The use of neem oil and chitosan during pre-harvest and in the post-harvest quality of the ‘Paluma’ guava

Silva, Regivânia Saraiva da; Martins, Laesio Pereira; Araujo, Raunira da Costa; Sousa, Solange de; Santos, Adriana Ferreira dos

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20200057

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 51 (3) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20200057 copy

The use of neem oil and chitosan during pre-harvest and in the post-harvest quality of the ‘Paluma’ guava¹ 1 Trabalho extraído da Dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor, apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Agroalimentar, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Uso de óleo de nim e quitosana na pré-colheita e qualidade pós-colheita de goiabas ‘Paluma’

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Guava is a fruit that is susceptible to attack by pests and diseases both pre- and post-harvest, making it important to employ techniques which maintain its quality, such as the use of neem-based products and chitosan together with cold storage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of neem oil and chitosan during pre-harvest and in the post-harvest quality of the ‘Paluma’ guava. The experiment was conducted on a property in the district of Mamanguape, Paraíba. Eighteen guava trees were selected, and the following treatments were applied: a control; neem oil 0.5%; neem oil 1%; chitosan 0.5%; chitosan 1%; neem oil 0.5% + chitosan 0.5%; neem oil 0.5% + chitosan 1%; neem oil 1% + chitosan 0.5% and neem oil 1% + chitosan 1%. When at the commercially mature stage, the fruit was harvested, packed in a harvesting crate and transported to the Post-Harvest Physiology Laboratory (CCHSA/UFPB). The fruit was selected, stored at 24 ± 1 °C and evaluated for 10 days, and then stored at 10 ± 1 °C and evaluated for 20 days, followed by physical, chemical and enzymatic analysis. Coating with neem oil (0.5%) + chitosan (1%) during pre-harvest proved to be effective in preserving and prolonging the quality of the ‘Paluma’ guava during storage for 8 days at 24 ± 1 °C, and 16 days at 10 ± 1 °C.

Key words:
Storage; Vegetable oil; Quality

Treatment Number	Applied Treatment
1	Control
2	Neem (0.5%)
3	Neem (1%)
4	Chitosan (0.5%)
5	Chitosan (1%)
6	Neem (0.5%) + Chitosan (0.5%)
7	Neem (0.5%) + Chitosan (1%)
8	Neem (1%) + Chitosan (0.5%)
9	Neem (1%) + Chitosan (1%)

Treatment	Storage Time (24 ± 1 °C)
Treatment	0	2	4	6	8	10
Control	0.00 eA	5.15 dA	8.44 cA	12.18 bA	15.57 aA	18.48 aA
Neem (0.5%)	0.00 dA	4.76 cA	7.45 cA	10.83 bA	14.47 aA	17.57 aA
Neem (1%)	0.00 dA	4.60 cA	7.51 cA	11.19 bA	14.61 aA	17.35 aA
Chitosan (0.5%)	0.00 dA	4.47 cA	7.18 cA	10.47 bA	13.63 abA	16.25 aA
Chitosan (1%)	0.00 eA	4.26 dA	7.89 cA	10.97 bcA	13.83 abA	16.23 aA
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	0.00 dA	4.45 cA	7.58 cA	11.31 bA	15.28 aA	16.96 aA
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	0.00 eA	4.23 dA	6.81 cdA	9.89 bcA	12.81 abA	15.25 aA
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	0.00 dA	4.31 cA	6.92 cA	10.33 bA	13.54 aA	16.29 aA
N (1%) + C (1%)	0.00 dA	4.73 cA	7.57 cA	10.96 bA	14.10 abA	16.96 aA
Treatment	Storage Time (10 ± 1 °C)
Treatment	0	4	8	12	16	20
Control	0.00 eA	4.62 dA	7.99 cAB	11.22 bAB	16.26 aA	18.33 aAB
Neem (0.5%)	0.00 eA	4.06 dA	7.98 cAB	11.39 bAB	13.98 abAB	16.53 aABC
Neem (1%)	0.00 eA	4.56 dA	7.77 cAB	10.88 bAB	13.01 abBC	15.32 aBCDE
Chitosan (0.5%)	0.00 eA	2.93 deA	5.88 cdB	8.70 bcB	10.85 abBC	13.01 aDE
Chitosan (1%)	0.00 dA	4.12 cA	6.96 cAB	10.14 bB	12.23 abBC	14.56 aCDE
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	0.00 eA	4.54 dA	8.08 cAB	11.09 bAB	13.35 abABC	15.57 aABCD
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	0.00 eA	3.60 dA	6.24 cdB	8.73 bcB	10.41 abC	12.16 aE
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	0.00 eA	3.54 dA	6.18 cdB	8.82 bcB	10.70 abC	12.59 aDE
N (1%) + C (1%)	0.00 eA	5.89 dA	9.95 cA	13.58 bA	13.48 bABC	18.78 aA

Treatment	Storage Time (24 ± 1 °C)
Treatment	0	2	0	2	0	2
Control	0.37 dCD	0.54 bAB	0.44 cF	0.59aDE	0.62 aE	0.52 bCD
Neem (0.5%)	0.43 dAB	0.51 cB	0.46 dF	0.71aA	0.73 aC	0.65 bB
Neem (1%)	0.39 eBCD	0.52 cAB	0.60 bA	0.69aAB	0.69 aD	0.46 dE
Chitosan (0.5%)	0.40 eBCD	0.55 dA	0.59 cAB	0.69aAB	0.62 bcE	0.64 bB
Chitosan (1%)	0.41 eABC	0.43 eC	0.50 dE	0.65bBC	0.72 aCD	0.56 cC
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	0.40 eBCD	0.45 dC	0.55 cCD	0.57cE	0.81 aB	0.70 bA
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	0.37 eD	0.43 dC	0.51 cDE	0.66bBC	0.85 aA	0.54 cCD
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	0.38 dCD	0.54 cAB	0.56 cBC	0.68bAB	0.73 aC	0.69 bA
N (1%) + C (1%)	0.44 eA	0.50 dB	0.57 cABC	0.62bCD	0.74 aC	0.51 dD
Treatment	Storage Time (10 ± 1 °C)
Treatment	0	4	8	12	16	20
Control	0.37 fC	0.49 eD	0.64 dC	0.74 cC	0.86 bC	0.98 aA
Neem (0.5%)	0.43 eAB	0.69 dA	0.76 cAB	0.81 bB	0.96 aA	0.71 dDE
Neem (1%)	0.39 eBC	0.53 dC	0.57 dD	0.68 cD	0.75 bD	0.96 aA
Chitosan (0.5%)	0.40 eBC	0.56 dC	0.63 cC	0.75 bC	0.93 aAB	0.74 bCD
Chitosan (1%)	0.41 fABC	0.61 eB	0.74 dAB	0.88 bA	0.95 aA	0.78 cC
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	0.40 fBC	0.61 eB	0.78 dA	0.87 cA	0.92 bAB	0.97 aA
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	0.37 dC	0.66 cA	0.64 cC	0.76 bC	0.96 aA	1.00 aA
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	0.38 eC	0.49 dD	0.56 cD	0.69 bD	0.93 aAB	0.68 bE
N (1%) + C (1%)	0.44 eA	0.55 dC	0.73 cB	0.81 bB	0.91 aB	0.89 aB

Treatment	Storage Time (24 ± 1 °C)
Treatment	0	2	4	6	8	10
Control	27.10 cCD	27.46 cEF	50.93 aAB	45.21 abAB	42.11 abA	37.67 bcAB
Neem (0.5%)	30.56 aCD	23.64 abF	20.41 abD	20.25 abE	15.99 bC	11.30 bE
Neem (1%)	53.35 aA	52.29 aABC	49.53 aAB	27.72 bDE	16.15 bC	19.89 bCDE
Chitosan (0.5%)	21.46 bcD	33.66 abDEF	39.62 aBC	31.48 abCDE	21.26 bcBC	16.28 cDE
Chitosan (1%)	35.59 aBC	43.65 aBCD	44.40 aABC	40.19 aABCD	37.11 aA	32.45 aABC
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	34.36 abBCD	39.80 aCDE	35.48 abC	34.02 abBCD	32.72 abAB	25.32 bBCD
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	44.47 bAB	58.36 aA	53.75 abA	52.49 abA	43.06 bA	42.64 bA
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	32.42 bBCD	51.86 aABC	52.19 aA	50.08 aA	32.16 bAB	24.69 bBCDE
N (1%) + C (1%)	23.16 cCD	54.66 aAB	51.38 aAB	44.26 abABC	42.24 abA	36.33 bAB
Treatment	Storage Time (10 ± 1 °C)
Treatment	0	4	8	12	16	20
Control	27.10 aC	31.51 aC	34.51 aB	37.51 aB	40.10 aAB	34.93 aA
Neem (0.5%)	30.56 bBC	47.84 aAB	43.17 abAB	38.92 abB	37.24 abAB	38.57 abA
Neem (1%)	53.35 aA	43.01 abABC	37.25 bB	32.54 bB	34.34 bAB	37.28 bA
Chitosan (0.5%)	21.46 bC	35.22 abBC	37.30 aB	35.32 abB	32.53 abAB	30.01 abA
Chitosan (1%)	35.59 aBC	45.37 aABC	37.88 aB	35.87 aB	36.26 aAB	34.12 aA
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	34.36 aBC	44.67 aABC	42.20 aAB	42.39 aAB	37.84 aAB	32.64 aA
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	44.47 abAB	54.38 abA	54.95 abA	56.00 aA	46.32 abA	41.24 bA
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	32.42 aBC	41.48 aABC	36.00 aB	29.22 aB	28.05 aB	27.16 aA
N (1%) + C (1%)	23.16 cC	56.64 aA	49.66 abAB	44.76 abAB	40.59 bAB	36.59 bcA

