Groundwater chemistry of the Oban Massif, South-Eastern Nigeria

Ekwere, Azubuike S.; Edet, Aniekan E.; Ekwere, Solomon J.

doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.812

Abstracts

Hydrogeochemical study of the fractured/weathered basement of the Oban Massif, southeastern Nigeria has been carried out. Results indicated that concentrations of major cations and anions exhibited the following order of abundance: Ca>Na>Mg>K and HCO3>SO4>Cl, respectively, with minor variations across sampling seasons. Ca-Na-Cl-SO4 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 water types have been identified as major facies, resultant from congruent influences of weathering (mainly silicates), ion exchange processes, and water mixing.

groundwater; cation; anion; weathering; ion exchange; Oban massif; Nigeria

Estudo hidrogeoquímico do embasamento fraturado / intemperizado do Maciço Oban, sudeste da Nigéria foi realizado. Os resultados indicaram que as concentrações de cátions e ânions apresentaram a seguinte ordem de ocorrência: Ca> Na> Mg> K e HCO3> SO4> Cl, respectivamente, com pequenas variações entre as estações de amostragem. Os tipos de água Ca-Na-Cl-SO4 e Ca-Mg-HCO3 têm sido identificados como os principais fácies, resultantes de influências congruentes de desgaste (principalmente silicatos), processos de permuta iónica e água de mistura.

água subterrânea; catiônica; ânion; intemperismo; troca iônica; Oban maciço; Nigéria

ADAMS, S. S.; TITUS, R.; PIETERSEN, K.; TREDOUX, G.; HARRIS, C. Hydrochemical characteristics of aquifers near Sutherland in Western Karoo, South Africa. Journal of Hydrology, v. 241, p. 91-103, 2001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00370-X
AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION - APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 19th ed. Washington, 1995.
AYI, N. E. Geology and geochemistry of the eastern part of the Oban massif. 1987. Thesis (M.Sc in Geology) - Dept. of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, 1987.
BERNER, E. K.; BERNER, R. A. Global environment: water, air and geochemical cycles. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1996.
CARITAT, P. de; KIRSTE, D.; CARR, G.; McCULLOCH, M. Groundwater in Broken Hill region, Australia: recognizing interaction with bedrock and mineralization using S, Sr and Pb isotopes. Applied Geochemistry, v. 20, p. 767-787, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.11.003
CERLING, T. E.; PEDERSON, B. L.; DAMM, K. L. V. Sodium-Calcium ion exchange in the weathering shales. Implications for global weathering budgets. Geology, v. 17, p. 552-554, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0552:SCIEIT>2.3.CO;2
CROSS RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY - CRBDA. Hydrogeological survey of lower Cross River Basin: final report. Calabar, 2008. 158p.
DAVIS, S. N.; De WEIST, R. J. M. Hydrogeology New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1966.
DAVIES, J. C. Statistics and data analysis in geology 2nd ed. New York: Wiley and Sons, 1986.
EDET, A. E.; TEME, S. C.; OKEREKE, C. S.; ESU, E. O. Linearment analysis for groundwater exploration in Precambrian Oban massif and Obudu Plateau, SE Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, v. 30, n. 1, p. 8-95, 1994.
EDET, A. E.; OKEREKE, C. S.; TEME, S. C.; ESU, E. O. Application of remote-sensing data to groundwater exploration: a case study of the Cross River State, SE Nigeria. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 6, p. 394-404, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050162
EDET, A. E.; OKEREKE, C. S. Hydrogeological and hydrochemical character of the regolith aquifer, northern Obudu Plateau, Southern Nigeria. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 13, p. 391-415, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0358-9
EDET, A. E.; EKPO, B. O. Hydrogeochemistry of a fractured aquifer in the Ogoja/Obudu area of SE Nigeria. In: ADELANA, S.; MacDONALD, A. Applied groundwater studies in Africa Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis, 2008. p. 391-403. (Selected Papers on Hydrogeology, 13)
EKWERE, S. J.; EKWUEME, B. N. Geochemistry of precambrian gneisses in the eastern part of the Oban massif, southeastern Nigeria. Geolgie en Mijnbouw, v. 70, p. 105-114, 1991.
EKWERE, A. S. Hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical framework of the Oban Massif, south-eastern Nigeria. 2010. Thesis (Ph.D.) - Dept. of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, 2010.
EKWUEME, B. N. Rb-Sr ages and petrologic features of Precambrian rocks from the Oban massif, south-eastern Nigeria. Precambian Research, v. 47, p. 271-286, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(90)90042-O
EKWUEME, B. N. The Precambrian geology and evolution of the Southeastern Nigerian basement complex. University of Calabar Press 135p, 2003.
EKWUEME, B. N.; EKWERE, S. J. The geology of the eastern sector of Oban massif, southeastern Nigeria. Journal Mining and Geology, v. 25, n. 1/2, p. 317-329, 1989.
ELUEZE, A. A.; OMIDIRAN, J. O.; NTON, M. E. Hydrogeochemical investigation of surface water and groundwater around Ibokun, Ilesha area, southwestern Nigeria. Journal Mining and Geology, v. 40, n. 1, p. 57-64, 2004.
ETTAZARINI, S. Processes of water-rock interaction in the Turonian aquifer of Oum Er-Rabia Basin, Morocco. Environmental Geology, v. 49, p. 293-299, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-0088-x
FISHER, R. S.; MULLICAN, W. F. Hydrochemical evolution of sodium-sulfate and sodium-chloride groundwater beneath the Northern Chihuahua Desert, Trans-Pecos, Texas, USA. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 5, n. 2, p. 4-16, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050102
GARCIA, M. G.; HIDALGO, M. V.; BLESA, M. A. Geochemistry of groundwater in the alluvial plain of Tucuman province, Argentina. Hydrogeology Journal v. 9, p. 597 - 610, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-001-0166-4
GARRET, R. G.; NICHOL, I. Factor analysis as an aid in the interpretation of regional geochemical streams sediment data Golden: Colorado School of Mines, 1969. p. 245-264.
GIBBS, R. J. Mechanism controlling world water chemistry. Science, v. 170, n. 10, p. 88- 90, 1970.
JANKOWSKI, J.; ACWORTH, R. I. Impact of debris-flow deposits on hydrogeochemical processes and the development of dry land salinity in the Yass River catchment, New South Wales, Australia. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 5, n. 4, p. 71-88, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050119
LANGMUIR, D. Aqueous environmental geochemistry Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1997.
MATTHESS, G. The properties of groundwater New York: Wiley, 1982.
MICHARD, G.; PEARSON JR., F. J.; GAUTSCHI, A. Chemical evolution of waters during long term interaction with granitic rocks in Northern Switzerland. Applied Geochemistry, v. 11, p. 757-774, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(96)00014-5
OELKERS, E. H. Physical and chemical properties of rock and fluids for chemical mass transport calculation. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 34, p. 131-191, 1996.
SINGH, A. K.; MONDAL, G. C.; SINGH, P. K.; SINGH, S.; SINGH, T. B.; TEWARY, B. K. Hydrochemistry of reservoirs of Damodar River Basin, India: weathering processes and water quality assessment. Environmental Geology, v. 48, p. 1014-1028, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1302-6
TIJANI, M. N. Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater in Moro area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Environ. Geol. Vol 24. pp. 194 - 202, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766889
ZHU, G. F.; SU, Y. H.; FENG, Q. The hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of groundwater and surface water in the Heihe River Basin, northwest China. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 16, p. 167-182, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0216-7

