Empreendedorismo e construção da base de recursos

G. Brush, Candida; G. Greene, Patricia; M. Hart, Myra

doi:10.1590/S0034-75902002000100004

Resumos

Estratégias para obter vantagens competitivas enfatizam o desenvolvimento e a transformação dos recursos existentes em uma base de recursos única e de valor. Mas e se você ainda não tiver o legado das forças dos recursos? Empreendedores em organizações novas precisam, primeiramente, reunir recursos, para, então, combiná-los e construir uma plataforma de recursos que gerará capacidades diferenciais. Neste artigo, os estudos de casos ilustram os desafios enfrentados pelos empreendedores na identificação, atração, combinação e transformação dos recursos individuais em recursos organizacionais. São fornecidos dois instrumentos analíticos para avaliar as necessidades iniciais de recursos e desenvolver uma estratégia de recursos que intensifique as possibilidades de criação de valor. Essa abordagem fornece orientação para empreendedores que busquem construir uma base de recursos.

Estratégia; base de recursos; vantagem competitiva; organizações emergentes; empreendedorismo

Strategies for attaining competitive advantages emphasize developing and configuring existing resource strengths into a valuable and unique resource base. But what if you do not yet have a legacy of resource strengths? Entrepreneurs in emerging organizations must first assemble resources, then combine them to build a resource platform that will yield distinctive capabilities. The case studies included in this article illustrate the challenges entrepreneurs confront in identifying, attracting, combining, and transforming personal resources into organizational resources. We offer two analytical tools for assessing initial resource needs and developing a resource strategy that can enhance possibilities for wealth creation. Our pathway approach provides guidance for entrepreneurs constructing a resource base.

Strategy; resource base; competitive advantage; emerging organizations; entrepreneurship

FÓRUM AME DE ESTRATÉGIA E LIDERANÇA

Empreendedorismo e construção da base de recursos

Candida G. Brush^I; Patricia G. Greene^II; Myra M. Hart^III

^IProfessora Associada da Boston University. E-mail: cgbrush@bu.edu

^IITitular da Cadeira Ewing Marion Kauffman/Missouri de Liderança Empreendedora da University of Missouri-Kansas City. E-mail: greenep@umkc.edu

^IIIProfessora dos Programas de MBA e Educação Executiva da Harvard Business School. E-mail: mhart@hbs.edu

RESUMO

Estratégias para obter vantagens competitivas enfatizam o desenvolvimento e a transformação dos recursos existentes em uma base de recursos única e de valor. Mas e se você ainda não tiver o legado das forças dos recursos? Empreendedores em organizações novas precisam, primeiramente, reunir recursos, para, então, combiná-los e construir uma plataforma de recursos que gerará capacidades diferenciais. Neste artigo, os estudos de casos ilustram os desafios enfrentados pelos empreendedores na identificação, atração, combinação e transformação dos recursos individuais em recursos organizacionais. São fornecidos dois instrumentos analíticos para avaliar as necessidades iniciais de recursos e desenvolver uma estratégia de recursos que intensifique as possibilidades de criação de valor. Essa abordagem fornece orientação para empreendedores que busquem construir uma base de recursos.

Palavras-chave: Estratégia, base de recursos, vantagem competitiva, organizações emergentes, empreendedorismo.

ABSTRACT

Strategies for attaining competitive advantages emphasize developing and configuring existing resource strengths into a valuable and unique resource base. But what if you do not yet have a legacy of resource strengths? Entrepreneurs in emerging organizations must first assemble resources, then combine them to build a resource platform that will yield distinctive capabilities. The case studies included in this article illustrate the challenges entrepreneurs confront in identifying, attracting, combining, and transforming personal resources into organizational resources. We offer two analytical tools for assessing initial resource needs and developing a resource strategy that can enhance possibilities for wealth creation. Our pathway approach provides guidance for entrepreneurs constructing a resource base.

