Thomas) in captivity (Rodentia, Sciuridae)

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

From October 1994 to November 1995 the behaviour, postures and diurnal activity of tive captive squirrels Sciurus ingrami were observed and registered. Four basics postures, five grooming behaviours, displacements and face wiping behaviour were identified. Based on behavioural observations, the diurnal activity was divided into four categories: resting, displacement, teeding and maintenance. The time spent in each category varied seasonally and the squirrels spent more time resting during winter and spring. However, more time was spent feeding during autum and summer and was reduced the displacement in autum. Two types of breeding behaviour were identified: sexual trailing and mating chase of females by males. However copulatori behaviour was not recorded during the studied period. We also verified that S. ingrami presents thermorregulation behaviour during winter, remaining resting in the nest to conserve energy in heath maintenance. During the hottest seasons, the squirrels remain resting out of the nest, placed on the branchs to decrease their body heat to normal temperature, The behaviours observed in this study were similar to those described in the literature, as well as the mating behaviour, which was very similar to S. carolinensis.

Sciurus ingrami; sciurids; behaviour; serelepe

Sciurus ingrami; sciurids; behaviour; serelepe

Comportamentos e atividade diária de Sciurus ingrami (Thomas) em cativeiro (Rodentia, Sciuridae)1 1 Contribuição número 1005 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Behaviour and diary activity of Sciurus ingrami (Thomas) in captivity (Rodentia, Sciuridae)

Marcelo Bordignon; Emygdio L.A. Monteiro Filho

Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Bolsista do CNPq. E-mail: bordigno@bio.ufpr.br E-mail: elamf@bio.ufpr.br

ABSTRACT

From October 1994 to November 1995 the behaviour, postures and diurnal activity of tive captive squirrels Sciurus ingrami were observed and registered. Four basics postures, five grooming behaviours, displacements and face wiping behaviour were identified. Based on behavioural observations, the diurnal activity was divided into four categories: resting, displacement, teeding and maintenance. The time spent in each category varied seasonally and the squirrels spent more time resting during winter and spring. However, more time was spent feeding during autum and summer and was reduced the displacement in autum. Two types of breeding behaviour were identified: sexual trailing and mating chase of females by males. However copulatori behaviour was not recorded during the studied period. We also verified that S. ingrami presents thermorregulation behaviour during winter, remaining resting in the nest to conserve energy in heath maintenance. During the hottest seasons, the squirrels remain resting out of the nest, placed on the branchs to decrease their body heat to normal temperature, The behaviours observed in this study were similar to those described in the literature, as well as the mating behaviour, which was very similar to S. carolinensis.

Key words:Sciurus ingrami, sciurids, behaviour, serelepe

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Ao CNPq pela bolsa de mestrado entre os anos de 1994 e 1996, ao Curso de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná; à Tereza Cristina Castellano Margarido e Rogério Ribas Lange (Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba) pelo apoio, à Fundação '"O Boticário de Proteção à Natureza" e à Diretoria do Parque Recreativo Primavera.

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

Altmann, J. 1974. Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods Behavior 49:227-265.

Bakken, A. 1959. Behaviour of gray squirrels. Proc. Ann. Conf. S.E. Assoc. Game & Fish Comm. 13:393-406.

Benson, B.N. 1980. Dominance relationships, mating behaviour and scent marking in fox squirrels (Sciurus niger). Mammalia 44:143-160.

Bordignon, M.; T.C.C. Margarido & R.R. Lange. (no prelo). Formas de abertura dos frutos de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman efetuadas por Sciurus ingrami Thomas, 1901 (Rodentia, Sciuridae). Revta bras. Zool.

Emmons, L.H. 1990. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals: a Field Guide. Chicago USA, The University of Chicago Press, 290p.

Fajardo Patiño, A. & V. de la Ossa. 1989. Apuntes etoecologicos sobre Sciurus granatensis gerrardi (Rodentia: Sciuridae) en los Montes de Maria y Serrania de Coraza (Sucre, Colombia). Trianea, Act. Cient. Tecn., Iderena, 3:173-182.

Farentinos, R.C. 1972. Social dominance and mating activity in the tassel-eared squirrel (Sciurus aberti ferreus). Anim. Behav. 20 (2):316-326.