Treatment	Storage Time (24 ± 1 °C)
Treatment	0	2	4	6	8	10
Control	58.71 abAB	62.82 aABC	62.17 aB	56.76 abBCD	53.07 bB	52.86 bAB
Neem (0.5%)	55.50 aABC	52.60 aD	52.57 aC	54.25 aD	53.05 aB	44.58 bCD
Neem (1%)	53.68 bBC	65.50 aA	71.31 aA	65.93 aA	57.73 bAB	45.28 cCD
Chitosan (0.5%)	62.10 bcA	64.02 bcAB	73.38 aA	67.78 abA	61.63 bcA	57.86 cA
Chitosan (1%)	58.38 abAB	58.14 abBCD	60.93 aB	62.07 aAB	53.04 bcB	51.27 cABC
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	49.05 bC	54.40 abD	59.84 aB	56.82 aBCD	53.56 abB	53.45 abAB
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	52.21 bBC	56.79 abCD	58.85 aBC	54.72 abCD	41.06 cC	44.13 cD
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	56.46 aAB	57.39 aBCD	58.40 aBC	61.54 aABC	57.29 aAB	47.28 bBCD
N (1%) + C (1%)	48.72 dC	63.25 bcABC	69.92 aA	65.50 abA	57.02 cAB	49.53 dBCD
Treatment	Storage Time (10 ± 1 °C)
Treatment	0	4	8	12	16	20
Control	58.71 bAB	60.25 abCD	65.74 aBCD	63.97 abA	57.60 bA	58.32 bA
Neem (0.5%)	55.50 cABCD	64.83 abBCD	71.73 aAB	64.00 bA	58.96 bcA	53.48 cAB
Neem (1%)	53.68 cBCD	68.80 aAB	69.71 aABC	63.45 abA	57.70 bcA	52.89 cAB
Chitosan (0.5%)	62.10 bcA	72.45 aA	73.98 aA	64.79 bA	56.35 cdA	51.76 dAB
Chitosan (1%)	58.38 cAB	65.44 abABC	71.10 aAB	61.99 bcAB	56.60 cA	46.87 dB
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	49.05 cCD	64.06 abBCD	70.77 aABC	65.32 abA	60.63 bA	48.40 cB
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	52.21 cBCD	63.62 aBCD	61.23 abDE	54.97 bcB	54.37 bcA	54.23 cAB
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	56.46 bABC	63.13 abBCD	63.33 abCDE	66.97 aA	57.20 bA	37.62 cC
N (1%) + C (1%)	48.72 cD	57.74 abD	55.73 bE	63.37 aA	54.93 bcA	53.84 bcAB

