Intuitive eating in youth: Its relationship with nutritional status

BILICI, Saniye; KOCAADAM, Betul; MORTAS, Hande; KUCUKERDONMEZ, Ozge; KOKSAL, Eda

doi:10.1590/1678-98652018000600005

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev Nutr 31 (6) • Nov-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000600005 copy

Intuitive eating in youth: Its relationship with nutritional status

Alimentação intuitiva na juventude: sua relação com o estado nutricional

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To determine intuitive eating in young adults and the effects of factors such as gender, Body Mass Index and dietary intake, and dietary adequacy on intuitive eating.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted with students at Gazi University in Ankara (N=665; 17.6% men; 82.4% women). The questionnaire, including the general characteristics, anthropometric measurements, Intuitive Eating Scale-2, and 24-H Dietary Recall sections, were applied to all participants. For the evaluation of the diet, Nutrient Adequacy Ratio and Mean Adequacy Ratio were used.

Results

The mean Intuitive Eating Scale-2 score was 3.2±0.33; men’s and women’s scores were 3.3±0.37 and 3.2±0.32, respectively (p<0.05). According to linear regression analysis, gender, age and mean adequacy ratio had an effect on the model for the score (p<0.05). In addition, there was a negative correlation between Intuitive Eating Scale-2 scores and Body Mass Index values in women (r_p=-0.095, p=0.026).

Conclusion

The intuitive eating scores varied according to gender, dietary adequacy and age. Intuitive eating may be effective in the formation of long-term behavioral changes, which is beneficial for the treatment of obesity. The result of this study may encourage the development of this behavior in groups (may vary according to gender), that is thought to be effective by considering the changes of intuitive eating behavior.

Keywords
Intuitive eating; Behavioral change; Body mass index; Nutrient Adequacy Ratio; Mean Adequacy Ratio

Characteristics of the individuals	Men (n:117)		Women (n:548)			Total (N:665)
Characteristics of the individuals	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p ^* * <0.05; Chi-square: p	Mean	SD
Age (years)	21.3	1.68	20.8	1.77	0.012^* * <0.05; Chi-square: p	20.9	1.76
BMI (kg/m²)	23.3	2.67	21.5	2.89	0.000^* * <0.05; Chi-square: p	21.8	2.94
Energy (kcal)	2318.3	940.61	2218.2	1082.49	0.354 * <0.05; Chi-square: p	2235.8	1058.90
Carbohydrates (g)	270.3	114.36	252.4	111.19	0.116 * <0.05; Chi-square: p	255.5	111.87
Protein (g)	81.8	36.83	74.8	37.34	0.063 * <0.05; Chi-square: p	76.0	37.32
Fat (g)	97.8	43.66	98.3	78.70	0.941 * <0.05; Chi-square: p	98.2	73.72
Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons	3.3	0.49	3.1	0.51	0.001^* * <0.05; Chi-square: p	3.1	0.51
Unconditional Permission to Eat	3.1	0.49	3.0	0.50	0.002^* * <0.05; Chi-square: p	3.0	0.50
Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues	3.1	0.92	3.3	0.61	0.039^* * <0.05; Chi-square: p	3.3	0.67
Body-Food Choice Congruence	3.8	0.81	3.6	0.86	0.015^* * <0.05; Chi-square: p	3.6	0.86
Total IES-2 score	3.3	0.37	3.2	0.32	0.001^* * <0.05; Chi-square: p	3.2	0.33
BMI classification	n	%	n	%	p ^β β <0.01.	n	%
Underweight	4	3.40	81	14.80	0.000^β β <0.01.	85	12.80
Normal	80	68.40	399	72.80		479	72.00
Overweight	32	27.40	62	11.30		94	14.10
Obese	1	0.80	6	1.10		7	1.10

