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Performance of Three Single Instrument Systems in the Preparation of Long Oval Canals

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Wave One, Easy ProDesign Logic and One Shape systems in the preparation of long oval root canals. Forty-two mandibular incisors were randomized into three groups: Group I, Wave One Primary (WO) (#25.08); Group II, Easy ProDesign Logic (EPL) (#25.06) and Group III, One Shape (OS) (#25.06). Micro-computed tomography scans were obtained pre- and post-preparation of the samples. Instrument fractures or loss of working length did not occur in any of the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in total root canal volume between the WO and EPL (p<0.05) and OS systems (p<0.05) The mean percentages of instrumented canal area in the middle thirds were 76.9% in the WO, 62.3% in the EPL and 71.8% in the OS (p>0.05). The OS system had the strongest correlation between volume increase and instrumented area (R=0.63). The WO, EPL and OS systems presented mean preparation times of 2.13 min, 0.54 min, and 2.21 min (p<0.05), respectively. All three systems enabled the safe preparation of long oval root canals. The WO system most effectively increased root canal volume, but it did not affect the instrumented areas. The OS system had the strongest correlation between volume increase and instrumented area, while the EPL system was the fastest.

Key Words:
endodontics; micro-computed tomography; root canal preparation; rotary instrumentation.

Resumo

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas Wave One, Easy ProDesign Logic e One Shape no preparo de canais radiculares ovais. Quarenta e dois incisivos inferiores foram randomizados em três grupos: Grupo I, Wave One primary (WO) (#25.08); Grupo II, Easy ProDesign Logic (EPL) (#25.06) e Grupo III, One Shape (OS) (#25.06). As amostras foram submetidas a microtomografia computadorizada antes e após o preparo. Não ocorreram fraturas de instrumento ou perda de comprimento de trabalho em qualquer dos três grupos. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante no volume total do canal radicular entre o WO e EPL. A média do percentual de área instrumentada do canal no terço médio foi 76,9% no grupo WO, 62,3% no grupo EPL e 71,8% no grupo OS (p>0,05). O sistema OS teve a correlação mais forte entre o aumento de volume e área instrumentada (R=0,63). Os sistemas WO, EPL e OS apresentaram tempos de preparo médios de 2,13 min, 0,54 min e 2,21 min (p<0,05). Todos os três sistemas foram seguros no preparo canais radiculares ovais. O sistema WO foi mais eficaz no aumento do volume de canal, entretanto, isso não afetou as áreas instrumentadas. O sistema OS teve a correlação mais forte entre o aumento de volume e área instrumentada, enquanto o sistema EPL foi o mais rápido.

Introduction

The evolution of root canal preparation involves constant technical modifications and frequent introduction of novel instruments to the market. Automated single-instrument systems are designed to reduce preparation time, instrument wear and cross-contamination risk. Despite their high cost, these systems offer several mechanical and biological advantages, such as the elimination of possible prior cross-contamination and decreased instrument fatigue associated with the single use 11. Yared, G. Canal preparation using only one Ni-Ti rotary instrument: preliminary observations. Int Endod J. 2008;41:339-344..

The Wave One (WO) system (Denstply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), manufactured from M-wire alloy is available in three different sizes: small (#21.06), primary (#25.08) and large (#40.08). It features a continuous tapered shape from the tip to the coronal end that ranges from 0.8 to 0.55 mm. Its cross-section varies through the length of its active part. At the tip end, the cross-section is a convex triangle with a radial land. Throughout the remainder of the instrument, the cross-section changes to a convex triangle with a neutral angle in the region closest to the hilt, similar to the F2 instrument of the ProTaper system 22 Bürklein, S; Hinschitza, K; Dammaschke, T; Schäfer, E. Shaping ability and cleaning effectiveness of two single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth: Reciproc and Wave One versus Mtwo and ProTaper. Int Endod J 2012;45:449-461.. The movement of the WO system is reciprocating; alternating anti-clockwise and clockwise angles ensure greater resistance 11. Yared, G. Canal preparation using only one Ni-Ti rotary instrument: preliminary observations. Int Endod J. 2008;41:339-344.,33. Kim, JW; Ha, JH; Cheung, GSP; Versluis, A; Kwak, SW; Kim, HC. Safety of the factory preset rotation angle of reciprocating instruments. J Endod 2014;40:1671-1675..