Key words: Strategy, resource base, competitive advantage, emerging organizations, entrepreneurship.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

ALDRICH, H. Organizations evolving London : Sage, 1999.
AMIT, R., SHOEMAKER, P. Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, v. 14, p. 33-46, 1993.
ANDREWS, K. The concept of corporate strategy Homewood, IL : Richard D. Irwin, 1971.
ARBAUGH, J., CAMP, M., VORHIES, D. Managing growth transitions in emerging firms: a conceptual integration of resource, knowledge and life cycle theory. In: ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT ANNUAL MEETING, 1999, Chicago. Paper.
BARNEY, J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, v. 1, n. 1, p. 99- 120, 1991.
BARON, R., BRUSH, C. The role of social skills in an entrepreneurs' success: evidence from videotapes of entrepreneur's presentations. In: BABSON-KAUFFMAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH CONFERENCE, 1999. Proceedings..1999. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research.
BARON, R. A., MARKMAN, G. D. Beyond social capital: how social skills can enhance entrepreneurs's success. The Academy of Management Executive, v. 14, n. 1, p.106-116, 2000.
BECKER, G. S. Human capital. New York : Columbia University Press, 1964.
BIRD, B. J. Entrepreneurial behavior Glenview, IL : Scott Foresman, 1989.
BRUNO, A., TYEBJEE, T. The environment for entrepreneurship. In: KENT, C., SEXTON, D., VESPER, K. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall, 1982. p. 288- 306.
CHANDLER, G., HANKS, S. H. Market attractiveness, resource-based capabilities, venture strategies and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 9, n. 4, p. 331-349, 1994.
COLLIS, D., MONTGOMERY, C. Competing on resources: strategy in the 1990's. Harvard Business Review, p. 118-128, July/Aug. 1995.
COVIN, J., SLEVIN, D. Content and performance of growth seeking strategies: a comparison of small firms in high and low technology industries. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 5, n. 6, p. 391- 412, 1990.
DAVIDSSON, P. A conceptual framework for the study of entrepreneurship and the competence to practice it Jönköping, Sweden : Jönköping International Business School, 2000. Working paper.
DEES, G., STARR, J. Entrepreneurship through an ethical lens: dilemmas and issues for research and practice. In: SEXTON, D. L., KASARDA, J. D. (Eds.). The state of the art of entrepreneurship Boston : PWS-Kent, 1992. p. 89-116.
FREEAR, J. E., WETZEL, W. The informal venture capital market in the 1990s. In: SEXTON, D. L., KASARDA, J. D. (Eds. ). The state of the art of entrepreneurship . Boston : PWS-Kent, 1992. p. 462-486.
GARTNER, W., BIRD, B., STARR, J. Acting as if: differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, v. 16, p. 13-30, 1992.
GLADE, W. Approaches to a theory of entrepreneurial formation. Explorations in Entrepreneurial History , v. 4, n. 3, p. 245-259, 1967.
GREENE, P. G., BROWN, T. Resource needs and the dynamic capitalism typology. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 12, n. 3, p. 161-174, 1997.
GREENE, P. G., BRUSH, C. G., BROWN, T. Resources in small firms: an exploratory study. Journal of Small Business Strategy, v. 8, n. 2, p. 25-40, 1997.
HANKS, S. et al. Tightening the life cycle construct: a taxonomic study of growth stage configuration in high-technology organizations. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice , v. 18, n. 2, p. 5-29, 1993.
HITT, M. et al. The development and use of strategic resources. In: HITT, M. et al. (Eds.). Dynamic strategic resources New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1999. p. 1-14.
KATZ, J. The dynamics of organizational emergence: a contemporany group formation perspective. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, p. 97-101, Winter 1993.
KATZ, J., GARTNER, W. Properties of emerging organizations Academy of Management Review, v. 13, p. 429-441, 1988.
KOGUT, B., ZANDER, U. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, v. 3, n. 3, p. 383- 397, 1992.
MGRATH, R. M. Falling forward: real options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure. Academy of Management Review, v. 24, n. 1, p. 13-31, 1999.
MILLER, D., SHAMSIE, J. The resource-based view of the firm in two environments: the Hollywood film studies from 1936-1965. Academy of Management Journal, v. 39, n. 3, p. 519-543, 1996.
NAHAPIET, J. , GHOSHAL, S. Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, v. 23, n. 2, p. 242-266, 1998.
NELSON, R., WINTER, S. Neoclassical vs. evolutionary theories of economic growth: critique and prospectus. Economic Journal, p. 886-905, Dec. 1974.
NELSON, R., WINTER, S. An evolutionary theory of economic change Cambridge, UK : Belknap Press, 1982.
PENROSE, E. The theory of growth of the firm New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1959.
PETERAFF, M. The cornerstones of competitive advantage: a resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, v. 14, n. 3, p. 179-192,1993.
PFEFFER, J., SALANCIK, G. External control of organizations New York : Harper & Row, 1978.
ROBERTS, E. Entrepreneurs in high technology New York : Oxford University Press, 1991.
SCHUMPETER, J. Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York : Harper & Row, 1934.
SCOTT, M., BRUCE, R. Five stages of growth in small businesses. Long Range Planning, v. 20, n. 3, p. 45-52,1980.
SHANE, S., VENKATARAMAN, S. The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, v. 25, n.1, p. 217-227, 2000.
STARR, J., MACMILLAN, I. Resource cooptation via social contracting: resource acquisition strategies for new ventures. Strategic Management Journal, v.11, p. 79-92,1990.
TIMMONS, J., BYGRAVE, W. Venture capital: reflections and projections. In: SEXTON, D. L., SMILOR, R. (Eds.). Entrepreneurship 2000 Chicago : Upstart Publishing, 1997. p. 29-46.
VENKATARAMAN, S. The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research: an editor's perspective. In: KATZ, J., BROCKHAUS, R. (Eds.). Advances in entrepreneurship research, firm emergence and growth Greenwich, CT : JAI Press, 1997.
VESPER, K. A. New venture strategies Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall, 1990.
VESPER, K. E. New venture experience Seattle : Vector Books, 1994.
WERNERFELT, B. A resource based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, v. 5, p. 171-180, 1984.
WERNERFELT, B. Methodological challenges facing the resource-based view of the firm: an agenda for future research. In: ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, Boston.
WEST, P., DECASTRO, J. Achilles Heel : distinctive inadequacies and resource weaknesses. University of Colorado, 1999. Working paper.
WRIGHT, P. M., SNELL, S. A. Toward a unifying framework for exploring fit and flexibility in human resource management. Academy of Management Review, v. 23, n. 4, p. 756-772, 1998.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
15 Fev 2011
Data do Fascículo
Mar 2002

