Female Entrepreneurship as Subject of Research

Gomes, Almiralva Ferraz; Santana, Weslei Gusmão Piau; Araújo, Uajará Pessoa; Martins, Caroline Miriã Fontes

doi:10.7819/rbgn.v16i51.1508

ABSTRACT

This paper’s main goal is to study the literature produced about “female entrepreneurship”, so as to scrutinize and deepen scientific reasoning referring to women entrepreneurs whilst investigating the degree of theoretical consolidation this field of knowledge has achieved. To this end, and from a critical perspective, we assessed research published in Brazilian and international journals from 1970 on, so as to offer a systematic review of the object in focus. Despite the contributions given by previous research - which does, after all, provide us with relevant information and data concerning women entrepreneurs -, most of it merely describes small segments of the female entrepreneur population, and does not advance in applying or developing theories. Moreover, in most cases, research was quantitative and empirical and attempted to draw a “profile” of women entrepreneurs. Few studies specifically carried out a theoretical analysis on the topic “gender”. Apparently, the main concern of many of these studies was to focus on the sexual structure of organizations and on its impact upon business activities. Thus, it seems appropriate to use new points-of-view to study the “female entrepreneurship” phenomenon - or, at least, to establish new ideas for investigation.

Keywords:
Entrepreneurship; Gender; Women entrepreneur

RESUMO

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a produção sobre o “empreendedorismo feminino”, escrutinando e depurando o discurso científico sobre a mulher empreendedora, ao mesmo tempo que investiga o grau de consolidação teórica alcançado na área. Com esse propósito e a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, foram avaliadas pesquisas publicadas em periódicos brasileiros e internacionais a partir da década de 1970, constituindo a presente revisão sistemática do objeto em foco. Não obstante a contribuição de cada estudo ‒ afinal, oferecem dados e informações relevantes a respeito da mulher empreendedora ‒, a maior parte dos trabalhos se limitou a descrever, sem contatar, pequenos segmentos da população de mulheres empreendedoras e não avançaram na aplicação e desenvolvimento de teorias. Ademais, na maioria das vezes, os estudos foram de natureza quantitativa e empírica e prenderam-se à tentativa de traçar um “perfil” da mulher empreendedora. Poucos foram os estudos que elaboraram uma análise teórica especificamente sobre a temática “gênero”. Ao que parece, a preocupação recorrente de muitos trabalhos esteve centrada na estrutura sexuada das organizações e em suas consequências para as atividades empresariais. Com isso, parece ser oportuno trazer a necessidade de se adotar novas lentes para se estudar o fenômeno do “empreendedorismo feminino” para o debate ‒ senão, pelo menos, de estabelecer novos rumos para sua pesquisa.

Palavras-chave:
Empreendedorismo; Gênero; Mulher empreendedora.

RESUMEN

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es estudiar la literatura sobre la “iniciativa emprendedora femenina”, examinar y depurar el discurso científico sobre la mujer emprendedora además de investigar el grado teórico de consolidación alcanzado en el área. Con este fin, y en una perspectiva crítica, se evaluaron las investigaciones publicadas en revistas brasileñas e internacionales desde los años 1970, formando la presente revisión sistemática del objeto en estudio. No obstante, la contribución de cada estudio - que proporciona información y datos pertinentes sobre la mujer emprendedora - se limita a describir, sin entrar en contacto, pequeños sectores de la población de las mujeres emprendedoras sin avanzar en el desarrollo y aplicación de las teorías. Por otra parte, en la mayoría de los casos, los estudios era empíricos y cuantitativos, y se limitaron a tratar de elaborar un “perfil” de la mujer empresaria. Son pocos los estudios que han sido afectados por el análisis teórico específicamente sobre el tema “género”. Al parecer, la preocupación recurrente de muchos trabajos se ha centrado en la estructura sexual de las organizaciones y su impacto en las actividades empresariales. Por lo tanto, parece adecuado señalar la necesidad de adoptar nuevas lentes para estudiar el fenómeno del “espíritu emprendedor femenino” para el debate, o al menos establecer nuevas direcciones de investigación.

Palabras clave:
Emprendimiento; Género; Mujer emprendedora

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4
Evaluation process: Double Blind Review

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Apr-Jun 2014

History

Received
15 Dec 2012
Accepted
30 June 2014

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

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