Complementaridade entre a P&D Interna e a Cooperação em P&D no Contexto das Oportunidades Tecnológicas Espanholas

Complementariedad entre la i+d interna y la cooperación en i+d en el contexto de las oportunidades tecnológicas Españolas

RESUMO

Neste artigo analisamos a existência de complementaridade entre o desenvolvimento interno de P&D e os acordos de cooperação em P&D das empresas industriais inovadoras. A análise é feita no contexto das oportunidades tecnológicas espanholas (industriais e não industriais) e dos mecanismos de proteção (legais e estratégicos). O banco de dados utilizado é o Community Innovation Survey, baseada na economia espanhola, ea técnica de regressão empregada é a correção de Heckman em dois estágios. Os resultados mostram que há evidências de substituibilidade entre a P&D interna e os acordos de cooperação em P&D e que as oportunidades tecnológicas não industriais e os mecanismos estratégicos de proteção não mostram nenhuma influência estatística sobre o desempenho inovador das empresas. Nós também achamos que as oportunidades tecnológicas não industriais aumentam a probabilidade de inovar das empresas. Por outro lado, as oportunidades tecnológicas industriais não têm efeito sobre a probabilidade de inovar das empresas, mas elas mostram influência sobre o desempenho inovador.

Palavras-chave:
Complementaridade; P&D interna; Cooperação em P&D; Oportunidades tecnológicas; Condições de apropriabilidade

RESUMEN

En este trabajo analizamos la existencia de complementariedad entre el desarrollo interno de I+D y los acuerdos de cooperación en I+D de las empresas manufactureras innovadoras. El análisis es realizado en el contexto de las oportunidades tecnológicas españolas (industriales y no industriales) y de los mecanismos de protección (legales y estratégicos). La base de datos utilizada es la Community Innovation Survey, referida a la economía española, y la técnica de regresión empleada ha sido la Corrección de Heckman en dos etapas. Los resultados señalan que existen evidencias de sustituibilidad entre la I+D interna y los acuerdos de cooperación en I+D y que las oportunidades tecnológicas no industriales y los mecanismos de protección estratégicos no ejercen influencia estadística sobre el desempeño innovador de las empresas. Asimismo, encontramos que las oportunidades tecnológicas no industriales incrementan la probabilidad de innovar de las empresas. Por el contrario, las oportunidades tecnológicas industriales no influyen sobre la probabilidad de innovar de las empresas, pero sí lo hacen sobre su desempeño innovador.

Palabras clave:
Complementariedad; I+D interna

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we analyse the existence of complementarity between the internal R&D activities and the R&D cooperative agreements of Spanish innovative manufacturing firms. This analysis is conducted concerning to the context of technological opportunities (industrial and non-industrial) and companies’ protection mechanisms (legal and strategic). The database used is the Community Innovation Survey referring to the Spanish economy. The discussion about the results is performed once the coefficients have been obtained by the Heckman correction method. The results indicate evidence of substitutability between internal R&D and R&D cooperation, and non-industrial technological opportunities and strategic protection mechanisms have no influence on innovation output. In addition, we found that non-industrial technological opportunities increase the probability of innovation in companies, although they have no influence on their innovative performance. In contrast, industrial technological opportunities do not contribute to increasing the likelihood of innovation, but influence their innovative performance.

Keywords:
Complementarity; Internal R&D; R&D cooperation; Technological opportunities; Appropriability conditions

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• Processo de avaliação: Double Blind Review

• 1
  . O Manual de Oslo 1997 é um guia para a coleta e interpretação de dados de inovação tecnológica. É editada em conjunto pela OCDE e Eurostat. Como um guia, define conceitos e esclarece as atividades que fazem parte do processo de inovação e os tipos de inovação e o impacto dessas inovações na performance da empresa.
• 2
  . Nós descartamos a consideração de atividades inovadoras em andamento e atividades frustradas, porque ambos, por definição, não têm impacto sobre a variável % SALESNEWP.
• 3
  . Esse resultado em relação à complementaridade coincide com aquele obtido por Schmiedeberg (2008) para a indústria transformadora alemã quando usou como saída de inovação as vendas de novos produtos (como fizemos neste estudo).
• 4
  . Na Espanha, e, em geral em toda a União Europeia, é usual conceder auxílios estatais para a inovação sob a condicionalidade de estabelecer acordos de cooperação com outras empresas. No entanto, aplicar essa política a todos os tipos de empresas parece incorreto. Na Espanha, uma grande parte das empresas pertence a setores de média e baixa intensidade tecnológica. Estas empresas não têm um departamento de P & D suficientemente bem desenvolvido. Portanto, essas empresas não são capazes de absorver o conhecimento, habilidades e rotinas que as empresas mais avançadas alcançam através da implementação de acordos de cooperação com outras empresas. Para este tipo de empresas o auxílio à inovação não deve ser condicionado à elaboração de acordos de cooperação (GUISADO-GONZÁLEZ; GUISADO-TATO; FERRO-SOTO, 2013).

ANEXO A - Definições das variáveis

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  Oct-Dec 2014

Histórico

• Recebido
  07 Ago 2012
• Aceito
  18 Nov 2014