Copepods of the genus Oithona from Cananéia region (Lat. 25º07'S, Long. 47º56' W)

Fonseca, Vera Lúcia; Prado, Maria Scintila de Almeida

doi:10.1590/S0373-55241979000200001

Abstracts

Some ecological aspects of two congeneric species of Cyclopoid copepods, Oithona ovalis and O. oligohalina have been studied for the first time in the estuarine region of Cananeia. The spatial distribution and seasonal variation of both species of Oithona are studied in relation to salinity, temperature and dissolved, oxygen. The results obtained are compared to previous work done in the area and to similar studies undertaken elsewhere.

Alguns aspectos ecologicos de duas espécies congenéricas de copépodos ciclopoides, Oithona ovalis e O. oligohalina são estudados pela primeira vez na região estuarina de Cananéia. A distribuição espacial e variaçao sazonal destas especies sao estudadas em relaçao â salinidade, temperatura e oxigénio dissolvido. Os resultados obtidos sao comparados com trabalhos preliminares feitos nesta área e estudos similares em outras regiões. As principais conclusões obtidas são as seguintes: 1 - O. ovalis ocorre em uma faixa de salinidade de 12,67‰ a 27,16‰ e O. oligahalina em 3,45 a 16,48‰. 2 - A presença de duas espécies congenericas estreitamente relacionadas cuja distribuição se recobre parcialmente em uma estreita faixa de salinidade sugere que o género Oithona sofreu especiação dentro do estuário. 3 - A salinidade tem um papel importante na ocorrência e distribuição destas espécies desde que a temperatura nunca alcançou valores limitantes para estas espécies.

ARTIGOS

Copepods of the genus Oithona from Cananéia region (Lat. 25º07'S, Long. 47º56' W)

Vera Lúcia Fonseca; Maria Scintila de Almeida Prado

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo

SYNOPSIS

Some ecological aspects of two congeneric species of Cyclopoid copepods, Oithona ovalis and O. oligohalina have been studied for the first time in the estuarine region of Cananeia. The spatial distribution and seasonal variation of both species of Oithona are studied in relation to salinity, temperature and dissolved, oxygen. The results obtained are compared to previous work done in the area and to similar studies undertaken elsewhere.

RESUMO

Alguns aspectos ecologicos de duas espécies congenéricas de copépodos ciclopoides, Oithona ovalis e O. oligohalina são estudados pela primeira vez na região estuarina de Cananéia. A distribuição espacial e variaçao sazonal destas especies sao estudadas em relaçao â salinidade, temperatura e oxigénio dissolvido. Os resultados obtidos sao comparados com trabalhos preliminares feitos nesta área e estudos similares em outras regiões. As principais conclusões obtidas são as seguintes:

1 - O. ovalis ocorre em uma faixa de salinidade de 12,67 a 27,16 e O. oligahalina em 3,45 a 16,48.

2 - A presença de duas espécies congenericas estreitamente relacionadas cuja distribuição se recobre parcialmente em uma estreita faixa de salinidade sugere que o género Oithona sofreu especiação dentro do estuário.

3 - A salinidade tem um papel importante na ocorrência e distribuição destas espécies desde que a temperatura nunca alcançou valores limitantes para estas espécies.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to express our thanks to Dra. Tagea K. S. Björnberg for her critical reading of the manuscript and valuable remarks.

Bibliography

BARNES, H. 1953. The effect of lowered salinity on some barnacle nauplii. J. Anim. Ecol., 22:328-330.

BATTAGLIA, B. & BRYAN, G. W. 1964. Some aspects of ionic and osmotic regulation in Tisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) in relation to polymorphism and geographical distribution. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 44:1-15.

BAYLY, I. A. E. 1965. Ecological studies on the planktonic Copepoda of the Brisbane River estuary with special reference to Gladío ferens pectinatus (Brady) (Calanoida). Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 16(3):315-350.

BJÖRNBERG, T. K. S. 1963. On the marine free-living copepods off Brazil. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 13(1):1-142.

______. 1972. Developmental stages of some tropical and subtropical planktonic marine copepods. Stud. Fauna Curaçao, 40:1-185.

CAMPBELL, M. H. 1934. The life history and postembryonic development of the copepods, Calanus tonsus and Euchaeta japonica. J. biol. Bd Can., 1:1-65.

CRONIN, L. E.; DAIBER, J. C. & HULBERT, E. M. 1962. Quantitative seasonal aspects of zooplankton in the Delaware River estuary. Chesapeake Sci., 3:63-93.

ESTERLY, C. O. 1928. The periodic occurrence of Copepoda in the marine plankton of two successive years at La Jolla, California. Bull. Scripps Instn Oceanogr. tech. Ser., 1(14):247:345.

FABER, D. J. 1966. Seasonal occurrence and abundance of freeswimming copepod nauplii in Narragansett Bay. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 23(3): 415-422.

FANTA, E. S. 1976. Anatomy of the nauplii of Oithona ovalis Herbst (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Bolm Zool., Univ. S Paulo, 1:205-238.

FONSECA, V.L. 1976. Copépodos do gênero Oithona da região de Cananeia (Lat. 25º07'S; Long. 47º56'W) . Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, 68p.

______ & BJÖRNBERG, T. K. S. 1976, Oithona oligohalina sp. n. de Cananéia (Est. de São Paulo) e considerações sobre O. ovalis Herbst (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Anais Acad. bras. Ciênc., 47:127-131.

FRAGA, F. 1972. El agua marina. In: Castellví, J. et al.. - Ecologia marina. Caracas, Editorial Dossat, p.67-99.

FRASER, J.H. ed. 1968. Standardization of Zooplankton sampling methods at sea. Larger mesozooplankton. Report of ICES/SCOR/UNESCO, Working Party nº 3. Monogr. oceanogr. Methodology, (2):160-163.

FROLANDER, H. F.; MILLER, C. B .; FLYNN, M. J.; MYERS, S.C. & ZIMMERMANN, S. T. 1973. Seasonal cycles of abundance in zooplankton populations of Yaquina Bay, Oregon. Mar. Biol., 21(4):277-288.

GONZALEZ, J. G. & BOWMAN, T.E. 1965. Planktonic copepods from Bahia Fosforescente, Puerto Rico, and adjacent waters. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus., 117(3513):241-304.

GRICE, G. D. 1956. A qualitative and quantitative seasonal study of the Copepoda of Alligator Harbor. Contr. oceanogr. Inst. Fla St. Univ., (68):37-76.

______. 1960. Copepods of the genus Oithona from the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb., 10(4):485-490.

GUNDERSEN, K. R. 1953. Zooplankton investigations in some fjords in Western Norway during 1950-1951. FiskDir. Skr., Ser. Havunders., 10(6):1-54.

GUNTER, G. 1956. Some relations of faunal distributions to salinity in estuarine waters. Ecology, 37:616-619.

HERBST, H.V. 1955. Cyclopoida Gnathostoma (Crustacea, Copepoda) der Brasilianischen Atlantikküste. Kieler Meeresforsch., 11(2):214-229.

HIROTA, R. 1962. Species composition and seasonal changes of copepod fauna in the vicinity of Mukaishima. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 18(1):35-40.

HODGKIN, E. P. & RIPPINGALE, R. J. 1971. Interspecies conflict in estuarine copepods, Limnol. Oceanogr., 16(3):573-576.

HOOPER, A. F. 1960. The resistance of marine Zooplankton of the Caribbean and South Atlantic to changes in salinity. Limnol. Oceanogr., 5:43-47.

JEFFRIES, H. P. 1962a. Salinity-space distribution of the estuarine copepod genus Eurytemora. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 47:291-300.

______. 1962b. Succession of two Acartia species in estuaries. Limnol. Oceanogr., 7:354-364.

______. 1967. Saturation of estuarine Zooplankton by congeneric associates. In: Lauff, G.H., ed. Estuaries. Washington, Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., p.500-508.

KATO, K. 1966. Geochemical studies on the mangrove region of Cananeia, Brazil. I. Tidal variations of water properties. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 15(1):13-20.

KILBY, J. D. 1955. The fishes of two gulf coastal marsh areas of Florida. Tulane Stud. Zool., 2(8):175-247.

