Destino de adubos nitrogenados marcados com 15N em amostras de dois solos da Amazônia central

Alfaia, S. S.

doi:10.1590/S0100-06831997000300005

Resumos

Foi estudado, em condições de casa de vegetação, em Nancy (França), em 1992, o destino de duas formas de fertilizantes nitrogenados, marcados com 15N, sulfato de amônio e uréia, em amostras do horizonte A de dois principais solos da Amazônia Central, classificados como latossolo amarelo e podzólico vermelho-amarelo. A planta teste foi o "rye-grass" da Itália (Lolium multiflorum L.). Em ambos os solos, a uréia foi mais bem utilizada do que o sulfato de amônio. Entre 60 e 70% do N aplicado como uréia foi absorvido pela planta, enquanto, com a aplicação de sulfato de amônio, esses valores variaram entre 44 e 49%. O balanço do 15N no final do ciclo da cultura mostrou que a imobilização do N nos dois solos foi maior na presença de uréia que na de sulfato de amônio. As perdas, estimadas por diferença, foram mais elevadas no tratamento com sulfato de amônio. Considerando que perdas por lixiviação foram praticamente nulas com a técnica de cultivo utilizada, elas devem ter ocorrido essencialmente por via gasosa.

15N; fertilizantes nitrogenados; Latossolo; podzólico; Amazônia Central

The efficiency of two nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium sulphate and urea, labelled with 15N, in two major Central-Amazonian soils (Yellow Latosol - an Oxisol and Red-Yellow Podzolic - an Ultisol), was studied in greenhouse experiments in Nancy, France, 1992. Italian rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum L.) was used as the test plant. Rye-grass nitrogen uptake of ammonium sulphate ranged from 44 to 49%, and of urea from 60 to 70%. Immobilization and losses of nitrogen were dependent on the fertilizer type. Microbial nitrogen immobilization was higher in the presence of urea, while losses were higher with ammonium sulphate. Since losses of nitrogen fertilizers from leaching were practically nil under the experimental conditions, they might have occurred mainly through gaseous form.

15N; nitrogen fertilizer; Oxisol; Ultisol; Central Amazon

SEÇÃO IV - FERTILIDADE DO SOLO E NUTRIÇÃO DE PLANTAS

Destino de adubos nitrogenados marcados com ¹⁵N em amostras de dois solos da Amazônia central(¹ (1 ) Parte da Tese de Doutorado da autora junto à École National Supérieure d'Agriculture et des Industries Alimentaire, Nancy, França, 1993. Trabalho apresentado na XXI Reunião Brasileira de Fertilidade do Solo e Nutrição de Plantas, em Petrolina (PE), de 28/8 a 2/9 de 1994. )

Fate of nitrogen fertilizers labelled with ¹⁵N in two soil samples of central Amazon, Brazil

S. S. Alfaia

Pesquisadora do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Caixa Postal 478, CEP 69083-000, Manaus (AM)

RESUMO

Foi estudado, em condições de casa de vegetação, em Nancy (França), em 1992, o destino de duas formas de fertilizantes nitrogenados, marcados com ¹⁵N, sulfato de amônio e uréia, em amostras do horizonte A de dois principais solos da Amazônia Central, classificados como latossolo amarelo e podzólico vermelho-amarelo. A planta teste foi o "rye-grass" da Itália (Lolium multiflorum L.). Em ambos os solos, a uréia foi mais bem utilizada do que o sulfato de amônio. Entre 60 e 70% do N aplicado como uréia foi absorvido pela planta, enquanto, com a aplicação de sulfato de amônio, esses valores variaram entre 44 e 49%. O balanço do ¹⁵N no final do ciclo da cultura mostrou que a imobilização do N nos dois solos foi maior na presença de uréia que na de sulfato de amônio. As perdas, estimadas por diferença, foram mais elevadas no tratamento com sulfato de amônio. Considerando que perdas por lixiviação foram praticamente nulas com a técnica de cultivo utilizada, elas devem ter ocorrido essencialmente por via gasosa.

Termos de indexação: ¹⁵N, fertilizantes nitrogenados, Latossolo, podzólico, Amazônia Central.

SUMMARY

The efficiency of two nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium sulphate and urea, labelled with ¹⁵N, in two major Central-Amazonian soils (Yellow Latosol - an Oxisol and Red-Yellow Podzolic - an Ultisol), was studied in greenhouse experiments in Nancy, France, 1992. Italian rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum L.) was used as the test plant. Rye-grass nitrogen uptake of ammonium sulphate ranged from 44 to 49%, and of urea from 60 to 70%. Immobilization and losses of nitrogen were dependent on the fertilizer type. Microbial nitrogen immobilization was higher in the presence of urea, while losses were higher with ammonium sulphate. Since losses of nitrogen fertilizers from leaching were practically nil under the experimental conditions, they might have occurred mainly through gaseous form.

