The Impact of Traditional Silvopastoral System on the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest Remnants

Pinotti, Lígia Carolina Alcântara; Hanisch, Ana Lúcia; Negrelle, Raquel Rejane Bonato

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.019217

Lígia Carolina Alcântara Pinotti ^**Lígia Carolina Alcântara PinottiPós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Cabral, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brasil email: pinotti@ufpr.br

Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Curitiba/PR, Brasil

Ana Lúcia Hanisch

Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural – EPAGRI, Canoinhas/SC, Brasil

Raquel Rejane Bonato Negrelle

Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Curitiba/PR, Brasil

*Lígia Carolina Alcântara PinottiPós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Cabral, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brasil email: pinotti@ufpr.br

Tables (6)

Thumbnail

Table 1
Summary of the managements performed in the caívas, where the floristic and structural aspects of the arboreal component were collected (Santa Catarina, 2015).

Thumbnail

Table 2
Floristic characteristics evidenced in the caívas (Santa Catarina, 2015).

Thumbnail

Table 3
Matrix of results of the Hutcheson t-test for the diversity H’ among caívas (Santa Catarina, 2015).

Thumbnail

Table 4
Similarity measure of IS_Ø among caívas (Santa Catarina, 2015).

Thumbnail

Table 5
Data from studies with the MOF, listed in chronological order of publication, with the respective sampling methods and data of the total area studied: diameter at breast height (DBH), area in hectares (ha), number of species (S), absolute density (AD), basal area (BA), Shannon’s diversity index (H’); Pielou’s evenness index (J’); species of greater importance value (IV); Sørensen similarity index (IS_Ø );

\bar{x}

= average; σ = standard deviation; n.i. = not informed.