KINNE, O. 1967. Physiology of estuarine organisms with special reference to salinity and temperature: general aspects. In: Lauff, G.H., ed. Estuaries. Washington, Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., p.525-540.

______. 1971. Marine ecology: a comprehensive, integrated treatise on life in oceans and coastal waters. London, Wiley-Interscience, vol.1, part2.

KUTNER, M.B.B. 1972. Variação estacional e distribuição do fitoplâncton na região de Cananeia. Tese de doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, 104p.

LANCE, J. 1962. Effects of water of reduced salinity on the vertical migration of Zooplankton. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 42:131-154.

______. 1963. The salinity tolerances of some estuarine planktonic copepods. Limnol. Oceanogr., 8:440-449.

______. 1964. The salinity tolerances of some estuarine planktonic crustaceans. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole, 127(1):108-118.

LIE, U. 1967. The natural history of the Hardangerfjord. 8. Quantity and composition of the zooplankton, September 1955 - September 1956. Sarsia, 30:49-64.

MARSHALL, S. M.; NICHOLLS, A. G. & ORR, A. P. 1935. On the biology of Calanus finmarchicus. VI. Oxygen consumption in relation to environmental conditions. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 20(1):1-28.

MEDNIKOV, B. M. 1962. On the sex-ratio in deep sea Calanoida. Crustaceana, 3:105-109.

MOREIRA, G. S. & YAMASHITA, C. 1973. Experimental studies on physiological and behavioural response mechanisms of the planktonic copepod Euterpina acutifrons (Dana) to variuos salinities. Bolm Zool. Biol, mar., n.s., (30):233-244.

PRADO, M. S. de A. 1972. Mysidacea (Crustacea) da região lagunar de Cananêia. Tese de doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociencias, 86p + 68 figs.

RANADE,M. R. 1957. Observations on the resistance of Tigriopus fulvus (Fisher) to changes in temperature and salinity. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 36:115-119.

RAYMONT, J. E. G. & MILLER, R. S. 1962. Production of marine zooplankton with fertilization in an enclosed body of sea water. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 47(2):69-209.

RILEY, G. A. 1967. The plankton of estuaries. In: Lauff, G. H., ed. Estuaries. Washington, Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., p.316-326.

SANTOS, J. J. 1970. Plâncton da Baía de Todos os Santos, com especial referência aos copépodos. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, 49p.

SHAZINA, L. I. 1971. Annual cycle of development of mass Copepoda in the Black Sea. Gidrobiol. Zh., 7(5):38-46. (em russo).

TEIXEIRA, C.; TUNDISI, J. & KUTNER, M. B. 1965. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. II. The standing-stock and some ecological factors. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 14:13-41.

______. & SANTORO YCAZA, J. 1969. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. VI. Primary production, zooplankton standing-stock and some environmental factors. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 54(2):289-301.

TUNDISI, J. 1970. O plâncton estuarino. Contrções Inst, oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, sér. Ocean, biol., (19):1-22.

______. & TUNDISI, T. M. 1968. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. V. Salinity tolerances of some planktonic crustaceans. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 17(1):57-65.

TUNDISI, T. M. 1972. Aspectos ecológicos do zooplâncton da região lagunar de Cananeia com especial referência aos Copepoda (Crustacea). Tese de doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociencias, 191p.

VAUPEL-KLEIN, J. C. von & WEBER, R. E. 1975. Distribution of Eurytemora affins (Copepoda: Calanoida) in relation to salinity: field and laboratory observations. Neth. J. Sea Res., 9(3-4):297-310.

VERNBERG, W. B. & VERNBERG, F. J. 1972. Environmental physiology of marine animals. New York, Springer-Werlag, 346p.

WOODMANSEE, R. A. 1958. The seasonal distribution of the zooplankton off Chicken Key in Biscayne Bay, Florida. Ecology, 39:247-262.

YASHNOV, V. A. 1966. Water masses and plankton. 4. Calanus finmarchimus and Dimophyes arctica as indicator of Atlantic water in the polar basin. Oceanology, 6(3):404-412.