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
16 Sept 2014
Date of issue
Mar 2012

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ADAMS, S. S.; TITUS, R.; PIETERSEN, K.; TREDOUX, G.; HARRIS, C. Hydrochemical characteristics of aquifers near Sutherland in Western Karoo, South Africa. Journal of Hydrology, v. 241, p. 91-103, 2001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00370-X

[2] AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION - APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 19th ed. Washington, 1995.

[3] AYI, N. E. Geology and geochemistry of the eastern part of the Oban massif. 1987. Thesis (M.Sc in Geology) - Dept. of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, 1987.

[4] BERNER, E. K.; BERNER, R. A. Global environment: water, air and geochemical cycles. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1996.

[5] CARITAT, P. de; KIRSTE, D.; CARR, G.; McCULLOCH, M. Groundwater in Broken Hill region, Australia: recognizing interaction with bedrock and mineralization using S, Sr and Pb isotopes. Applied Geochemistry, v. 20, p. 767-787, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.11.003

[6] CERLING, T. E.; PEDERSON, B. L.; DAMM, K. L. V. Sodium-Calcium ion exchange in the weathering shales. Implications for global weathering budgets. Geology, v. 17, p. 552-554, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0552:SCIEIT>2.3.CO;2

[7] CROSS RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY - CRBDA. Hydrogeological survey of lower Cross River Basin: final report. Calabar, 2008. 158p.

[8] DAVIS, S. N.; De WEIST, R. J. M. Hydrogeology New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1966.

[9] DAVIES, J. C. Statistics and data analysis in geology 2nd ed. New York: Wiley and Sons, 1986.

[10] EDET, A. E.; TEME, S. C.; OKEREKE, C. S.; ESU, E. O. Linearment analysis for groundwater exploration in Precambrian Oban massif and Obudu Plateau, SE Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, v. 30, n. 1, p. 8-95, 1994.