Fischer, R.A. & N.R. Holler. 1991. Habitat use and relative abundance of gray squirrels in Southern Alabama. Jour. Wildl. Manage. 1991. 55 (1):52-58.

Galetti, M.; M. Paschoal & F. Pedroni. 1992. Predation on palm nuts (Syagrus romanzoffiana) by squirrels (Sciurus ingrami) in south-east Brazil. Jour Trop. Ecol. 8:121-123.

Gurnell, J. 1987. The natural history of squirrels. London, Christopher Helm Ltd., 201p.

Holm, J. 1994. Squirrels. London, Whittet Books, 127p.

Horwich, R.H. 1972. The ontogeny of social behavior in the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Adv. in Ethol. 8:1-103.

Koprowski, J.L. 1992. Removal of copulatory plugs by female tree squirrels. Jour. Mamm. 73 (3):572-576.

______. 1993. Behavioral tactics, dominance, and copulatory succes among male fox squirrels. Ethol. Ecol. & Evol. 5:169-176.

Laidler, K. 1980. Squirrels in Britain. London, Newton Abot Ed., 232p.

Larson, E.A. 1986. Merriam's chipmunk on Palo Escrito in the Santa Lucia Mountains of California. Part II. The individual in relation to its enviroment with recorded episodes of naturalistic behavior. Big Pine, California, Waucoba Press, 361p.

Layne, J.N. 1954. The biology of the red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus loquax (Bangs), in central New York. Ecol. Mono. 24:221-261.

Lehner, P.N. 1979. Handbook of Ethological Methods. New York, Garland STPM Press, 430p.

McCloskei, RJ. & K.C. Shaw. 1977. Copulatory behavior of the fox squirrel. Jour. Mamm. 58:663-665.

Muchlinski, A.E. & K.A. Shump. 1979. The Sciurid tail: a possible thermoregulatory mechanism. Jour. Mamm. 60 (3):652-654.

Pasitschniak-Arts, M. & J.F. Bendell. 1990. Behavioural differences between locally recruiting and dispersing gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis. Can. Jour. Zool. 68:935-941.

Riege, D.A. 1991. Habitat specialization and social factors in distribution of red and gray squirrels. Jour. Mamm. 72:152-162.

Sokal, R.R. & F.J. Rohlf. 1969. Biometria, Princípios y métodos estadísticos en la investigación biológica. Madri, H. Brume Ed., 832p.

Taylor, J.C. 1977. The frequency of grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) communication by use of scent marking points. Jour. Zool., London, 183:543-545.

Thompson, D.C. 1977a.Reproductive behavior of the grey squirrel. Can. Jour. Zool. 55:1176-1184.

______. 1977b. Diurnal and seasonal activity of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Can. Jour. Zool. 55:1185-1189.

Tinbergen, N. 1966. Animal Behavior. London, Time Inc. Ed., 179p.

Viljoen, S. 1985. Comparative thermoregulatory adaptations of Southern African tree squirrels from four different habitats. S. African Jour. Zool. 20:28-32.

Wauters, L. & A.A. Dhont. 1989. Body weight, longevity and reproductive success in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). Jour. Anim. Ecol. 58:637-651.

Webley, G. E. & E. Jonhson, E. 1983. Reproductive physiology of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Mamm. Rev. 13:149-154.

Wood, D. A. 1976. Squirrel collars. Jour. Zool., London, 180:513-516.

Zar, J.H. 1984. Bioestatistical Analysis. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall International Inc.,2nd ed., 718p.

Recebido em 16.I.1997; aceito em 10.IX.1997.