The One Shape (OS) system (Micro Mega, Besançon, France), composed of a 55-nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy, is a single instrument that features continuous rotation for performing a complete root canal preparation. The instrument has a #25 initial diameter and 0.06 mm taper and presents variable cross-sections across the length of its active portion 44. Dhingra, A; Ruhal, N; Miglani, A. Evaluation of single file systems Reciproc, Oneshape and Wave One using cone beam computed tomography - an in vitro study. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:ZC30-34.. At the tip, the cross-section displays three sharp angles that merge along the instrument, forming only two angles, or S-shapes, in the region closest to the hilt. The pitch of the instrument is also variable 55. Bürklein, S; Benten, S; Schäfer, E. Shaping ability of different single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. Int Endod J 2013;46:590-597..

Another system that aims to unite the concepts of a single instrument and continuous rotation is the Easy ProDesign Logic (EPL) (Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil), with a nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy and CM heat treatment, it is available in four different sizes: 25.06, 30.05, 35.05 and 40.05mm 66. Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos {homepage}. Limas Easy ProDesign Logic. Available at: http://www.easy.odo.br/limas/limas-easy-prodesign-logic/s.d .
http://www.easy.odo.br/limas/limas-easy-...
. The NiTi-base instrument features a modified S-shaped cross-section with two or three cutting blades and an inactive tip.

The shaping ability and clinical efficiency of single instrument systems have been widely studied 77. Topcu, KM; Karatas, E; Ozsu, D; Ersoy, I. Efficiency of the Self Adjusting File, Wave One, Reciproc, ProTaper and hand files in root canal debridement. Eur J Dent 2014;8:326-329.,88. Gergi, R; Osta, N; Bourbouze, G; Zgheib, C; Arbab-Chirani, R; Naaman, A. Effects of three nickel titanium instrument systems on root canal geometry assessed by micro-computed tomography. Int Endod J 2015;48:162-170.,99. Park, SK; Kim, YJ; Shon, WJ; You, SY; Moon, YM; Kim, HC et al.. Clinical efficiency and reusability of the reciprocating nickel-titanium instruments according to the root canal anatomy. Scanning 2014;36:246-251.. In particular, the WO system has been extensively evaluated, but few studies have compared its effectiveness in root canal preparations with the OS system 44. Dhingra, A; Ruhal, N; Miglani, A. Evaluation of single file systems Reciproc, Oneshape and Wave One using cone beam computed tomography - an in vitro study. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:ZC30-34.,55. Bürklein, S; Benten, S; Schäfer, E. Shaping ability of different single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. Int Endod J 2013;46:590-597.,1010. Saleh, AM; Gilani, PV; Tavanafar, S; Schafer, E. Shaping ability of 4 different single-file systems in simulated S-shaped canals. J Endod 2015;41:548-552. and no studies investigated the EPL system.

The complex anatomy of the root canal system often presents a challenge to endodontic treatment success. Oval and long-oval canals are challenging in terms of cleaning, shaping and obturation, caused by the greater buccolingual dimension and consequent non-instrumented recesses 77. Topcu, KM; Karatas, E; Ozsu, D; Ersoy, I. Efficiency of the Self Adjusting File, Wave One, Reciproc, ProTaper and hand files in root canal debridement. Eur J Dent 2014;8:326-329.,1111. Wu, M-K; Wesselink, PR. A primary observation on the preparation and obturation of oval canals. Int Endod J 2001;34:137-141..