Index terms:¹⁵N, nitrogen fertilizer, Oxisol, Ultisol, Central Amazon.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em julho de 1995

Aprovado em maio de 1997

ADAMS, F. & MARTIN, J.B. Liming effects on nitrogen. Use and efficiency. In: HAUCK, R.D., ed. Nitrogen in crop production. Madison, American Society of Agronomy, 1984. p.417-426.
ALFAIA, S.S.; JACQUIN, F. & GUIRAUD, G. Transformation of nitrogen fertilizers in Brazilian Amazonia soils. ASRR, New York, 9:335-340, 1995.
ALFAIA, S.S.; JACQUIN, F.; GUIRAUD, G.; MURAOKA, T. & RIBEIRO, G.A. Devenir des fertilisants azotes dans un Ultisol de l'Amazonie Brésilienne. In: Troisièmes Journées Nationales de l'Étude des Sols. Lausanne, 1992. Resumos. Lausanne, Association Française pour l'Etude du Sol. 1992. p.1.
AWAD, A.S. & EDWARDS, D.G. Reversal of effects of heavy ammonium sulfate on growth and nutrient status of a kikuyu pasture. Plant Soil, The Hague, 48:169-183, 1977.
AZAM, F.; LODHI, A. & ASHRAF, M. Interaction of 15N-labelled ammonium nitrogen with native soil nitrogen during incubation and growth maize (Zea mays L.). Soil Biol. Biochem., Oxford, 17:625-630, 1991.
BROADBENT, F.E. & NAKASHIMA, T. Plant recovery of immobilized nitrogen in greenhouse experiments. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., Madison, 29:692-696, 1965.
COELHO, A.M.; FRANÇA, F.E.; BAHIA, A.F.C. & GUEDES, G.A.A. Balanço de nitrogênio (15N) em um latossolo vermelho-escuro, sob vegetação de cerrado, cultivado com milho. R. bras. Ci. Solo, Campinas, 15:187-193, 1991.
FIEDLER, R. & PROKSCH, G. The determination of nitrogen 15 by emission and mass spectrometry in biochemical analysis: a review. Anal. Chim. Acta, Amsterdam, 78:1-62, 1975.
GUIRAUD, G. Contribution du marquage isotopique a l'évaluation des transferts d'azote entre les compartiments organique et minéraux dans les systèmes sol-plante. Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 1984. 335p. (Tese de Doutoramento)
GUIRAUD, G. & FARDEAU J.C. Dosage par la méthode Kjeldahl des nitrates contenus dans les sols et les vegetaux. Ann. Agron., Paris, 28:329-333, 1977.
HART, P.B.S.; RAYNER, J.H. & JENKINSON, D.S. Influence of pool substitution on the interpretation of fertilizer experiments with ¹⁵N. J. Soil Sci., Oxford, 37:389-403, 1986.
JACQUIN, F. & VONG, P.C. Incorporation of a nitrogen fertilizer in the humified compounds of a typic hapludalf. Sc. Total Environ., Amsterdam, 81/82:465-469, 1989.
JENKINSON, D.S.; FOX, R.H. & RAYNER, J.H. Interaction between fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen. The so-called "priming" effect. J. Soil Sci., Oxford, 36:425-444, 1985.
MACHET, J.M.; PIERRE, D.; RECOUS, S. & REMY, J.C. Signification du coefficient réel d'utilisation et conséquences pour la fertilisation azotée des cultures. C. R. Acad. Agric. Fr., Paris, 73:39-55, 1987.
MARTIN, F.; MAUDINAS, B.; CHEMARDIN, M. & GADAL, P. Preparation of submicrogram nitrogen samples for isotope analysis by GS1 emission spectrometer. IARI, Londres, 32:215-217, 1981.
MARTINEZ, J. Intervention d'une culture dérobée de ray-grass sur les transferts d'azote dans le système sol/plante/eau lors d'une succession culturale blé/maïs. Étude par traçage isotopique ¹⁵N au cours d'essais au champ et en lysimètres. Perpignan, Université de Perpignan, 1989. 183p. (Tese de Doutoramento)
OKEREKE, G.U. & MEINTS V.W. Immediate immobilisation of labeled ammonium sulfate and urea nitrogen in soils. Soil Sci., Baltimore, 140:105-109, 1985.
PERTTI, J.M. Nitrification in forest soils of different pH as affected by urea, ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate. Soil Biol. Biochem., Oxford, 17:363-367, 1985.
REMY, J.C. & VIAUX, P. The use of nitrogen fertilizers in intensive wheat growing in France. Proc. Fertil. Soc. London, 211:67-92, 1982.
SANCHEZ, P.A.; BANDY, D.E.; VILLACHICA, J.H. & NICHOLAIDES, I. Amazon Basin soils: management for continuous crop production. Science, Washington, 216:821-827, 1982.
SANCHEZ, P.A. & SALINAS,J.G. Low-input technology for managing LA and PVA in tropical America. Adv. Agron., New York, 34:279-406, 1981.
SANCHEZ, P.A.; VILLACHICA, J.H. & BAND, D.E. Soil fertility dinamics after clearing a tropical rainforest in Peru. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., Madison, 47:1171-1178, 1983.
SMITH, C.J. & CHALK, P.M. Comparison of the efficiency of urea, aqueous ammonia and ammonium sulphate as nitrogen fertilizers. Plant Soil, The Hague, 55:333-337, 1980.
SMYTH, T.J.; CRAVO, M.S. & BASTOS, J.B. Soil nutrient dynamics and fertility management for sustained crop production on LAs in the Brazilian Amazon. In: CAUDLE, N. & McCANTS, C.B., eds. Raleigh, North Carolina State University, 1987. p.88-94. (TropSoils technical report 1985-1986)
TYLER, K.B. & BROADBENT, F.E. Nitrogen uptake by ryegrass from three tagged ammonium fertilizers. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., Madison, 22:231-234, 1958.
van WAMBEKE, A. Soils of the tropics: properties and appraisal. 1 ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1992. 333p.
WESTERMAN, R.L. & TUCKER T.C. Effect of salts and salts plus nitrogen-15-labelled ammonium chloride on mineralization of soil nitrogen, nitrification and immobilization. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., Madison, 38:602-605, 1974.
WICKRAMASINGHE, K.N. & TALIBUDEEN, O. Denitrification in a very acid tropical soil. J. Soil Sci., Oxford, 32:119-131, 1981.
WICKRAMASINGHE, K.N.; RODGERS, G.A. & JENKINSON, D.S. Tranformations of nitrogen fertilizers in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem., Oxford, 17:625-630, 1985.

