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Quilombolas e direitos humanos no Suriname

Resumo

Desde a independência do Suriname em 1975, o relacionamento entre o Estado e sua população quilombola (cerca de 52 mil pessoas, talvez 15% da população nacional) deteriorou. Do ponto de vista quilombola, os tipos de atrocidades associadas às guerras coloniais do século dezoito voltaram à tona. A Guerra Civil que começou em 1986, que jogou o exército nacional contra os “Jungle Commandos” (compostos principalmente de quilombolas) só fez piorar a situação dos quilombolas. Um grande julgamento pela Corte Inter-Americana de Direitos Humanos em 1992, tendo como réu o Estado do Suriname, terminou com uma vultosa indenização por danos aos quilombolas Saramaka, autores da queixa. Recentemente a situação piorou, quando os quilombolas – sem qualquer proteção legal sob a constituição do Suriname – viram as terras pelas quais os seus antepassados lutaram e morreram serem confiscadas unilateralmente pelo Estado e doadas, em concessões gigantescas, a companhias madeireiras e mineradoras multinacionais (da Indonésia, da Malásia, da China e do Canadá). O efeito das atuais políticas para os quilombolas não é nada menos do que etnocídio.

Palavras-chave
direitos humanos; quilombolas; Suriname

Abstract

Since Suriname’s independence in 1975, the relationship between the State and its Maroon populations (some 52,000 people, perhaps 15% of the national population) has deteriorated. From a Maroon perspective, the kinds of atrocities associated with the eighttenth-century colonial wars have resurfaced. The Civil War that began in 1986, pitting the national army against the Jungle Commandos (made up largely of Maroons), has only worsened the Maroons’ situation. A major trial before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 1992, with the State of Suriname as defendant, ended with a large cash award for damages to the Saramaka Maroon plaintiffs. Recently the situation has worsened, as the Maroons – with no legal protection in the Suriname constitution – have seen the lands their ancestors fought and died for confiscated unilaterally by the State and given, in giant concessions, to multinational timber and mining companies (Indonesian, Malaysian, Chinese, and Canadian). The effect of current policies toward Maroons is nothing less than ethnocide.

Keywords
human rights; quilombolas; Surinam

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Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    Maio 1999
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social - IFCH-UFRGS UFRGS - Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Prédio 43321, sala 205-B, 91509-900 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brasil, Telefone (51) 3308-7165, Fax: +55 51 3308-6638 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
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