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ALDRICH, H. Organizations evolving London : Sage, 1999.

[2] AMIT, R., SHOEMAKER, P. Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, v. 14, p. 33-46, 1993.

[3] ANDREWS, K. The concept of corporate strategy Homewood, IL : Richard D. Irwin, 1971.

[4] ARBAUGH, J., CAMP, M., VORHIES, D. Managing growth transitions in emerging firms: a conceptual integration of resource, knowledge and life cycle theory. In: ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT ANNUAL MEETING, 1999, Chicago. Paper.

[5] BARNEY, J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, v. 1, n. 1, p. 99- 120, 1991.

[6] BARON, R., BRUSH, C. The role of social skills in an entrepreneurs' success: evidence from videotapes of entrepreneur's presentations. In: BABSON-KAUFFMAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH CONFERENCE, 1999. Proceedings..1999. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research.

[7] BARON, R. A., MARKMAN, G. D. Beyond social capital: how social skills can enhance entrepreneurs's success. The Academy of Management Executive, v. 14, n. 1, p.106-116, 2000.

[8] BECKER, G. S. Human capital. New York : Columbia University Press, 1964.

[9] BIRD, B. J. Entrepreneurial behavior Glenview, IL : Scott Foresman, 1989.

[10] BRUNO, A., TYEBJEE, T. The environment for entrepreneurship. In: KENT, C., SEXTON, D., VESPER, K. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall, 1982. p. 288- 306.

[11] CHANDLER, G., HANKS, S. H. Market attractiveness, resource-based capabilities, venture strategies and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 9, n. 4, p. 331-349, 1994.

[12] COLLIS, D., MONTGOMERY, C. Competing on resources: strategy in the 1990's. Harvard Business Review, p. 118-128, July/Aug. 1995.

[13] COVIN, J., SLEVIN, D. Content and performance of growth seeking strategies: a comparison of small firms in high and low technology industries. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 5, n. 6, p. 391- 412, 1990.

[14] DAVIDSSON, P. A conceptual framework for the study of entrepreneurship and the competence to practice it Jönköping, Sweden : Jönköping International Business School, 2000. Working paper.

[15] DEES, G., STARR, J. Entrepreneurship through an ethical lens: dilemmas and issues for research and practice. In: SEXTON, D. L., KASARDA, J. D. (Eds.). The state of the art of entrepreneurship Boston : PWS-Kent, 1992. p. 89-116.

[16] FREEAR, J. E., WETZEL, W. The informal venture capital market in the 1990s. In: SEXTON, D. L., KASARDA, J. D. (Eds. ). The state of the art of entrepreneurship . Boston : PWS-Kent, 1992. p. 462-486.