(Recebido em 27/dezembro/1977)

BARNES, H. 1953. The effect of lowered salinity on some barnacle nauplii. J. Anim. Ecol., 22:328-330.
BATTAGLIA, B. & BRYAN, G. W. 1964. Some aspects of ionic and osmotic regulation in Tisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) in relation to polymorphism and geographical distribution. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 44:1-15.
BAYLY, I. A. E. 1965. Ecological studies on the planktonic Copepoda of the Brisbane River estuary with special reference to Gladío ferens pectinatus (Brady) (Calanoida). Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 16(3):315-350.
BJÖRNBERG, T. K. S. 1963. On the marine free-living copepods off Brazil. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 13(1):1-142.
______. 1972. Developmental stages of some tropical and subtropical planktonic marine copepods. Stud. Fauna Curaçao, 40:1-185.
CAMPBELL, M. H. 1934. The life history and postembryonic development of the copepods, Calanus tonsus and Euchaeta japonica J. biol. Bd Can., 1:1-65.
CRONIN, L. E.; DAIBER, J. C. & HULBERT, E. M. 1962. Quantitative seasonal aspects of zooplankton in the Delaware River estuary. Chesapeake Sci., 3:63-93.
ESTERLY, C. O. 1928. The periodic occurrence of Copepoda in the marine plankton of two successive years at La Jolla, California. Bull. Scripps Instn Oceanogr. tech. Ser., 1(14):247:345.
FABER, D. J. 1966. Seasonal occurrence and abundance of freeswimming copepod nauplii in Narragansett Bay. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 23(3): 415-422.
FANTA, E. S. 1976. Anatomy of the nauplii of Oithona ovalis Herbst (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Bolm Zool., Univ. S Paulo, 1:205-238.
FONSECA, V.L. 1976. Copépodos do gênero Oithona da região de Cananeia (Lat. 25ş07'S; Long. 47ş56'W) . Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, 68p.
______ & BJÖRNBERG, T. K. S. 1976, Oithona oligohalina sp. n. de Cananéia (Est. de São Paulo) e considerações sobre O. ovalis Herbst (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Anais Acad. bras. Ciênc., 47:127-131.
FRAGA, F. 1972. El agua marina. In: Castellví, J. et al. - Ecologia marina. Caracas, Editorial Dossat, p.67-99.
FROLANDER, H. F.; MILLER, C. B .; FLYNN, M. J.; MYERS, S.C. & ZIMMERMANN, S. T. 1973. Seasonal cycles of abundance in zooplankton populations of Yaquina Bay, Oregon. Mar. Biol., 21(4):277-288.
GONZALEZ, J. G. & BOWMAN, T.E. 1965. Planktonic copepods from Bahia Fosforescente, Puerto Rico, and adjacent waters. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus., 117(3513):241-304.
GRICE, G. D. 1956. A qualitative and quantitative seasonal study of the Copepoda of Alligator Harbor. Contr. oceanogr. Inst. Fla St. Univ., (68):37-76.
______. 1960. Copepods of the genus Oithona from the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb., 10(4):485-490.
GUNDERSEN, K. R. 1953. Zooplankton investigations in some fjords in Western Norway during 1950-1951. FiskDir. Skr., Ser. Havunders., 10(6):1-54.
GUNTER, G. 1956. Some relations of faunal distributions to salinity in estuarine waters. Ecology, 37:616-619.
HERBST, H.V. 1955. Cyclopoida Gnathostoma (Crustacea, Copepoda) der Brasilianischen Atlantikküste. Kieler Meeresforsch., 11(2):214-229.
HIROTA, R. 1962. Species composition and seasonal changes of copepod fauna in the vicinity of Mukaishima. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 18(1):35-40.
HODGKIN, E. P. & RIPPINGALE, R. J. 1971. Interspecies conflict in estuarine copepods, Limnol. Oceanogr., 16(3):573-576.
HOOPER, A. F. 1960. The resistance of marine Zooplankton of the Caribbean and South Atlantic to changes in salinity. Limnol. Oceanogr., 5:43-47.
JEFFRIES, H. P. 1962a. Salinity-space distribution of the estuarine copepod genus Eurytemora Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 47:291-300.
______. 1962b. Succession of two Acartia species in estuaries. Limnol. Oceanogr., 7:354-364.
______. 1967. Saturation of estuarine Zooplankton by congeneric associates. In: Lauff, G.H., ed. Estuaries. Washington, Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., p.500-508.
KATO, K. 1966. Geochemical studies on the mangrove region of Cananeia, Brazil. I. Tidal variations of water properties. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 15(1):13-20.
KILBY, J. D. 1955. The fishes of two gulf coastal marsh areas of Florida. Tulane Stud. Zool., 2(8):175-247.
KINNE, O. 1967. Physiology of estuarine organisms with special reference to salinity and temperature: general aspects. In: Lauff, G.H., ed. Estuaries. Washington, Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., p.525-540.
______. 1971. Marine ecology: a comprehensive, integrated treatise on life in oceans and coastal waters. London, Wiley-Interscience, vol.1, part2.
KUTNER, M.B.B. 1972. Variação estacional e distribuição do fitoplâncton na região de Cananeia. Tese de doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, 104p.
LANCE, J. 1962. Effects of water of reduced salinity on the vertical migration of Zooplankton. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 42:131-154.
______. 1963. The salinity tolerances of some estuarine planktonic copepods. Limnol. Oceanogr., 8:440-449.
______. 1964. The salinity tolerances of some estuarine planktonic crustaceans. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole, 127(1):108-118.
LIE, U. 1967. The natural history of the Hardangerfjord. 8. Quantity and composition of the zooplankton, September 1955 - September 1956. Sarsia, 30:49-64.
MARSHALL, S. M.; NICHOLLS, A. G. & ORR, A. P. 1935. On the biology of Calanus finmarchicus VI. Oxygen consumption in relation to environmental conditions. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 20(1):1-28.
MEDNIKOV, B. M. 1962. On the sex-ratio in deep sea Calanoida. Crustaceana, 3:105-109.
MOREIRA, G. S. & YAMASHITA, C. 1973. Experimental studies on physiological and behavioural response mechanisms of the planktonic copepod Euterpina acutifrons (Dana) to variuos salinities. Bolm Zool. Biol, mar., n.s., (30):233-244.
PRADO, M. S. de A. 1972. Mysidacea (Crustacea) da região lagunar de Cananêia. Tese de doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociencias, 86p + 68 figs.
RANADE,M. R. 1957. Observations on the resistance of Tigriopus fulvus (Fisher) to changes in temperature and salinity. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 36:115-119.
RAYMONT, J. E. G. & MILLER, R. S. 1962. Production of marine zooplankton with fertilization in an enclosed body of sea water. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 47(2):69-209.
RILEY, G. A. 1967. The plankton of estuaries. In: Lauff, G. H., ed. Estuaries. Washington, Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., p.316-326.
SANTOS, J. J. 1970. Plâncton da Baía de Todos os Santos, com especial referência aos copépodos. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, 49p.
SHAZINA, L. I. 1971. Annual cycle of development of mass Copepoda in the Black Sea. Gidrobiol. Zh., 7(5):38-46. (em russo).
TEIXEIRA, C.; TUNDISI, J. & KUTNER, M. B. 1965. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. II. The standing-stock and some ecological factors. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 14:13-41.
______. & SANTORO YCAZA, J. 1969. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. VI. Primary production, zooplankton standing-stock and some environmental factors. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 54(2):289-301.
TUNDISI, J. 1970. O plâncton estuarino. Contrções Inst, oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, sér. Ocean, biol., (19):1-22.
______. & TUNDISI, T. M. 1968. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. V. Salinity tolerances of some planktonic crustaceans. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 17(1):57-65.
TUNDISI, T. M. 1972. Aspectos ecológicos do zooplâncton da região lagunar de Cananeia com especial referência aos Copepoda (Crustacea). Tese de doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociencias, 191p.
VAUPEL-KLEIN, J. C. von & WEBER, R. E. 1975. Distribution of Eurytemora affins (Copepoda: Calanoida) in relation to salinity: field and laboratory observations. Neth. J. Sea Res., 9(3-4):297-310.
VERNBERG, W. B. & VERNBERG, F. J. 1972. Environmental physiology of marine animals. New York, Springer-Werlag, 346p.
WOODMANSEE, R. A. 1958. The seasonal distribution of the zooplankton off Chicken Key in Biscayne Bay, Florida. Ecology, 39:247-262.
YASHNOV, V. A. 1966. Water masses and plankton. 4. Calanus finmarchimus and Dimophyes arctica as indicator of Atlantic water in the polar basin. Oceanology, 6(3):404-412.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
05 June 2012
Date of issue
1979

History

Received
27 Dec 1977

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BARNES, H. 1953. The effect of lowered salinity on some barnacle nauplii. J. Anim. Ecol., 22:328-330.