Preparation quality can be assessed by volume increase and the unprepared root canal surface area 1212. Busquim, S; Cunha, RS; Freire, L; Gavini, G; Machado, ME; Santos, M. A micro-computed tomography evaluation of long-oval canal preparation using reciprocating or rotary systems. Int Endod J 2015;48:1001-1006.. Root canal preparation effectiveness is directly related to removal of the contaminated dentin to eliminate bacteria and their products 1313. Schilder, H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin N Am 1974;18:269-276.,1414. Schäfer, E; Erler, M; Dammaschke, T. Comparative study on the shaping ability and cleaning efficiency of rotary Mtwo instruments. Part 2. Cleaning effectiveness and shaping ability in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. Int Endod J. 2006;39:203-212.,1515. Neves MA; Provenzano, JC; Rôças, IN; Siqueira, JF. Clinical antibacterial effectiveness of root canal preparation with reciprocating single-instrument or continuously rotating multi-instrument systems. J Endod 2016;42:25-29.. However, in oval and long-oval canals because of the non-instrumented regions, it is important to correlate the increased volume and instrumented areas, so that the possible excess removal of the mesiodistal dentin walls does not create a false impression that the entire canal was prepared.

This study evaluated the performance of the WO, EPL and OS single instruments in the preparation of long oval canals by assessing volume increases and instrumented areas. Preparation times, working length maintenance and instrument fracture frequency were also observed.

Material and Methods

This study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Positivo University (Processo #815.392/2014).

Sample Selection and Specimen Preparation

Human permanent mandibular incisors were used. For sample selection, all teeth were scanned with dental cone beam computed tomography (I-Cat (r); Kavo - Imaging Science International, Hatfield, PA, USA) and single oval and long oval-shaped canals (buccolingual diameter 2 times larger than the mesiodistal diameter at 5 mm from the root apex) 1616. Wu, M-K; Roris, A, Barkis, D; Wesselink, PR. Prevalence and extent of long oval canals in the apical third. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:739-743.,1717. Keles, A; Simsek, N; Alcin, H; Ahmetoglu, F; Yologlu, S. Retreatment of flat-oval root canals with a self-adjusting file: an SEM study. Dent Mater J 2014;33:786-791.,1818. Ma, J; Al-Ashaw, AJ; Shen, Y; Gao, Y; Yang, Y; Zhang, C et al.. Efficacy of ProTaper Universal Rotary Retreatment system for gutta-percha removal from oval root canals: a micro-computed tomography study. J Endod 2012;38:1516-1520.,1919. Rechenberg, DK; Paque, F. Impact of cross-sectional root canal shape on filled canal volume and remaining root filling material after retreatment. Int Endod J 2013;46:547-555.,2020. Pereira, RD; Brito-Júnior, M; Leoni, GB; de Sousa-Neto, MD. Evaluation of bond strength in single-cone fillings of canals with different cross-sections. Int Endod J 2015. {Epub ahead of print}. doi: 10.1111/iej.12607.
https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12607....
,2121. Crozeta, BM; Silva-Sousa, YT; Leoni, GB; Mazzi-Chaves, JF; Fantinato, T; Baratto-Filho, F; et al.. Micro computed tomography study of filling material removal from oval-shaped canals by using rotary, reciprocating and adaptive motion systems. J Endod. 2016. {Epub ahead of print}. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2016.02.005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2016.02...
were selected, in a total of 42 teeth.

A #10 K-type file (Dentsply-Maillefer) was used for negotiation and no resistance was observed. The specimens were stored in a 0.1% thymol solution at 4 °C. After sample selection, the crowns were sectioned and the root canal length was standardized at 12 mm with an 11 mm WL.

The specimens were mounted on a custom device to obtain pre- and post-preparation scans in a standardized manner. A single specialist operator made all preparations using the X-Smart Plus motor (Dentsply-Maillefer) on this custom device. The specimens were randomized into the following three experimental groups:

Group I: Wave One Primary #25.08 (WO) - This system was utilized according to the manufacturer's recommendations, with a pre-determined adjustment of the system's motor, introducing the instrument inside the root canal and three in-and-out pecking movements. The root canal was irrigated and the instrument was cleaned after each introduction until the working length was achieved.

Group II: Easy ProDesign Logic #25.06 (EPL) - This system was utilized according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The instrument was introduced into the canal apically to reach the working length. The irrigation was made and the flutes of the instrument were cleaned after three in-and-out-movements (pecks). The motor parameters included a 950 rpm speed and a 4 N/cm2 torque (Fig. 1).