Energy and Nutrients	Men (n:117)						Women (n:548)							Total (N:665)
	Intake Amount			NAR%			Intake Amount			NAR %			p ^* * Significance level of the difference between the mean values of intake amounts of groups. M: Mean; SD: Standard Deviation; NAR: Nutrient Adequacy Ratio; MAR: Mean Adequacy Ratio.	Intake Amount			NAR%
	M	±	SD	M	±	SD	M	±	SD	M	±	SD		M	±	SD	M	±	SD
Protein (g)	81.8	±	36.8	95.2	±	12.2	74.7	±	37.3	91.3	±	14.4	0.063	76.0	±	37.3	91.9	±	14.2
Fiber (g)	24.5	±	12.5	60.8	±	24.5	24.8	±	12.8	80.2	±	21.3	0.771	24.8	±	12.7	76.8	±	23.1
Vitamin B₆ (mg)	1.8	±	0.9	92.8	±	15.6	1.7	±	0.9	90.8	±	15.7	0.258	1.7	±	0.8	91.2	±	15.7
Folate (mcg)	380.0	±	198.1	78.0	±	21.2	355.3	±	179.2	75.3	±	22.6	0.183	165.7	±	86.7	75.7	±	22.4
Vitamin B₁₂ (mcg)	4.7	±	3.1	92.8	±	18.4	4.3	±	3.2	89.4	±	19.9	0.320	4.4	±	3.2	90.0	±	19.8
Vitamin C (mg)	120.6	±	106.7	76.1	±	29.2	127.1	±	98.5	86.6	±	23.6	0.528	125.9	±	99.9	84.7	±	24.9
Calcium (mg)	682.2	±	403.1	99.8	±	01.6	753.1	±	422.8	99.9	±	00.3	0.098	740.6	±	420.0	99.9	±	0.7
Phosphor (mg)	1311.9	±	622.9	98.2	±	08.0	1276.9	±	628.2	97.6	±	07.8	0.585	1283.1	±	626.9	97.7	±	7.9
Potassium (mg)	2794.1	±	1523.1	56.3	±	25.4	2820.0	±	1449.9	57.3	±	24.7	0.862	2815.1	±	1461.9	57.2	±	24.8
Magnesium (mg)	304.3	±	160.9	68.1	±	23.9	310.3	±	158.7	80.4	±	21.1	0.710	309.2	±	158.9	78.2	±	22.1
Iron (mg)	14.2	±	7.3	96.9	±	10.2	13.2	±	6.3	67.2	±	23.6	0.152	13.4	±	6.5	72.5	±	24.6
Zinc (mg)	11.2	±	5.4	82.6	±	20.1	10.5	±	5.1	90.7	±	14.7	0.168	10.6	±	5.2	89.3	±	16.1
MAR%	83.2±13.8						83.9±14.1						0.605	83.8±14.1

Dietary intake	Men (n=117)		Women (n=548)		Total (N=665)
Dietary intake	r	p	r	p	r	p
Energy (kcal)	-0.098	0.294	-0.082	0.056	-0.073	0.061
Carbohydrate (g)	-0.142	0.128	-0.083	0.053	-0.075	0.054
Protein (g)	-0.102	0.273	-0.070	0.104	-0.055	0.157
Fat (g)	-0.029	0.755	-0.057	0.185	-0.052	0.177
MAR	-0.105	0.261	-0.049	0.254	-0.061	0.117
Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons	-0.035	0.705	-0.061	0.154	-0.023	0.547
Unconditional Permission to Eat	-0.062	0.508	-0.108	0.011*	-0.046	0.236
Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues	-0.071	0.449	-0.066	0.124	-0.044	0.257
Body-Food Choice Congruence	-0.021	0.819	-0.152	0.000*	-0.098	0.012*
Total IES-2 score	-0.064	0.491	-0.095	0.026*	-0.032	0.406

Model	Beta	t	p
Total IES-2 score
Age (year)	-0.078	-2.017	0.044
Gender	-0.135	-3.397	0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	-0.064	-1.618	0.106
Energy (kcal/day)	-0.061	-1.222	0.222
MAR%	-0.098	-1.969	0.049

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[1] Correspondencia para/Correspondence to: B KOCAADAM. E-mail:<betulkocaadam@gmail.com>.