(1

) Parte da Tese de Doutorado da autora junto à École National Supérieure d'Agriculture et des Industries Alimentaire, Nancy, França, 1993. Trabalho apresentado na XXI Reunião Brasileira de Fertilidade do Solo e Nutrição de Plantas, em Petrolina (PE), de 28/8 a 2/9 de 1994.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
08 Out 2014
Data do Fascículo
Set 1997

Histórico

Recebido
Jul 1995
Aceito
Maio 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ADAMS, F. & MARTIN, J.B. Liming effects on nitrogen. Use and efficiency. In: HAUCK, R.D., ed. Nitrogen in crop production. Madison, American Society of Agronomy, 1984. p.417-426.

[2] ALFAIA, S.S.; JACQUIN, F. & GUIRAUD, G. Transformation of nitrogen fertilizers in Brazilian Amazonia soils. ASRR, New York, 9:335-340, 1995.

[3] ALFAIA, S.S.; JACQUIN, F.; GUIRAUD, G.; MURAOKA, T. & RIBEIRO, G.A. Devenir des fertilisants azotes dans un Ultisol de l'Amazonie Brésilienne. In: Troisièmes Journées Nationales de l'Étude des Sols. Lausanne, 1992. Resumos. Lausanne, Association Française pour l'Etude du Sol. 1992. p.1.

[4] AWAD, A.S. & EDWARDS, D.G. Reversal of effects of heavy ammonium sulfate on growth and nutrient status of a kikuyu pasture. Plant Soil, The Hague, 48:169-183, 1977.

[5] AZAM, F.; LODHI, A. & ASHRAF, M. Interaction of 15N-labelled ammonium nitrogen with native soil nitrogen during incubation and growth maize (Zea mays L.). Soil Biol. Biochem., Oxford, 17:625-630, 1991.

[6] BROADBENT, F.E. & NAKASHIMA, T. Plant recovery of immobilized nitrogen in greenhouse experiments. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., Madison, 29:692-696, 1965.

[7] COELHO, A.M.; FRANÇA, F.E.; BAHIA, A.F.C. & GUEDES, G.A.A. Balanço de nitrogênio (15N) em um latossolo vermelho-escuro, sob vegetação de cerrado, cultivado com milho. R. bras. Ci. Solo, Campinas, 15:187-193, 1991.

[8] FIEDLER, R. & PROKSCH, G. The determination of nitrogen 15 by emission and mass spectrometry in biochemical analysis: a review. Anal. Chim. Acta, Amsterdam, 78:1-62, 1975.