[11] EDET, A. E.; OKEREKE, C. S.; TEME, S. C.; ESU, E. O. Application of remote-sensing data to groundwater exploration: a case study of the Cross River State, SE Nigeria. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 6, p. 394-404, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050162

[12] EDET, A. E.; OKEREKE, C. S. Hydrogeological and hydrochemical character of the regolith aquifer, northern Obudu Plateau, Southern Nigeria. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 13, p. 391-415, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0358-9

[13] EDET, A. E.; EKPO, B. O. Hydrogeochemistry of a fractured aquifer in the Ogoja/Obudu area of SE Nigeria. In: ADELANA, S.; MacDONALD, A. Applied groundwater studies in Africa Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis, 2008. p. 391-403. (Selected Papers on Hydrogeology, 13)

[14] EKWERE, S. J.; EKWUEME, B. N. Geochemistry of precambrian gneisses in the eastern part of the Oban massif, southeastern Nigeria. Geolgie en Mijnbouw, v. 70, p. 105-114, 1991.

[15] EKWERE, A. S. Hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical framework of the Oban Massif, south-eastern Nigeria. 2010. Thesis (Ph.D.) - Dept. of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, 2010.

[16] EKWUEME, B. N. Rb-Sr ages and petrologic features of Precambrian rocks from the Oban massif, south-eastern Nigeria. Precambian Research, v. 47, p. 271-286, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(90)90042-O

[17] EKWUEME, B. N. The Precambrian geology and evolution of the Southeastern Nigerian basement complex. University of Calabar Press 135p, 2003.

[18] EKWUEME, B. N.; EKWERE, S. J. The geology of the eastern sector of Oban massif, southeastern Nigeria. Journal Mining and Geology, v. 25, n. 1/2, p. 317-329, 1989.

[19] ELUEZE, A. A.; OMIDIRAN, J. O.; NTON, M. E. Hydrogeochemical investigation of surface water and groundwater around Ibokun, Ilesha area, southwestern Nigeria. Journal Mining and Geology, v. 40, n. 1, p. 57-64, 2004.

[20] ETTAZARINI, S. Processes of water-rock interaction in the Turonian aquifer of Oum Er-Rabia Basin, Morocco. Environmental Geology, v. 49, p. 293-299, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-0088-x

[21] FISHER, R. S.; MULLICAN, W. F. Hydrochemical evolution of sodium-sulfate and sodium-chloride groundwater beneath the Northern Chihuahua Desert, Trans-Pecos, Texas, USA. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 5, n. 2, p. 4-16, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050102

[22] GARCIA, M. G.; HIDALGO, M. V.; BLESA, M. A. Geochemistry of groundwater in the alluvial plain of Tucuman province, Argentina. Hydrogeology Journal v. 9, p. 597 - 610, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-001-0166-4

[23] GARRET, R. G.; NICHOL, I. Factor analysis as an aid in the interpretation of regional geochemical streams sediment data Golden: Colorado School of Mines, 1969. p. 245-264.

[24] GIBBS, R. J. Mechanism controlling world water chemistry. Science, v. 170, n. 10, p. 88- 90, 1970.

[25] JANKOWSKI, J.; ACWORTH, R. I. Impact of debris-flow deposits on hydrogeochemical processes and the development of dry land salinity in the Yass River catchment, New South Wales, Australia. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 5, n. 4, p. 71-88, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050119

[26] LANGMUIR, D. Aqueous environmental geochemistry Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1997.

[27] MATTHESS, G. The properties of groundwater New York: Wiley, 1982.

[28] MICHARD, G.; PEARSON JR., F. J.; GAUTSCHI, A. Chemical evolution of waters during long term interaction with granitic rocks in Northern Switzerland. Applied Geochemistry, v. 11, p. 757-774, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(96)00014-5

[29] OELKERS, E. H. Physical and chemical properties of rock and fluids for chemical mass transport calculation. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 34, p. 131-191, 1996.

[30] SINGH, A. K.; MONDAL, G. C.; SINGH, P. K.; SINGH, S.; SINGH, T. B.; TEWARY, B. K. Hydrochemistry of reservoirs of Damodar River Basin, India: weathering processes and water quality assessment. Environmental Geology, v. 48, p. 1014-1028, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1302-6

[31] TIJANI, M. N. Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater in Moro area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Environ. Geol. Vol 24. pp. 194 - 202, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766889

[32] ZHU, G. F.; SU, Y. H.; FENG, Q. The hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of groundwater and surface water in the Heihe River Basin, northwest China. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 16, p. 167-182, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0216-7

Brasil

Brasil

Groundwater chemistry of the Oban Massif, South-Eastern Nigeria

Química das águas subterrâneas do Maciço Oban, Sudeste da Nigéria

Abstracts

Publication Dates