Treatment	Storage Time (24 ± 1°C)
Treatment	0	2	4	6	8	10
Control	4.47 abCD	4.54 abC	5.08 aA	3.71 bcAB	2.48 cB	3.20 cDE
Neem (0.5%)	5.28 bCD	7.09 aAB	4.89 bAB	4.66 bA	4.30 bA	5.05 bAB
Neem (1%)	5.76 bBC	7.50 aAB	3.64 dB	3.35 dAB	4.14 cdA	5.15 bcA
Chitosan (0.5%)	5.45 abBC	6.19 aB	4.25 bcAB	3.49 cAB	3.61 cAB	3.72 cBCDE
Chitosan (1%)	3.99 bD	7.94 aA	4.01 bAB	4.05 bAB	3.68 bAB	4.53 bABCD
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	7.22 aA	7.33 aAB	4.52 bcAB	4.63 bA	3.31 cdAB	2.89 dE
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	6.81 aAB	6.22 aB	4.15 bAB	4.58 bA	4.59 bA	4.37 bABCD
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	4.87 aCD	4.21 abC	3.88 abAB	4.29 abAB	4.25 abA	3.42 bCDE
N (1%) + C (1%)	4.01 abD	4.46 aC	4.53 aAB	3.17 bB	3.63 abAB	4.56 aABC
Treatment	Storage Time (10 ± 1°C)
Treatment	0	4	8	12	16	20
Control	4.47 abDE	4.37 abcBC	4.23 abcCD	4.67 aA	3.90 cB	3.99 bcC
Neem (0.5%)	5.28 aBC	3.70 cD	4.62 bBCD	4.89 abA	4.41 bAB	4.76 abAB
Neem (1%)	5.76 aB	4.33 bC	4.42 bBCD	4.60 bAB	4.40 bAB	4.46 bABC
Chitosan (0.5%)	5.45 aBC	4.94 abAB	4.04 cD	4.74 bA	4.57 bcA	4.64 bAB
Chitosan (1%)	3.99 bE	4.72 aABC	4.96 aAB	4.02 bBC	4.04 bAB	4.73 aAB
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	7.22 aA	4.46 bcBC	4.37 bcBCD	4.81 bA	3.92 cB	4.78 bAB
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	6.81 aA	4.33 bC	4.64 bBC	4.64 bA	4.59 bA	4.30 bBC
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	4.87 abCD	5.13 aA	4.66 abBC	4.89 abA	4.41 bAB	4.93 abA
N (1%) + C (1%)	4.01 cE	4.77 bABC	5.38 aA	3.61 cC	3.94 cB	3.92 cC

Treatment	Storage Time (24 ± 1 °C)
Treatment	0	2	4	6	8	10
Control	30.78 cBCD	41.81 bBC	47.62 aAB	51.20 aA	50.49 aA	31.78 cD
Neem (0.5%)	36.73 dA	42.44 bcB	46.85 aAB	44.70 abBC	39.47 cdBC	35.49 dBCD
Neem (1%)	28.09 dD	48.90 aA	48.68 aA	38.57 bD	35.13 bcCD	32.36 cdD
Chitosan (0.5%)	34.56 cAB	41.79 abBC	43.61 aB	44.29 aBC	42.72 aB	37.53 bcABC
Chitosan (1%)	28.62 cCD	33.78 bDE	43.07 aB	43.61 aC	42.92 aB	41.74 aA
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	31.33 bBCD	30.36 bE	30.90 bC	37.25 aD	36.93 aCD	32.95 abCD
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	26.59 bD	32.30 aE	34.90 aC	34.33 aD	34.21 aD	32.16 aD
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	27.04 dD	44.22 bcAB	50.31 aA	48.53 abAB	42.46 cB	39.88 cAB
N (1%) + C (1%)	32.95 dABC	37.46 cCD	48.87 aA	44.97 abBC	41.83 bB	36.50 cdBCD
Treatment	Storage Time (10 ± 1 °C)
Treatment	0	4	8	12	16	20
Control	30.78 bBCDE	40.19 aA	44.10 aAB	31.79 bBCDE	31.61 bA	23.12 cAB
Neem (0.5%)	36.73 bA	41.51 aA	42.31 aB	43.40 aA	27.27 cAB	23.77 cAB
Neem (1%)	28.09 bDE	33.66 aB	34.87 aCD	34.36 aBCD	25.41 bBC	20.53 cB
Chitosan (0.5%)	34.56 aAB	32.52 aBC	36.70 aC	36.31 aB	27.91 bAB	26.89 bA
Chitosan (1%)	28.62 abCDE	31.22 aBC	31.36 aDE	30.10 aDE	25.74 bcBC	22.79 cAB
N (0.5%) + C (0.5%)	31.33 cBCD	39.99 bA	47.77 aA	30.84 cCDE	27.46 cAB	22.35 dAB
N (0.5%) + C (1%)	26.59 cdE	42.78 aA	32.23 bCDE	28.16 bcE	21.21 eC	23.60 deAB
N (1%) + C (0.5%)	27.04 dDE	38.65 bA	44.34 aAB	32.60 cBCDE	25.00 deBC	21.68 eB
N (1%) + C (1%)	32.95 abABC	28.67 bcC	29.01 bcE	34.87 aBC	25.83 cdBC	22.44 dAB

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The use of neem oil and chitosan during pre-harvest and in the post-harvest quality of the ‘Paluma’ guava1 1 Trabalho extraído da Dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor, apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Agroalimentar, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Uso de óleo de nim e quitosana na pré-colheita e qualidade pós-colheita de goiabas ‘Paluma’

ABSTRACT

The use of neem oil and chitosan during pre-harvest and in the post-harvest quality of the ‘Paluma’ guava¹ 1 Trabalho extraído da Dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor, apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Agroalimentar, Universidade Federal da Paraíba