Figure 1
Easy ProDesign Logic instrument (25.06) (A), with an inactive tip (B), two cutting blades and a modified S-shaped cross-section (C).

Group III: One Shape #25.06 (OS) - This system was utilized according to the manufacturer's recommendations. It was introduced inside the root canal by in-and-out movements and under mild apical pressure to the point of resistance. The root canal was irrigated and the instrument was cleaned after each introduction and until the working length was achieved. The motor parameters included a 400 rpm speed and a 2.5 N/cm2 torque .

During specimen preparation, between each use of the instrument, the canal was irrigated with 4 mL of 2.5% NaOCl using a plastic syringe and a NavTip needle (NaviTip 30ga sideport; Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) with concomitant aspiration. After irrigation, the patency was restored with a #10 K-file. The final irrigation was performed with 6 mL of 17% EDTA (PUI). Each instrument was discarded after three root canal uses (8,22-24).

Micro-computed Tomography

Pre- and post-instrumentation images were acquired by a SkyScan 1172 micro-computed tomography scanner (SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium) at 100 kV and 100 µA using an Al-Cu filter. The pixel size was 12.8 µm and the time of exposure to the X-ray beam for each acquired image was 4 s. The total acquisition time was 90 min per sample. The reconstruction of images in tomographic sections was performed using the NRecon program (SkyScan).

Briefly after the reconstructions, the tomographic sections were processed using CTAn software (SkyScan) and the total and third volumes of the canal were determined using CTVol software (SkyScan). The mean initial volume of the samples was 4.20 ±1.66 mm³. The volumes of the thirds were calculated by dividing the total number of tomographic slices by three.

Analysis of the instrumented canal area was performed at three set points: two points were defined within the limits between the cervical/middle (Region I) and the middle/apical thirds (Region III), while the third point was defined as the middle region between the other two points, consisting in the central region of the middle third (Region II) (Fig. 2).

Figure 2
A: Regions used to calculate the porportion of instrumented area. B) Area pre (green) and post (red) instrumentation.

The total canal area and instrumented area during preparation were measured using CTAn software. The area of the canal walls touched by the instrument was calculated in mm2. All images were analyzed at 250% amplification.

Statistical Analysis

The following parameters were evaluated: total root canal volume (by thirds), percentage of instrumented area and preparation time. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS v. 20.0, IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Analysis of variance was utilized for single-factor analyses and the least significant difference test was used for multiple intergroup comparisons. Variable normality was assessed by the ShapiroWilk test. Variables with asymmetric distributions were analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between root canal volume and the proportion of instrumented area.

Results

There was no instrument breakage or loss of working length in any group. The WO, EPL and OS systems presented mean total root volume increases of 1.89 mm3, 1.05 mm3 and 1.04 mm3, respectively (Table 1). There was a statistically significant difference in total root canal volume between the WO and EPL (p<0.05) and OS systems (p<0.05) but not between the EPL and OS systems (p>0.05).

Table 1
Mean volume increase (mm3) in total root canal and canal third volumes

In the cervical third the volume increase with the WO system was statistically different from that of the EPL system (p<0.05) (Table 1). When middle-thirds were analyzed, there was a statistically significant difference between the WO and the EPL systems (p<0.05), as well as between the WO and OS systems (p<0.05) (Table 1). On the other hand, in the apical thirds there was a statistically significant difference between the WO system and each of the other two systems (p<0.05) but no statistically significant difference between the EPL and OS systems (p>0.05) (Table 1).

The WO, EPL and OS systems presented mean preparation times of 2.13 min, 0.54 min and 2.21 min, respectively. The EPL system featured a significantly shorter preparation time than the WO and OS systems (p<0.05).

There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of instrumented area between the groups for any of the thirds (p<0.05) (Table 2). When the correlation between root canal volume (middle third) and the proportion of instrumented area (Region II) was calculated, the WO group and EPL groups demonstrated a moderate correlation (R=0.40; R=0.32), while the OS group demonstrated a stronger correlation (R=0.63) (Table 3).

Table 2
Percentage of instrumented area (%)

Table 3
Correlation between increased volume X instrumented area

Discussion

In root canal preparation, the term "single file" refers to the utilization of a single instrument. The sterilization and re-use of these types of instruments is not recommended due to potential performance impairments. Each instrument was used in three samples, since they are usually used in multi-rooted teeth in clinical practice 88. Gergi, R; Osta, N; Bourbouze, G; Zgheib, C; Arbab-Chirani, R; Naaman, A. Effects of three nickel titanium instrument systems on root canal geometry assessed by micro-computed tomography. Int Endod J 2015;48:162-170.,2222. Lim, LY; Park, SJ; Kim, HC; Min, KS. Comparison of the centering ability of Wave·One and Reciproc nickel-titanium instruments in simulated curved canals. Restor Dent Endod 2013;38:21-25.,2323. Gergi, R; Arbab-Chirani, R; Osta, N; Naaman, A. Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of canal transportation instrumented by different kinematics rotary nickel-titanium instruments. J Endod 2014;40:1223-1227.,2424. Tambe, VH; Nagmode, PS; Abraham, S; Patait, M; Lahoti, PV; Jaju, N. Comparison of canal transportation and centering ability of rotary Protaper, One Shape System and Wave One System using cone beam computed tomography: an in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2014;17:561-565.. No instrument fractures were observed during specimen preparation. This finding supports the good results of previous studies of the WO and OS systems 22 Bürklein, S; Hinschitza, K; Dammaschke, T; Schäfer, E. Shaping ability and cleaning effectiveness of two single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth: Reciproc and Wave One versus Mtwo and ProTaper. Int Endod J 2012;45:449-461.,55. Bürklein, S; Benten, S; Schäfer, E. Shaping ability of different single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. Int Endod J 2013;46:590-597.,2525. Kim, HC; Hwang, YJ; Jung, DW; You, SY; Kim, HC; Lee, W. Shaping ability of single-file technique using reciprocating motion. Scanning. 2013;35:112-118.,2626. Saber, SEDM; Nagy, MM; Schäfer, E. Comparative evaluation of the shaping ability of Wave One, Reciproc and One Shape single-file systems in severely curved root canals in extract teeth. Int Endod J 2015;48:109-114. and now the EPL system.

The effectiveness of root canal preparation is directly related to the removal of contaminated dentin to eliminate bacteria and their products 1313. Schilder, H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin N Am 1974;18:269-276.,1414. Schäfer, E; Erler, M; Dammaschke, T. Comparative study on the shaping ability and cleaning efficiency of rotary Mtwo instruments. Part 2. Cleaning effectiveness and shaping ability in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. Int Endod J. 2006;39:203-212.,1515. Neves MA; Provenzano, JC; Rôças, IN; Siqueira, JF. Clinical antibacterial effectiveness of root canal preparation with reciprocating single-instrument or continuously rotating multi-instrument systems. J Endod 2016;42:25-29.. Dentin removal increases root canal volume, which is essential to a successful preparation. In the present study, the WO group presented the greatest increase in total volume and in all thirds of the root canal compared with the EPL and OS group. This finding may be explained by the greater taper (0.08 mm) of this system compared with the other two systems (0.06 mm). However, it contradicts the results of Capar et al.2727. Capar, ID; Ertas, H; Ok, E; Arslan, H; Ertas, ET. Comparative study of different novel nickel-titanium rotary systems for root canal preparation in severely curved root canals. J Endod 2014;40:852-856., who did not report a statistically significant difference in performance between the WO and OS systems in resin blocks. This discrepancy in findings may be due to the methodological differences between the studies, as resin blocks have a different hardness than human dentin 2222. Lim, LY; Park, SJ; Kim, HC; Min, KS. Comparison of the centering ability of Wave·One and Reciproc nickel-titanium instruments in simulated curved canals. Restor Dent Endod 2013;38:21-25..

Regarding the volume changes by root canal thirds, the WO system was superior to the other two systems for all evaluated thirds. The larger diameter of the instrument near the hilt, due to its larger taper (0.08 mm), enables a greater increase in the cervical region of the canal. This increase leads to improved reflux of irrigating solution and root canal debris. If reflux does not occur properly, dentin debris are accumulated and compacted in the apex during instrumentation within the canal. Furthermore, the system's larger taper in the first millimeter enables improved dental removal in this region.