[2] BATTAGLIA, B. & BRYAN, G. W. 1964. Some aspects of ionic and osmotic regulation in Tisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) in relation to polymorphism and geographical distribution. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 44:1-15.

[3] BAYLY, I. A. E. 1965. Ecological studies on the planktonic Copepoda of the Brisbane River estuary with special reference to Gladío ferens pectinatus (Brady) (Calanoida). Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 16(3):315-350.

[4] BJÖRNBERG, T. K. S. 1963. On the marine free-living copepods off Brazil. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 13(1):1-142.

[5] ______. 1972. Developmental stages of some tropical and subtropical planktonic marine copepods. Stud. Fauna Curaçao, 40:1-185.

[6] CAMPBELL, M. H. 1934. The life history and postembryonic development of the copepods, Calanus tonsus and Euchaeta japonica J. biol. Bd Can., 1:1-65.

[7] CRONIN, L. E.; DAIBER, J. C. & HULBERT, E. M. 1962. Quantitative seasonal aspects of zooplankton in the Delaware River estuary. Chesapeake Sci., 3:63-93.

[8] ESTERLY, C. O. 1928. The periodic occurrence of Copepoda in the marine plankton of two successive years at La Jolla, California. Bull. Scripps Instn Oceanogr. tech. Ser., 1(14):247:345.

[9] FABER, D. J. 1966. Seasonal occurrence and abundance of freeswimming copepod nauplii in Narragansett Bay. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 23(3): 415-422.

[10] FANTA, E. S. 1976. Anatomy of the nauplii of Oithona ovalis Herbst (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Bolm Zool., Univ. S Paulo, 1:205-238.

[11] FONSECA, V.L. 1976. Copépodos do gênero Oithona da região de Cananeia (Lat. 25ş07'S; Long. 47ş56'W) . Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, 68p.

[12] ______ & BJÖRNBERG, T. K. S. 1976, Oithona oligohalina sp. n. de Cananéia (Est. de São Paulo) e considerações sobre O. ovalis Herbst (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Anais Acad. bras. Ciênc., 47:127-131.

[13] FRAGA, F. 1972. El agua marina. In: Castellví, J. et al. - Ecologia marina. Caracas, Editorial Dossat, p.67-99.

[15] FROLANDER, H. F.; MILLER, C. B .; FLYNN, M. J.; MYERS, S.C. & ZIMMERMANN, S. T. 1973. Seasonal cycles of abundance in zooplankton populations of Yaquina Bay, Oregon. Mar. Biol., 21(4):277-288.

[16] GONZALEZ, J. G. & BOWMAN, T.E. 1965. Planktonic copepods from Bahia Fosforescente, Puerto Rico, and adjacent waters. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus., 117(3513):241-304.

[17] GRICE, G. D. 1956. A qualitative and quantitative seasonal study of the Copepoda of Alligator Harbor. Contr. oceanogr. Inst. Fla St. Univ., (68):37-76.

[18] ______. 1960. Copepods of the genus Oithona from the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb., 10(4):485-490.

[19] GUNDERSEN, K. R. 1953. Zooplankton investigations in some fjords in Western Norway during 1950-1951. FiskDir. Skr., Ser. Havunders., 10(6):1-54.

[20] GUNTER, G. 1956. Some relations of faunal distributions to salinity in estuarine waters. Ecology, 37:616-619.

[21] HERBST, H.V. 1955. Cyclopoida Gnathostoma (Crustacea, Copepoda) der Brasilianischen Atlantikküste. Kieler Meeresforsch., 11(2):214-229.

[22] HIROTA, R. 1962. Species composition and seasonal changes of copepod fauna in the vicinity of Mukaishima. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 18(1):35-40.

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