Thumbnail

Families Regional common name Number of Individuals SS LF PD Species C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 Anacardiaceae Lithrea brasiliensis Marchand bugreiro - - - - - - 9 - Microfanerophyte MA Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi aroeira - - 1 - - - 1 S Microfanerophyte Ce, MA, Pa Annonaceae Annona neosalicifolia H.Rainer araticum-amarelo 1 6 6 1 5 1 1 P Microfanerophyte A, MA Annona rugulosa (Schltdl.) H.Rainer araticum-preto 22 3 2 2 12 9 - - Microfanerophyte MA Aquifoliaceae Ilex brevicuspis Reissek voadeira 2 10 1 - - - - S Microfanerophyte MA Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. erva-mate 182 135 11 246 132 192 17 P Microfanerophyte Ca, Ce, MA Ilex theezans Mart. ex Reissek caúna, congonha - - 2 1 - - 1 S Microfanerophyte A, Ca, Ce, MA Araucariaceae Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze araucária 9 5 25 8 4 - 38 P Macrofanerophyte MA Arecaceae Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman jerivá 2 1 - 1 - - 1 P Mesofanerophyte Ce, MA, Pa Asteraceae-vernonieae Vernonanthura discolor (Spreng.) H.Rob. vassourão-preto - 1 2 - - - - S Microfanerophyte Ce, MA Bignoniaceae Handroanthus albus (Cham.) Mattos ipê-da-serra - - - - - - 1 P Mesofanerophyte MA Jacaranda puberula Cham. caroba - 1 4 - - - - S Microfanerophyte Ce, MA Canellaceae Cinnamodendron dinisii Schwacke pimenteira 3 1 3 - - - 18 P Microfanerophyte MA Clethraceae Clethra scabra Pers. carne-de-vaca - 1 - - - - - S Microfanerophyte Ca, Ce, MA Cunoniaceae Lamanonia ternata Vell. guaraperê 2 1 - 1 - - - S Microfanerophyte Ce, MA Elaeocarpaceae Sloanea lasiocoma K.Schum. sapopema - 1 - 1 3 - - - Mesofanerophyte Ce, MA Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum deciduum A.St.-Hil. marmeleiro - - 3 3 1 1 2 S Microfanerophyte A, Ce, MA Euphorbiaceae Actinostemon concolor (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. laranjeira-do-mato - 1 - - - - - C Microfanerophyte A, Ca, Ce, MA Gymnanthes klotzschiana Müll.Arg. branquilho - - 1 1 - - - P Microfanerophyte Ca, MA Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong leiteiro 5 4 1 - - - 1 P Microfanerophyte A, Ca, Ce, MA Fabaceae-Faboideae Dahlstedtia floribunda (Vogel) M.J. Silva & A.M.G. Azevedo timbó - 1 3 2 - 1 - - Microfanerophyte MA Machaerium paraguariense Hassl. jacarandá-branco, farinha-seca-graúda - 1 - - - 1 - S Mesofanerophyte Ce, MA Machaerium stipitatum Vogel sapuva, farinha-seca-miúda - - 1 - 2 - - S Microfanerophyte Ce, MA Fabaceae-Mimosoideae Mimosa scabrella Benth. bracatinga 1 - - - - - - S Microfanerophyte MA Lamiaceae Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke tarumã - - - 1 1 - - S Microfanerophyte Ca, Ce, MA Lauraceae Nectandra lanceolata Nees canela-fedorenta - - 1 - - - - S Mesofanerophyte Ce, MA, Pn Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez canela-imbuia - - - 1 - - - P Mesofanerophyte Ce, MA Ocotea corymbosa (Meisn.) Mez canela-de-porco - - - 1 - 1 - C Microfanerophyte Ce, MA Ocotea diospyrifolia (Meisn.) Mez canela-amarela - - 1 - - - - C Microfanerophyte Ce, MA Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer canela-sassafrás - - - 1 7 - - P Mesofanerophyte Ce, MA Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso imbuia 8 11 33 2 2 2 24 P Mesofanerophyte MA Ocotea puberula (Rich.) Nees canela-guaicá 5 1 5 30 13 1 - P Mesofanerophyte A, Ca, Ce, MA Ocotea pulchella (Nees & Mart.) Mez canela-lajeana - - 2 - - - - P Mesofanerophyte Ce, MA Ocotea silvestris Vattimo-Gil canela-preta - 1 2 - 1 - - C Microfanerophyte MA Malvaceae Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc. açoita-cavalo - - - - 3 - - S Mesofanerophyte Ce, MA Meliaceae Cedrela fissilis Vell. cedro; cedro-rosa - 1 6 - 3 1 - S Macrofanerophyte A, Ce, MA Myrtaceae Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O.Berg sete-capote - - - 2 3 4 - S Microfanerophyte Ca, Ce, MA Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O.Berg guabiroba 1 1 5 7 6 15 - S Microfanerophyte Ce, MA Curitiba prismatica (D.Legrand) Salywon & Landrum cerninho 26 14 74 - 1 - 2 S Microfanerophyte MA Eugenia involucrata DC. cerejeira-vermelha 1 2 1 1 5 1 - S Microfanerophyte Ce, MA Eugenia uniflora L. pitanga 1 1 - - 1 - - P Microfanerophyte Ce, MA, Pa Myrceugenia myrcioides (Cambess.) O.Berg guamirim - 1 5 1 - - - C Microfanerophyte MA Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. guamirim-chorão - - 2 - - - - S Microfanerophyte A, Ca, Ce, MA, Pn Picramniaceae Picramnia excelsa Kuhlm. ex Pirani pau-amargo 3 1 4 - - - 1 S Microfanerophyte MA Primulaceae Myrsine umbellata Mart. capororoca 1 - 2 - - - - S Microfanerophyte A, Ca, Ce, MA Proteaceae Roupala montana var. brasiliensis (Klotzsch) K.S.Edwards carvalho-verde - - - 1 - - - S Mesofanerophyte Ce, MA Rosaceae Prunus brasiliensis (Cham. & Schltdl.) D.Dietr. pessegueiro-bravo - - - - - 2 - - Microfanerophyte Ce, MA Rutaceae Citrus reticulata Blanco mimosa; mexerica - - 1 - - - - E Microfanerophyte Ce, MA (naturalized) Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. mamica-de-cadela - - - - 1 1 - S Microfanerophyte A, Ca, Ce, MA, Pa, Pn Salicaceae Casearia decandra Jacq. guaçatunga 2 1 - - 1 2 2 S Microfanerophyte A, Ca, Ce, MA Casearia obliqua Spreng. guaçatunga-vermelha 5 14 9 8 23 9 - S Microfanerophyte A, Ce, MA, Pa Casearia sylvestris Sw. guaçatunga-preta 6 - - 1 2 - 2 S Microfanerophyte A, Ca, Ce, MA, Pa, Pn Sapindaceae Allophylus edulis (A.St.-Hil. et al.) Hieron. ex Niederl. vacum 1 - 9 - - 1 - S Microfanerophyte A, Ca, Cerrado, MA, Pn Cupania vernalis Cambess. cuvantã - 1 14 2 2 3 10 P Mesofanerophyte A, Ce, MA Matayba elaeagnoides Radlk. miguel-pintado - - - - 1 1 - S Microfanerophyte Ce, MA Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Scop. fumo-brabo - 2 - - - - - S Microfanerophyte MA Vassobia breviflora (Sendtn.) Hunz. espora-de-galo 1 - - - - - - - Nanofanerophophyte MA Styracaceae Styrax leprosus Hook. & Arn. pau-de-remo - - 1 - - - - S Microfanerophyte MA Winteraceae Drimys brasiliensis Miers cataia - - 1 - - - 1 S Microfanerophyte Ca, Ce, MA Total individuals per caíva 290 225 244 326 235 249 132 Total of pioneer species per caíva 9 10 10 10 8 5 9 Total of secondary species per caíva 12 14 19 10 14 11 8 Total of climax species per caíva - 3 3 2 1 1 - Total of exotic species per caíva - - 1 - - - - Total of species without SS per caíva 2 3 2 3 2 3 1