The increase in apical third volume was proportionally less than in the other thirds in all three experimental groups. In some specimens, across all three groups there was a further reduction of the initial volume that probably resulted from dentin accumulation in this region. The projection of dentin debris into the apical portion is due to the pressure resulting from the use of a single instrument. Since single-instrument systems are not utilized progressively, there is a greater pressure applied on the apical portion to achieve the working length 2828. Gambarini, G1; Testorelli, L; De Luca, M ; Milana, V; Plotino, G; Grande, NM; et al.. The influence of three different instrumentation techniques on the incidence of postoperative pain after endodontic treatment. Ann Stomatol 2013;20;4:152-155..

Despite the root canal volume increase, it is still very difficult to instrument the entire area of the canal, especially those that are long ovals 1111. Wu, M-K; Wesselink, PR. A primary observation on the preparation and obturation of oval canals. Int Endod J 2001;34:137-141.,1212. Busquim, S; Cunha, RS; Freire, L; Gavini, G; Machado, ME; Santos, M. A micro-computed tomography evaluation of long-oval canal preparation using reciprocating or rotary systems. Int Endod J 2015;48:1001-1006.. Instrumentation is particularly difficult in the middle region of the mandibular incisors approximately 5 mm from the apex; therefore, this region was assessed in the current study. The mean diameter of this region in the buccolingual direction is approximately 0.81 mm 1616. Wu, M-K; Roris, A, Barkis, D; Wesselink, PR. Prevalence and extent of long oval canals in the apical third. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:739-743.. All the instruments used in the present study had diameters of approximately 0.49-0.57 mm at 5 mm from the apex. This explains the presence of the non-instrumented areas in the findings (mean instrumented area at the middle third was 62.3% in the EPL, 71.8% in OS, and 76.9% in WO groups). The mean instrumented area in the WO system group (76.9%) differed from the 64.7% reported by Gergi et al. 88. Gergi, R; Osta, N; Bourbouze, G; Zgheib, C; Arbab-Chirani, R; Naaman, A. Effects of three nickel titanium instrument systems on root canal geometry assessed by micro-computed tomography. Int Endod J 2015;48:162-170., but this study was performed across the canal rather than at specific points as in the present study. Furthermore, in contrast to the current study, those authors analyzed the mesial roots of the mandibular molars.

The correlation analysis between increased volume and instrumented areas was performed only in Region II due to the greater flattening of the middle third of the mandibular incisors 1616. Wu, M-K; Roris, A, Barkis, D; Wesselink, PR. Prevalence and extent of long oval canals in the apical third. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:739-743.,2929. Leoni, GB; Versiani, MA; Pécora, JD; Sousa-Neto, MD. Micro-computed tomographic analysis of the root canal morphology of mandibular incisors. J Endod. 2014;405:710-716.. Comparing these data, the performance of the WO was 0.60 m3 x 76.9%, EPL was 0.27 mm3 x 62.3% and OS was 0.28 mm3 x 71.8%, demonstrating that the increased volume does not indicate an increased percentage of instrumented area; rather, it negatively impacts tooth strength and fracture resistance.

There was no loss of working length in any specimen. This finding is in agreement with those reported by Saber et al. 2626. Saber, SEDM; Nagy, MM; Schäfer, E. Comparative evaluation of the shaping ability of Wave One, Reciproc and One Shape single-file systems in severely curved root canals in extract teeth. Int Endod J 2015;48:109-114., who compared the maintenance of the working length between the WO and OS instruments (in addition to the Reciproc instrument), and Bürklein et al.55. Bürklein, S; Benten, S; Schäfer, E. Shaping ability of different single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. Int Endod J 2013;46:590-597..

In the present study, the preparation time included active instrumentation, irrigation time and maintenance of patency. The EPL system presented a shorter preparation time than the other two systems. This difference in preparation time may be associated with the instrument's preparation performance speed and the used maximum torque. Instruments such as the EPL system act on the canal with greater speed and torque (950 rpm, 4 N/cm2), reducing the preparation time and incidence of interruptions at the maximum torque, especially if compared with the OS system, which operates with a 2.5 N/cm2 torque. However, high speed and torque may increase the risk of cyclic fatigue. Further studies are required to evaluate the resistance of these instruments.

The characteristics of this preparation should be considered when using this system in clinical practice, since some studies have suggested that bacterial elimination is strongly related with the NaOCl disinfection period. If the disinfection period is insufficient, disinfection may be ineffective, particularly in the dentinal tubules, increasing the risk of deterioration 3030. Ferrer-Luque, CM; Bejarano, I; Ruiz-Linares, M; Baca, P. Reduction in Enteroccocus faecalis counts - a comparison between rotary and reciprocating. Int Endod J 2014;47:380-386., thus justifying the application of higher concentrations of NaOCl. Furthermore, the WO and OS systems showed similar preparation times, in contrast to the study by Saber et al. 2626. Saber, SEDM; Nagy, MM; Schäfer, E. Comparative evaluation of the shaping ability of Wave One, Reciproc and One Shape single-file systems in severely curved root canals in extract teeth. Int Endod J 2015;48:109-114., who reported the OS system as the fastest, followed by the Reciproc and WO systems, respectively. The discrepancy between findings may be due to inter-study differences in the angle of curvature of the investigated teeth, since systems with different alloys operate differently in teeth with greater curvatures.

The WO system was the most effective at increasing root canal volume without affecting the remaining instrumented areas. The OS system had the strongest correlation between volume increase and instrumented area. The EPL system was the fastest. All three systems safely enabled the maintenance of working length without instrument fracture.

References

  • 1
    Yared, G. Canal preparation using only one Ni-Ti rotary instrument: preliminary observations. Int Endod J. 2008;41:339-344.
  • 2
    Bürklein, S; Hinschitza, K; Dammaschke, T; Schäfer, E. Shaping ability and cleaning effectiveness of two single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth: Reciproc and Wave One versus Mtwo and ProTaper. Int Endod J 2012;45:449-461.
  • 3
    Kim, JW; Ha, JH; Cheung, GSP; Versluis, A; Kwak, SW; Kim, HC. Safety of the factory preset rotation angle of reciprocating instruments. J Endod 2014;40:1671-1675.
  • 4
    Dhingra, A; Ruhal, N; Miglani, A. Evaluation of single file systems Reciproc, Oneshape and Wave One using cone beam computed tomography - an in vitro study. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:ZC30-34.
  • 5
    Bürklein, S; Benten, S; Schäfer, E. Shaping ability of different single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. Int Endod J 2013;46:590-597.
  • 6
    Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos {homepage}. Limas Easy ProDesign Logic. Available at: http://www.easy.odo.br/limas/limas-easy-prodesign-logic/s.d .
    » http://www.easy.odo.br/limas/limas-easy-prodesign-logic/
  • 7
    Topcu, KM; Karatas, E; Ozsu, D; Ersoy, I. Efficiency of the Self Adjusting File, Wave One, Reciproc, ProTaper and hand files in root canal debridement. Eur J Dent 2014;8:326-329.
  • 8
    Gergi, R; Osta, N; Bourbouze, G; Zgheib, C; Arbab-Chirani, R; Naaman, A. Effects of three nickel titanium instrument systems on root canal geometry assessed by micro-computed tomography. Int Endod J 2015;48:162-170.
  • 9
    Park, SK; Kim, YJ; Shon, WJ; You, SY; Moon, YM; Kim, HC et al.. Clinical efficiency and reusability of the reciprocating nickel-titanium instruments according to the root canal anatomy. Scanning 2014;36:246-251.
  • 10
    Saleh, AM; Gilani, PV; Tavanafar, S; Schafer, E. Shaping ability of 4 different single-file systems in simulated S-shaped canals. J Endod 2015;41:548-552.
  • 11
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Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    mar-apr 2016

History

  • Received
    13 Sept 2015
  • Accepted
    11 Jan 2016
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