Analytical method for determining the saturation point of superplasticizers in cement pastes using the Marsh cone

Figure 3:
Determination of SPS by: a) Aïtcin ⁶6 P.C. Aïtcin, Constr. Build. Mater. 9, 1(1995) 13.; b) AFREN ⁷7 F. De Larrard, F. Bosc, C. Catherine, F. Deflorenne, Mater. Struct. 30 (1997) 439.; c) ASTM C939/2002 ¹⁸18 ASTM C939-10, “Standard test method for flow of grout (flow cone method)” (2010).; and d) Gomes ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30..

Figura 3:
Determinação do PSP por: a) Aïtcin ⁶6 P.C. Aïtcin, Constr. Build. Mater. 9, 1(1995) 13.; b) AFREN ⁷7 F. De Larrard, F. Bosc, C. Catherine, F. Deflorenne, Mater. Struct. 30 (1997) 439.; c) ASTM C939/2002 ¹⁸18 ASTM C939-10, “Standard test method for flow of grout (flow cone method)” (2010).; e d) Gomes ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30..

Thumbnail

Figure 4:
Determination of SPS using the method of Gomes ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30.; adapted from ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30..

Figura 4:
Determinação do PSP usando o método de Gomes ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30.; adaptado de ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30..

Thumbnail

Figure 5:
SPS of PAM according to the adjustment of the decreasing exponential curve.

Figura 5:
PSP do MAP de acordo com o ajuste da curva exponencial decrescente.

Thumbnail

Figure 6:
Flow curve to the SP using the results of .

Figura 6:
Curva de fluxo para o SP usando os resultados da .

Thumbnail

Figure 7:
Function and representative curve of the phenomenon.

Figura 7:
Função e curva representativa do fenômeno.

Thumbnail

Figure 8:
Flow curves of tests 1 to 16.

Figure 8:
Curvas de fluxo dos ensaios 1 a 16.

Thumbnail

Figure 9:
Curves defined by PAM of paste tests 1 to 16.

Figure 9:
Curvas definidas pelo MAP dos ensaios das pastas 1 a 16.

Thumbnail

Table I
Characteristics of materials and parameters considered.

Tabela I
Características dos materiais e parâmetros considerados.

Thumbnail

Table II
Results of the tests in the Marsh cone applied to determine the flow curve.

Tabela II
Resultados dos testes no cone Marsh aplicados para determinar a curva de fluxo.

Thumbnail

Table III
Results of the Gomes method ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30. application.

Tabela III
Resultados da aplicação do método de Gomes ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30..

Thumbnail

Table IV
Results of Marsh cone tests of the pastes 1 to 4 (LEMA/UFAL).

Tabela IV
Resultados dos ensaios de cone de Marsh das pastas 1 a 4 (LEMA/UFAL).

Thumbnail

Table V
Results of Marsh cone tests of the pastes 5 to 8 ¹²12 E. Jhon, R. Gettu , ACI Mater. J. 111, 1(2014) 67..

Tabela V
Resultados dos ensaios de cone de Marsh das pastas 5 a 8 ¹²12 E. Jhon, R. Gettu , ACI Mater. J. 111, 1(2014) 67..

Thumbnail

Table VI
Results of Marsh cone tests of the mortars 9 to 12 ⁷7 F. De Larrard, F. Bosc, C. Catherine, F. Deflorenne, Mater. Struct. 30 (1997) 439..

Tabela VI
Resultados dos ensaios de cone de Marsh de argamassas 9 a 12 ⁷7 F. De Larrard, F. Bosc, C. Catherine, F. Deflorenne, Mater. Struct. 30 (1997) 439..

Thumbnail

Table VII
Results of Marsh cone tests of the pastes 13 to 16 ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30..

Tabela VII
Resultados dos ensaios de cone de Marsh das pastas 13 a 16 ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30..

Thumbnail

Table VIII
Parameters of the flow curves by PAM to different cementitious materials.

Tabela VIII
Parâmetros das curvas de escoamento determinado pelo MAP para diferentes materiais cimentícios.

Thumbnail

Table IX
Results of SPS values defined by different methods - SP/c (%).

Tabela IX
Resultados dos valores de PSP definidos por diferentes métodos - SP/c (%).

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

(G)

(H)

(I)

Table I Characteristics of materials and parameters considered.

Ratio w/c	RMGP (%)	Cement (CPII-F-32) ϱ (g/cm³)	RMGP ϱ (g/cm³)	Water ϱ (g/cm³)
0.50	0.50	3.15	2.65	1.00
Characteristics of SP
Color	ϱ (g/cm³)	Solid fraction (%)	Chemical base	Viscosity η (cps)
Cloudy white	1.08	30.00	Carboxylate ether	<125
Quantity of materials used to obtain 1.5 L of paste
SP/c (%)	SP (g)	Cement (kg)	RMGP (kg)	Water (kg)
0.20	10.14	1.52	0.76	0.75
0.40	20.29	1.52	0.76	0.74
0.60	30.43	1.52	0.76	0.73
0.80	40.58	1.52	0.76	0.72

Table II Results of the tests in the Marsh cone applied to determine the flow curve.

SP/c (%)	Time (s)	LogT
0.20	118.00	2.07
0.40	16.00	1.20
0.60	14.00	1.15
0.80	13.95	1.14

Table III Results of the Gomes method 10 application.

SP/c (%)	LogT	tgθ	θ (degree)	α (degree)
0.20	2.071	-	-	-
0.40	1.204	-4.335	77.05	119.13
0.60	1.146	-0.290	16.18	164.68

Table IV Results of Marsh cone tests of the pastes 1 to 4 (LEMA/UFAL).

Paste 1		Paste 2		Paste 3		Paste 4
SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT
0.15	1.331	0.25	1.279	0.15	1.335	0.05	0.955
0.25	1.225	0.60	1.068	0.25	1.265	0.10	0.903
0.30	1.221	0.80	1.061	0.30	1.235	0.15	0.878
0.35	1.220	1.00	1.064	0.35	1.215	0.20	0.863
0.45	1.215	-	-	0.40	1.205	0.25	0.858

Table V Results of Marsh cone tests of the pastes 5 to 8 12.

Paste 5		Paste 6		Paste 7		Paste 8
SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT
0.075	1.25	0.08	1.43	0.075	1.73	0.10	1.59
0.12	1.18	0.10	1.32	0.10	1.53	0.13	1.34
0.20	1.13	0.25	1.15	0.25	1.15	0.15	1.25
0.50	1.11	0.50	1.05	0.45	1.06	0.20	1.08
1.00	1.11	1.00	1.03	1.00	1.05	0.50	1.03

Table VI Results of Marsh cone tests of the mortars 9 to 12 7.

Paste 9		Paste 10		Paste 11		Paste 12
SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT
0.18	1.58	0.08	1.73	0.20	1.45	0.30	1.75
0.20	1.43	0.10	1.54	0.22	1.33	0.35	1.35
0.23	1.30	0.12	1.16	0.25	1.20	0.45	1.23
0.25	1.13	0.20	1.10	0.30	1.15	0.50	1.20
0.34	1.03	0.25	1.08	0.36	1.10	0.60	1.15
0.50	1.03	1.00	1.07	1.00	1.09	1.00	1.14

Table VII Results of Marsh cone tests of the pastes 13 to 16 10.

Paste 13		Paste 14		Paste 15		Paste 16
SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT	SP/c (%)	LogT
0.90	2.36	0.60	2.12	0.30	1.78	0.20	2.04
1.00	2.29	0.70	2.03	0.40	1.64	0.30	1.50
1.20	2.26	0.80	2.02	0.50	1.63	0.50	1.42
1.50	2.24	1.00	2.01	0.80	1.61	0.80	1.40
2.00	2.24	-	-	-	-	-	-

Table VIII Parameters of the flow curves by PAM to different cementitious materials.

Paste	A1 (s)	t1 (%)	y0 (s)	r2
1	5.716	0.038	1.217	0.998
2	3.033	0.094	1.062	0.999
3	0.395	0.196	1.150	0.995
4	0.206	0.073	0.850	0.999
5	0.446	0.064	1.109	0.999
6	0.674	0.133	1.033	0.969
7	1.650	0.082	1.055	0.999
8	4.081	0.050	1.021	0.992
9	11.423	0.060	1.006	0.968
10	8.753	0.031	1.072	0.995
11	27.444	0.046	1.093	0.999
12	357.620	0.047	1.168	0.985
13	157.957	0.124	2.241	0.982
14	3880.060	0.057	2.012	0.989
15	32.570	0.056	1.612	0.979
16	29.821	0.051	1.408	0.998

Table IX Results of SPS values defined by different methods - SP/c (%).

Paste	Differential equation	PAM	Gomes ¹⁰10 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L.A. Fité, C. Bernad, Cem. Hormigón 832(2002) 30.	ASTM C939 ¹⁸18 ASTM C939-10, “Standard test method for flow of grout (flow cone method)” (2010).	AFREM De Larrard ⁷7 F. De Larrard, F. Bosc, C. Catherine, F. Deflorenne, Mater. Struct. 30 (1997) 439.
1	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 149.336 \cdot e^{- 26.126 x} = - 0.57$	0.21	0.25	0.25	0.35
2	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 32.004 \cdot e^{- 10.552 x} = - 0.57$	0.38	0.60	0.60	0.60
3	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 2.007 \cdot e^{- 5.081 x} = - 0.57$	0.24	0.30	0.30	0.35
4	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 2.829 \cdot e^{- 13.734 x} = - 0.57$	0.12	0.15	0.20	0.20
5	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 0.446 \cdot e^{- 15.455 x} = - 0.57$	0.18	0.20	0.20	0.20
6	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 0.674 \cdot e^{- 7.518 x} = - 0.57$	0.33	0.10	0.20	0.35
7	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 1.650 \cdot e^{- 12.195 x} = - 0.57$	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.35
8	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 4.081 \cdot e^{- 20.000 x} = - 0.57$	0.26	nd	0.20	0.30
9	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 188.76 \cdot e^{- 16.528 x} = - 0.57$	0.37	nd	0.25	0.35
10	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 282.354 \cdot e^{- 32.258 x} = - 0.57$	0.20	0.12	0.12	0.12
11	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 596.608 \cdot e^{- 21.739 x} = - 0.57$	0.33	0.25	0.25	0.35
12	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 7774.347 \cdot e^{- 21.739 x} = - 0.57$	0.45	0.35	0.35	0.55
13	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 1273.79 \cdot e^{- 8.064 x} = - 0.57$	0.95	nd	1.50	1.50
14	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 68071.22 \cdot e^{- 17.543 x} = - 0.57$	0.66	0.70	0.70	0.80
15	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 707.815 \cdot e^{- 18.518 x} = - 0.57$	0.38	0.40	0.45	0.45
16	$\frac{d y}{d x} = - 68071.22 \cdot e^{- 17.543 x} = - 0.57$	0.35	0.30	0.30	0.40

[1] * osvaldoferr@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Analytical method for determining the saturation point of superplasticizers in cement pastes using the Marsh cone

Método analítico de determinação do ponto de saturação de superplastificantes em materiais cimentícias usando o cone de Marsh

Abstract