TRANSFORMAÇÃO GENÉTICA EM ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS

Studart-Guimarães, Claudia; Lacorte, Cristiano; Brasileiro, Ana Cristina Miranda

doi:10.5902/198050981735

RESUMO

A transformação genética, que compreende a introdução de genes exógenos de forma controlada no genoma de uma célula vegetal e posterior regeneração da planta transgênica, tem contribuído com os programas de melhoramento genético de plantas pela obtenção de genótipos com novas características de interesse. O melhoramento de espécies florestais é limitado por características intrínsecas a tais espécies, como a altura dos indivíduos e o ciclo longo de vida. A transformação genética constitui, portanto, uma alternativa para a obtenção de espécies florestais com características desejáveis em um menor espaço de tempo. Plantas transgênicas com resistência a determinadas pragas, com melhor qualidade de madeira, maior produção de biomassa, tolerância a herbicidas, entre outras características de interesse, já foram obtidas para diferentes espécies florestais de importância econômica como álamo, eucalipto e pinheiros em geral. Este trabalho mostra a importância da transformação genética, associada a outras técnicas biotecnológicas no melhoramento de espécies florestais, as técnicas de transformação mais utilizadas e as características que já foram introduzidas nessas espécies pela transformação.

Palavras-chave:
biotecnologia; melhoramento

ABSTRACT

Breeding of forest species is limited by intrinsic characteristics such as individual’s height and long life cycle. Plant genetic transformation, the integration of known foreign genes into the plant genome, represents a less time consuming alternative for the recovery of forest species with desirable traits. This technology has contributed to plant breeding programs by facilitating the recovery of genotypes containing novel exciting traits of agricultural importance. Many of them including resistance to insect pests, improvement of wood quality and biomass production, and tolerance to herbicides have been introduced in forest species such as poplar, eucalyptus and pine trees using this technology. This review highlights current transformation methods, and illustrates the importance of finally defining the most important traits that have already been introduced into these valuable species.

Key words:
biotechnology; plant improvement

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Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Jan-Jun 2003

Histórico

Recebido
22 Nov 2001
Aceito
22 Jan 2003

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

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[25] DELLEDONNE, M. et al. Transformation of white poplar (Populus alba L.) with a novel Arabidopsis thaliana cysteine proteinase inhibitor and analysis of insect pest resistance. Molecular Breeding , v. 7, p. 35-42, 2001.

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[27] ELKIND, Y. et al. Abnormal plant development and down-regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in transgenic tobacco containing a heterologous phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, v. 87, p. 9057-9061, 1990.

[28] ELLIS, D.D. et al. Stable transformation of Picea glauca by particle acceleration. Bio/Technology, v. 11, p. 84-89, 1993.

[29] ERIKSSON, M.E. et al. Increased gibberellin biosynthesis in transgenic trees promotes growth, biomass production and xylem fiber length. Nature Biotechnology , v. 18, p. 784-788, 2000.

[30] FANG, Y.; HART, E.R. Effect of cottonwood leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larval population levels on Populus terminal damage. Environmental Entomology, v. 29, p. 43-48, 2000.

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[33] GELVIN, S.B. Agrobacterium and plant genes involved in T-DNA transfer and integration. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, v. 51, p. 223-256, 2000.

[34] GONZALES, E.R. et al. Production of transgenic Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla using the sonicationassisted Agrobacterium transformation (SAAT) system. Functional Plant Biology, v. 29, p. 97-102, 2002.

[35] GRIMA-PETTENATI, J.; GOFFNER, D. Lignin genetic engineering revisited. Plant Science, v. 145, p. 51-65, 1999.

[36] GROCHULSKI, P. et al. Bacillus thuringiensis CryIA(a) insecticidal toxin: crystal structure and channel formation. Journal of Molecular Biology, v. 254, p. 447-464, 1995.

[37] HAINES, R. Biotechnology in forest tree improvement. Rome: FAO, 1994. 230 p.

[38] HALPIN, C. et al. Manipulation of lignin quality by downregulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. The Plant Journal, v. 6, p. 339-350, 1994.

[39] HAN, K.H.; MEILAN, R.; MA, C.; STRAUSS, S.H. An Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation protocol effective on a variety of cottonwood hybrids (genus Populus). Plant Cell Reports , v. 19, p. 315-320, 2000.

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[42] HEATON, A.C.P. et al. Phytoremediation of mercury- and methylmercurypolluted soils using genetically engineered plants. Journal of Soil Contamination, v. 7, p. 497-509 , 1998.

[43] HO, C.K. et al. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and production of transgenic plants. Plant Cell Reports , v. 17, p. 675-680, 1998.

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