Desempenho de inovação nas empresas de serviços e KIBS vis à vis indústria transformadora: a relevância da capacidade de absorção e da abertura

Teixeira, Aurora A. C.; Santos, Lilian Cristina Bezerra dos

doi:10.7819/rbgn.v18i59.2215

Resumo

Objetivo:

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para a mais recente corrente de literatura que destaca a importância da inovação nos serviços, analisando um contexto - Portugal - caracterizado por um relativo atraso em termos de desempenho inovador.

Metodologia:

Com base em uma amostra de 4.128 empresas (incluindo 1.489 de serviços) que responderam à Pesquisa Comunitária sobre Inovação (PCI/CIS) 2008, avaliamos, recorrendo a regressões logísticas, os determinantes do desempenho da inovação nas empresas portuguesas.

Resultados:

1) Os trabalhadores que possuem o 1º ciclo do ensino superior têm um impacto positivo e significativo na inovação das empresas de serviços, ao passo que os doutorados são prejudiciais para o desempenho inovador das empresas; 2) as empresas do setor dos serviços em geral, e as dos KIBS em particular, que efetivamente investem em atividade de P&D externa e interna são mais inovadoras; 3) fontes científicas externas de informação para inovação são críticas (e muito mais do que na indústria transformadora) para o desempenho inovador das empresas de serviços, especialmente dos KIBS; 4) da mesma forma para a indústria transformadora, a participação em atividades de inovação em cooperação com parceiros estrangeiros emerge como um fator-chave para o desempenho inovador das empresas de serviços.

Contribuições:

Explicita a influência de abertura das empresas e a importância relativa atribuída às distintas fontes de informação para a inovação nos resultados de inovação das empresas de serviços (e KIBS) face às empresas da indústria transformadora.

Palavras-chave:
Desempenho de inovação; Serviços; KIBS; Indústria Transformadora; Portugal

Abstract

Purpose:

The present paper adds to the most recent current of literature that highlights the importance of innovation in services, analyzing a setting - Portugal - which is relatively backward in terms of innovation performance.

Design/methodology/approach:

Based on a sample of 4128 companies (including 1489 service companies) that answered the Community Innovation Survey 2008, we assessed, by resorting to logistic regressions, the determinants of innovation performance in Portuguese companies.

Findings:

1) Workers who have the 1st cycle of higher education have a positive and significant impact on the innovation of service companies whereas PhDs are detrimental to companies’ innovative performance; 2) Companies in the service sector in general, and in KIBS in particular, that effectively invest in external and (continuous) internal R&D activities are more innovative; 3) External scientific sources of information for innovation are crucial (and much more than in manufacturing) to the innovation performance of service companies, especially of KIBS; 4) Similarly to manufacturing, participation in innovation activities in cooperation with foreign partners appears as a key factor in the innovative performance of service companies.

Originality/value:

The study demonstrates the influence of companies’ openness and the relative importance attributed to different sources of information for innovation on innovation outcomes of service companies (and KIBS) compared to manufacturing industries.

Keywords:
Innovation performance; Services; KIBS; Manufacturing; Portugal

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Referências

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2
Processo de Avaliação: Double Blind Review

Agências de Fomento: Este trabalho é financiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) no âmbito do projeto UID/ECO/04105/2013.

1
Droege et al. (2009) fazem uma distinção entre tecnólogo e assimilação, enquanto Djellal et al. (2013) mencionam uma abordagem adicional (a inversão) que enfatiza o papel fundamental de certos Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) nas inovações de outros setores.

2
Freel (2005) considera que a inovação original é a inovação para a indústria (tanto em termos de produto e processo), e a inovação incremental é nova apenas para a empresa que a introduz.

3
Pires et al. (2008) defendem dois tipos de inovação para produtos: inovação pioneira, se a empresa introduziu uma nova inovação no mercado, ou seja, introduziu um produto ou serviço que não é uma mera imitação de um já existente; e inovação de produto, se a inovação introduzida é novo apenas para a empresa.

4
Em sua análise, os autores consideraram dois tipos de inovação: inovação tecnológica (inovação de produto+inovação de processo) e inovação não tecnológica (inovação organizacional e de marketing).