Caíva	Municipality	Latitude / Longitude	Altitude	Mowing	Pasture (herbaceous cover)	Animal Capacity (UA.ha^-1)	Density Yerba Mate ^* * density categories established from the maximum and minimum numbers of yerba mate plants registered in the floristic survey conducted in the caívas studied, namely: high ≥ 280 plants.ha-1; mean = 161 to 280 plants.ha-1 ; low ≤ 161 plants.ha-1. (ind.ha-¹)
C1	Canoinhas	26°13’25” S 50°22’07” W	805 m	Annual	Oversowing	2.0	High
C2	Canoinhas	26°13’24” S 50°22’12” W	808 m	Annual	Perennial grass planted	2.0	Mean
C3	Canoinhas	26°09’36” S 50°27’42” W	810 m	Annual	Spontaneous native	0.35	Low
C4	Irineópolis	26°18’26” S 50°51’22” W	773 m	Quarterly	Spontaneous native	0.35	High
C5	Irineópolis	26°18’34” S 50°51’26” W	788 m	Quarterly	Oversowing	2.0	Mean
C6	Irineópolis	26°18’28” S 50°51’54” W	775 m	Annual	Spontaneous native	0.35	High
C7	Três Barras	26°09’52” S 50°19’24” W	814 m	Annual	Oversowing	2.0	Low

Local	AD	S	H’	var (H’)	J’
C1	580.00	23	1.59	0.0087	0.51
C2	478.72	30	1.79	0.0086	0.53
C3	519.15	35	2.65	0.0069	0.75
C4	665.31	25	1.14	0.0082	0.36
C5	470.00	25	1.87	0.0107	0.58
C6	541.30	20	1.09	0.0102	0.36
C7	293.33	18	2.13	0.0074	0.74

Caíva	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6	C7
C1	--
C2	-1.53	--
C3	-8.53	-6.95	--
C4	3.43 ^* * Indicates significant difference among caívas;	4.98 ^* * Indicates significant difference among caívas;	12.27 ^* * Indicates significant difference among caívas;	--
C5	-1.99	-0.55	5.95 ^* * Indicates significant difference among caívas;	-5.25	--
C6	3.64 ^* * Indicates significant difference among caívas;	5.12 ^* * Indicates significant difference among caívas;	11.98 ^* * Indicates significant difference among caívas;	0.41	5.38 ^* * Indicates significant difference among caívas;	--
C7	-4.28	-2.71	4.36 ^* * Indicates significant difference among caívas;	-7.89	-1.98	-7.86	--

Caíva	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6	C7
C1	1.00
C2	0.64	1.00
C3	0.48	0.65	1.00
C4	0.38	0.51	0.50	1.00
C5	0.50	0.58	0.50	0.64	1.00
C6	0.42	0.52	0.44	0.58	0.67	1.00
C7	0.49	0.46	0.53	0.47	0.47	0.32	1.00