  • Altmann, J. 1974. Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods Behavior 49:227-265.
  • Bakken, A. 1959. Behaviour of gray squirrels. Proc. Ann. Conf. S.E. Assoc. Game & Fish Comm. 13:393-406.
  • Benson, B.N. 1980. Dominance relationships, mating behaviour and scent marking in fox squirrels (Sciurus niger). Mammalia 44:143-160.
  • Bordignon, M.; T.C.C. Margarido & R.R. Lange. (no prelo). Formas de abertura dos frutos de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman efetuadas por Sciurus ingrami Thomas, 1901 (Rodentia, Sciuridae). Revta bras. Zool.
  • Emmons, L.H. 1990. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals: a Field Guide. Chicago USA, The University of Chicago Press, 290p.
  • Fajardo Patiño, A. & V. de la Ossa. 1989. Apuntes etoecologicos sobre Sciurus granatensis gerrardi (Rodentia: Sciuridae) en los Montes de Maria y Serrania de Coraza (Sucre, Colombia). Trianea, Act. Cient. Tecn., Iderena, 3:173-182.
  • Farentinos, R.C. 1972. Social dominance and mating activity in the tassel-eared squirrel (Sciurus aberti ferreus). Anim. Behav. 20 (2):316-326.
  • Fischer, R.A. & N.R. Holler. 1991. Habitat use and relative abundance of gray squirrels in Southern Alabama. Jour. Wildl. Manage. 1991. 55 (1):52-58.
  • Galetti, M.; M. Paschoal & F. Pedroni. 1992. Predation on palm nuts (Syagrus romanzoffiana) by squirrels (Sciurus ingrami) in south-east Brazil. Jour Trop. Ecol. 8:121-123.
  • Gurnell, J. 1987. The natural history of squirrels. London, Christopher Helm Ltd., 201p.
  • Holm, J. 1994. Squirrels. London, Whittet Books, 127p.
  • Horwich, R.H. 1972. The ontogeny of social behavior in the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Adv. in Ethol. 8:1-103.
  • Koprowski, J.L. 1992. Removal of copulatory plugs by female tree squirrels. Jour. Mamm. 73 (3):572-576.
  • ______. 1993. Behavioral tactics, dominance, and copulatory succes among male fox squirrels. Ethol. Ecol. & Evol. 5:169-176.
  • Laidler, K. 1980. Squirrels in Britain. London, Newton Abot Ed., 232p.
  • Larson, E.A. 1986. Merriam's chipmunk on Palo Escrito in the Santa Lucia Mountains of California. Part II. The individual in relation to its enviroment with recorded episodes of naturalistic behavior. Big Pine, California, Waucoba Press, 361p.
  • Layne, J.N. 1954. The biology of the red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus loquax (Bangs), in central New York. Ecol. Mono. 24:221-261.
  • Lehner, P.N. 1979. Handbook of Ethological Methods. New York, Garland STPM Press, 430p.
  • McCloskei, RJ. & K.C. Shaw. 1977. Copulatory behavior of the fox squirrel. Jour. Mamm. 58:663-665.
  • Muchlinski, A.E. & K.A. Shump. 1979. The Sciurid tail: a possible thermoregulatory mechanism. Jour. Mamm. 60 (3):652-654.
  • Pasitschniak-Arts, M. & J.F. Bendell. 1990. Behavioural differences between locally recruiting and dispersing gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis. Can. Jour. Zool. 68:935-941.
  • Riege, D.A. 1991. Habitat specialization and social factors in distribution of red and gray squirrels. Jour. Mamm. 72:152-162.
  • Sokal, R.R. & F.J. Rohlf. 1969. Biometria, Princípios y métodos estadísticos en la investigación biológica. Madri, H. Brume Ed., 832p.
  • Taylor, J.C. 1977. The frequency of grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) communication by use of scent marking points. Jour. Zool., London, 183:543-545.
  • Thompson, D.C. 1977a.Reproductive behavior of the grey squirrel. Can. Jour. Zool. 55:1176-1184.
  • ______. 1977b. Diurnal and seasonal activity of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Can. Jour. Zool. 55:1185-1189.
  • Tinbergen, N. 1966. Animal Behavior. London, Time Inc. Ed., 179p.
  • 28
    Viljoen, S. 1985. Comparative thermoregulatory adaptations of Southern African tree squirrels from four different habitats. S. African Jour. Zool. 20:28-32.
  • Wauters, L. & A.A. Dhont. 1989. Body weight, longevity and reproductive success in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). Jour. Anim. Ecol. 58:637-651.
  • Webley, G. E. & E. Jonhson, E. 1983. Reproductive physiology of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Mamm. Rev. 13:149-154.
  • Wood, D. A. 1976. Squirrel collars. Jour. Zool., London, 180:513-516.
  • Zar, J.H. 1984. Bioestatistical Analysis. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall International Inc.,2nd ed., 718p.
  • 1
    Contribuição número 1005 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

    • Datas de Publicação

    • Publicação nesta coleção
      10 Jul 2009
    • Data do Fascículo
      Set 1997

    Histórico

    • Aceito
      10 Set 1997
    • Recebido
      16 Jan 1997
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