5
Os autores consideram 7 tipos principais de fontes de informação: internas à empresa (por exemplo, know-how, organização do trabalho e comunicação dentro da empresa), as relações de cooperação (com clientes, fornecedores, consultores, bancos, entre outros), organização regional de conhecimento (por exemplo, universidade e institutos de pesquisa locais), organização de apoio regional (por exemplo, associação regional de empresários e incubadoras de empresas), organizações de apoio financeiro (organizações que incentivam a inovação), organizações nacionais de apoio (por exemplo, confederação nacional da indústria finlandesas e câmara de comércio) e, por fim, outras fontes externas de informação (por exemplo, feiras, congressos, internet, mídia, literatura).

6
Neste trabalho, Laursen e Salter (2004) criaram um índice para medir a abertura de empresas industriais inglesas ao conhecimento de seu ambiente externo. Assim, quanto maior o número de fontes de informação externas usadas por uma empresa, maior a sua “abertura” para a atração desse tipo de conhecimento gerado a partir do exterior.

Contribuição dos autores:

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Jan-Mar 2016

Histórico

Recebido
18 Out 2014
Aceito
11 Abr 2016

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

[1] Aboal, D., Bravo-Ortega, C., & Cresp, G. (2015). Innovation in the services sector. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 51(3), 537-539.

[2] Agut, S., Peiró, J. M., & Grau, R. (2009). The effect of overeducation on job content innovation and career-enhancing strategies among young Spanish employees. Journal of Career Development, 36(2), 159-182.

[3] Álvarez, R., Bravo-Ortega, C., & Zahler, A. (2015). Innovation and productivity in services: Evidence from Chile. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(3), 593-611.

[4] Añón Higón, D. (2016). In-house versus external basic research and first-to-market innovations. Research Policy, 45(4), 816-829.

[5] Arundel, A., Kanerva, M., Cruysen, A.V., & Hollanders, H. (2007). Innovation statistics for the European service sector [Report Inno Metrics]. UNU-MERIT Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Retrieved from http://www.seeproject.org/images/Innovation%20Statistics%20for%20the%20European%20Service%20Sector.pdf
» http://www.seeproject.org/images/Innovation%20Statistics%20for%20the%20European%20Service%20Sector.pdf

[6] Arvanitis, S., & Bolli, T. (2012). A comparison of national and international innovation cooperation in five European countries. Review of Industrial Organization, 43(3), 163-191.

[7] Barras, R. (1986). Towards a theory of innovation in services. Research Policy, 15(4), 161-173.

[8] Barroca, A., Meireles, G. & Neto, C. (2015). A empregabilidade dos doutorados nas empresas portuguesas Porto: Advanced Business Services. Retrieved from http://www.empregabilidadedoutorados.com/
» http://www.empregabilidadedoutorados.com/

[9] Battisti, G., Gallego, J., Rubalcaba, L. & Windrum, P. (2015). Open innovation in services: Knowledge sources, intellectual property rights and internationalization. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 24(3), 223-247.

[10] Becker, G. S. (1983). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

[11] Broekel, T., & Brenner, T. (2011). Regional factors and innovativeness: An empirical analysis of four German industries. The Annals of Regional Science, 47(1), 169-194.

[12] Bryson, J., & Monnoyer, M. (2004). Understanding the relationship between services and innovation: The RESER review of the European service literature on innovation. The Service Industries Journal, 24(1), 205-222.

[13] Cáceres, R., & Guzmán, J. (2014). Seeking an innovation structure common to both manufacturing and services. Service Business, 9(3), 361-379.

[14] Camacho, J., & Rodríguez, M. (2005). How innovative are services? An empirical analysis for Spain. The Service Industries Journal, 25(2), 253-271.

[15] Carlborg, P., Kindström, D., & Kowalkowski, C. (2014). The evolution of service innovation research: A critical review and synthesis. Service Industries Journal, 34(5), 373-398.

[16] Carvalho, L., Costa, T., & Caiado, J. (2013). Determinants of innovation in a small open economy: A multidimensional perspective. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 14(3), 583-600.

[17] Castellacci, F. (2010). The internationalization of companies in the service industries: Channels, determinants and sectoral patterns. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 77(3), 500-513.

[18] Castro, L. M., Montoro-Sanchez, A., & Criado, M. O. (2011). Innovation in services industries: Current and future trends. The Service Industries Journal, 31(1), 7-20.

[19] Chang, Y.-C., Linton, J. D., & Chen, M.-N. (2012). Service regime: An empirical analysis of innovation patterns in service firms. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 79(9), 1569-1582

[20] Chesbrough, H. (2003). Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

[21] Cohen, W., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128-152.

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