Author	Inclusion Criteria	Area (ha)	S	AD (ind.ha-¹)	BA (m².ha^-1)	H’	J’	Species (higher VI)	ISø
This study	DBH ≥ 5 cm	0.5	18 to 35	293.3 to 665.3	10.12 to 13.31	1.09 to 2.65	0.36 to 0.74	Ilex paraguariensis, Araucaria angustifolia, Ocotea porosa, Ocotea puberula, Curitiba prismatica, Casearia obliqua, Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Annona rugulosa, Cinnamodendron dinisii, Cedrela fissilis.	--
	DBH ≥ 5 cm	(n = 7)	( $\bar{x}$ = 25.1; σ = ± 5.8) A	( $\bar{x}$ = 506.8; σ = ± 115.1) A	( $\bar{x}$ = 11.57; σ = ± 1.15) A	( $\bar{x}$ = 1.75; σ = ±0.55) A	( $\bar{x}$ = 0.54; σ = ± 0 .6) A		--
	DBH ≥ 10 cm	0.5	18 to 33	288.9 to 549	9.92 to 13.20	1.13 to 2.65	0.38 to 0.76	Ilex paraguariensis, Araucaria angustifolia, Ocotea porosa, Ocotea puberula, Curitiba prismatica, Casearia obliqua, Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Cupania vernalis, Annona rugulosa, Cinnamodendron dinisii.	--
	DBH ≥ 10 cm	(n = 7)	( $\bar{x}$ = 23.9; σ = ± 5.8) B	( $\bar{x}$ = 441.6; σ = ± 85) B	( $\bar{x}$ = 11.41; σ = ± 1.18)	( $\bar{x}$ = 1.77; σ = ± 0.53) B	( $\bar{x}$ = 0.56; σ = ± 0.15) B		--
Meyer et al. (2013) Meyer L, Sevegnani L, Gasper AL, Schorn LA, Vibrans AC, Lingner DV et al. Fitossociologia do componente arbóreo/arbustivo da FOM em Santa Catarina. In: Vibrans AC, Sevegnani L, Gasper AL, Lingner DV, editors. Inventário florístico florestal de Santa Catarina. Blumenau: Edifurb; 2013. (FOM; vol. III). (FOM/ SC)	DBH ≥ 10 cm; Heights up to 1,000 m s. n. m.	0.4	13 to 56	82.5 to 920	n. i.	1.87 to 3.51	0.53 to 0.95	Araucaria angustifolia, Dicksonia sellowiana, Matayba eleagnoides, Ocotea puberula, Lithrea brasiliensis, Clethra scabra, Ocotea porosa, Prunus myrtifolia, Nectandra megapotamica, Ocotea pulchella.	0.30
	DBH ≥ 10 cm; Heights up to 1,000 m s. n. m.	(n = 91)	( $\bar{x}$ = 37.9; σ = ± 10.2) b	( $\bar{x}$ = 507.3; σ = ± 188.8) B	( $\bar{x}$ = 21.2; σ = n. i.)	( $\bar{x}$ = 2.96; σ = ± 0.41) b	( $\bar{x}$ = 0.82; σ = ± 0.07) b		0.30
Hanisch et al. (2010) Hanisch AL, Vogt GA, Marques ADC, Bona LC, Bosse D. Estrutura e composição florística de cinco áreas de caíva no Planalto Norte de Santa Catarina. Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira 2010; 30(64): 303-310. (Caívas)	DBH ≥ 5 cm	1.0	18 to 42	217 to 978	8.27 to 19.88	2.13 to 3.31	0.73 to 0.88	Myrcia sp., Araucaria angustifolia, Ocotea porosa, Cinnamodendron dinisii, Ilex paraguariensis, Cupania vernalis, Gymnanthes klotzschiana, Ilex brevicuspis, Drimys brasiliensis, Clethra scabra.	0.40
	DBH ≥ 5 cm	(n = 5)	( $\bar{x}$ = 29.8; σ = ± 8.9) A	( $\bar{x}$ = 603.2; σ = ± 303.6) A	( $\bar{x}$ = 14.48; σ = ± 5.37) A	( $\bar{x}$ = 2.76; σ = ± 0.42) a	( $\bar{x}$ = 0.82; σ = ± 0.06) a		0.40
Klauberg et al. (2010) Klauberg C, Paludo GF, Bortoluzzi RLC, Mantovani A. Florística e estrutura de um fragmento de FOM no Planalto Catarinense. Biotemas 2010; 23(1): 35-47. (Conservation Units)	DBH ≥ 5 cm	0.16	46	843.7 to 1587.5	n. i.	n. i.	n. i.	Casearia decandra, Dicksonia sellowiana, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Cupania vernalis, Allophylus edulis, Clethra scabra, Matayba elaeagnoides, Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Myrcia splendens, Sapium glandulosum.	0.10
	DBH ≥ 5 cm	(n = 4)	( $\bar{x}$ = 11.5; σ = n. i.	( $\bar{x}$ = 1150; σ = ± 316) a	( $\bar{x}$ = 34.2; σ = n. i.)	( $\bar{x}$ = 3.05; σ = n. i.)	( $\bar{x}$ = 0.81; σ = n. i.)		0.10

[1] *Lígia Carolina Alcântara PinottiPós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Cabral, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brasil email: pinotti@ufpr.br

Brasil

Brasil

The Impact of Traditional Silvopastoral System on the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest Remnants

ABSTRACT