[17] GARTNER, W., BIRD, B., STARR, J. Acting as if: differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, v. 16, p. 13-30, 1992.

[18] GLADE, W. Approaches to a theory of entrepreneurial formation. Explorations in Entrepreneurial History , v. 4, n. 3, p. 245-259, 1967.

[19] GREENE, P. G., BROWN, T. Resource needs and the dynamic capitalism typology. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 12, n. 3, p. 161-174, 1997.

[20] GREENE, P. G., BRUSH, C. G., BROWN, T. Resources in small firms: an exploratory study. Journal of Small Business Strategy, v. 8, n. 2, p. 25-40, 1997.

[21] HANKS, S. et al. Tightening the life cycle construct: a taxonomic study of growth stage configuration in high-technology organizations. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice , v. 18, n. 2, p. 5-29, 1993.

[22] HITT, M. et al. The development and use of strategic resources. In: HITT, M. et al. (Eds.). Dynamic strategic resources New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1999. p. 1-14.

[23] KATZ, J. The dynamics of organizational emergence: a contemporany group formation perspective. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, p. 97-101, Winter 1993.

[24] KATZ, J., GARTNER, W. Properties of emerging organizations Academy of Management Review, v. 13, p. 429-441, 1988.

[25] KOGUT, B., ZANDER, U. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, v. 3, n. 3, p. 383- 397, 1992.

[26] MGRATH, R. M. Falling forward: real options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure. Academy of Management Review, v. 24, n. 1, p. 13-31, 1999.

[27] MILLER, D., SHAMSIE, J. The resource-based view of the firm in two environments: the Hollywood film studies from 1936-1965. Academy of Management Journal, v. 39, n. 3, p. 519-543, 1996.

[28] NAHAPIET, J. , GHOSHAL, S. Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, v. 23, n. 2, p. 242-266, 1998.

[29] NELSON, R., WINTER, S. Neoclassical vs. evolutionary theories of economic growth: critique and prospectus. Economic Journal, p. 886-905, Dec. 1974.

[30] NELSON, R., WINTER, S. An evolutionary theory of economic change Cambridge, UK : Belknap Press, 1982.

[31] PENROSE, E. The theory of growth of the firm New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1959.

[32] PETERAFF, M. The cornerstones of competitive advantage: a resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, v. 14, n. 3, p. 179-192,1993.

[33] PFEFFER, J., SALANCIK, G. External control of organizations New York : Harper & Row, 1978.

[34] ROBERTS, E. Entrepreneurs in high technology New York : Oxford University Press, 1991.

[35] SCHUMPETER, J. Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York : Harper & Row, 1934.

[36] SCOTT, M., BRUCE, R. Five stages of growth in small businesses. Long Range Planning, v. 20, n. 3, p. 45-52,1980.

[37] SHANE, S., VENKATARAMAN, S. The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, v. 25, n.1, p. 217-227, 2000.

[38] STARR, J., MACMILLAN, I. Resource cooptation via social contracting: resource acquisition strategies for new ventures. Strategic Management Journal, v.11, p. 79-92,1990.

[39] TIMMONS, J., BYGRAVE, W. Venture capital: reflections and projections. In: SEXTON, D. L., SMILOR, R. (Eds.). Entrepreneurship 2000 Chicago : Upstart Publishing, 1997. p. 29-46.

[40] VENKATARAMAN, S. The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research: an editor's perspective. In: KATZ, J., BROCKHAUS, R. (Eds.). Advances in entrepreneurship research, firm emergence and growth Greenwich, CT : JAI Press, 1997.

[41] VESPER, K. A. New venture strategies Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall, 1990.

[42] VESPER, K. E. New venture experience Seattle : Vector Books, 1994.

[43] WERNERFELT, B. A resource based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, v. 5, p. 171-180, 1984.

[44] WERNERFELT, B. Methodological challenges facing the resource-based view of the firm: an agenda for future research. In: ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, Boston.

[45] WEST, P., DECASTRO, J. Achilles Heel : distinctive inadequacies and resource weaknesses. University of Colorado, 1999. Working paper.

[46] WRIGHT, P. M., SNELL, S. A. Toward a unifying framework for exploring fit and flexibility in human resource management. Academy of Management Review, v. 23, n. 4, p. 756-772, 1998.

Brasil

Brasil

Empreendedorismo e construção da base de recursos

Resumos

Datas de Publicação