[9] GUIRAUD, G. Contribution du marquage isotopique a l'évaluation des transferts d'azote entre les compartiments organique et minéraux dans les systèmes sol-plante. Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 1984. 335p. (Tese de Doutoramento)

[10] GUIRAUD, G. & FARDEAU J.C. Dosage par la méthode Kjeldahl des nitrates contenus dans les sols et les vegetaux. Ann. Agron., Paris, 28:329-333, 1977.

[11] HART, P.B.S.; RAYNER, J.H. & JENKINSON, D.S. Influence of pool substitution on the interpretation of fertilizer experiments with ¹⁵N. J. Soil Sci., Oxford, 37:389-403, 1986.

[12] JACQUIN, F. & VONG, P.C. Incorporation of a nitrogen fertilizer in the humified compounds of a typic hapludalf. Sc. Total Environ., Amsterdam, 81/82:465-469, 1989.

[13] JENKINSON, D.S.; FOX, R.H. & RAYNER, J.H. Interaction between fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen. The so-called "priming" effect. J. Soil Sci., Oxford, 36:425-444, 1985.

[14] MACHET, J.M.; PIERRE, D.; RECOUS, S. & REMY, J.C. Signification du coefficient réel d'utilisation et conséquences pour la fertilisation azotée des cultures. C. R. Acad. Agric. Fr., Paris, 73:39-55, 1987.

[15] MARTIN, F.; MAUDINAS, B.; CHEMARDIN, M. & GADAL, P. Preparation of submicrogram nitrogen samples for isotope analysis by GS1 emission spectrometer. IARI, Londres, 32:215-217, 1981.

[16] MARTINEZ, J. Intervention d'une culture dérobée de ray-grass sur les transferts d'azote dans le système sol/plante/eau lors d'une succession culturale blé/maïs. Étude par traçage isotopique ¹⁵N au cours d'essais au champ et en lysimètres. Perpignan, Université de Perpignan, 1989. 183p. (Tese de Doutoramento)

[17] OKEREKE, G.U. & MEINTS V.W. Immediate immobilisation of labeled ammonium sulfate and urea nitrogen in soils. Soil Sci., Baltimore, 140:105-109, 1985.

[18] PERTTI, J.M. Nitrification in forest soils of different pH as affected by urea, ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate. Soil Biol. Biochem., Oxford, 17:363-367, 1985.

[19] REMY, J.C. & VIAUX, P. The use of nitrogen fertilizers in intensive wheat growing in France. Proc. Fertil. Soc. London, 211:67-92, 1982.

[20] SANCHEZ, P.A.; BANDY, D.E.; VILLACHICA, J.H. & NICHOLAIDES, I. Amazon Basin soils: management for continuous crop production. Science, Washington, 216:821-827, 1982.

[21] SANCHEZ, P.A. & SALINAS,J.G. Low-input technology for managing LA and PVA in tropical America. Adv. Agron., New York, 34:279-406, 1981.

[22] SANCHEZ, P.A.; VILLACHICA, J.H. & BAND, D.E. Soil fertility dinamics after clearing a tropical rainforest in Peru. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., Madison, 47:1171-1178, 1983.

[23] SMITH, C.J. & CHALK, P.M. Comparison of the efficiency of urea, aqueous ammonia and ammonium sulphate as nitrogen fertilizers. Plant Soil, The Hague, 55:333-337, 1980.

[24] SMYTH, T.J.; CRAVO, M.S. & BASTOS, J.B. Soil nutrient dynamics and fertility management for sustained crop production on LAs in the Brazilian Amazon. In: CAUDLE, N. & McCANTS, C.B., eds. Raleigh, North Carolina State University, 1987. p.88-94. (TropSoils technical report 1985-1986)

[25] TYLER, K.B. & BROADBENT, F.E. Nitrogen uptake by ryegrass from three tagged ammonium fertilizers. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., Madison, 22:231-234, 1958.

[26] van WAMBEKE, A. Soils of the tropics: properties and appraisal. 1 ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1992. 333p.

[27] WESTERMAN, R.L. & TUCKER T.C. Effect of salts and salts plus nitrogen-15-labelled ammonium chloride on mineralization of soil nitrogen, nitrification and immobilization. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., Madison, 38:602-605, 1974.

[28] WICKRAMASINGHE, K.N. & TALIBUDEEN, O. Denitrification in a very acid tropical soil. J. Soil Sci., Oxford, 32:119-131, 1981.

[29] WICKRAMASINGHE, K.N.; RODGERS, G.A. & JENKINSON, D.S. Tranformations of nitrogen fertilizers in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem., Oxford, 17:625-630, 1985.

Brasil

Brasil

Destino de adubos nitrogenados marcados com 15N em amostras de dois solos da Amazônia central

Fate of nitrogen fertilizers labelled with 15N in two soil samples of central Amazon, Brazil

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico