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SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS IN BRAZILIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION: PUBLICATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND INDEXERS

Abstract

The objective was to elaborate an overview of Brazilian physical education scientific journals within the current dynamics in the academic-scientific field. In Qualis Periódicos of CAPES [Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Staff], we searched for data available on Brazilian physical education journals, whose websites were accessed and analyzed. The data underwent content analysis, performed with the support of the MaxQDA® software. 39 journals were identified, with a focus and scope covering various themes and objects in physical education, mostly implemented in the 1990s and 2000s. Journals have as their main link higher education institutions and scientific associations and they are indexed with a higher proportion in Google Scholar and Latindex, with a minority appearing in the collections of the most disputed indexers such as Web of Science and Scopus. It is perceived that the group of scientific journals of physical education is consolidated and they make up the internal dynamics of this academic-scientific field.

Resumo

Objetivou-se elaborar um panorama do periodismo científico da educação física brasileira, dentro das dinâmicas vigentes no campo acadêmico-científico. Buscou-se no Qualis Periódicos da CAPES dados disponíveis sobre os periódicos da educação física brasileira que tiveram seus sites acessados e analisados. Os dados passaram por análise de conteúdo, realizada com apoio do software MaxQDA®. Identificou-se 39 periódicos, com foco e escopo abrangendo diversos temas e objetos na educação física, implementados majoritariamente nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. Os periódicos têm como principal vínculo as instituições de ensino superior e as associações científicas e estão indexados com maior proporção no Google Scholar e Latindex, sendo que a minoria consta nas coleções dos indexadores mais disputados como Web of Science e Scopus. Percebe-se que o periodismo científico da educação física se encontra consolidado e seus periódicos compõe as dinâmicas internas deste campo acadêmico-científico.

Palavras-chave
Educação Física e Treinamento; Publicações Periódicas; Campo acadêmico-científico; Bases de Dados de Citações

Resumen

El objetivo fue elaborar un panorama del periodismo científico de la Educación Física brasileña, dentro de la dinámica actual en el campo académico-científico. Se buscaron datos disponibles en Qualis Periódicos da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) sobre los periódicos brasileños de Educación Física, cuyos sitios web fueron consultados y analizados. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido, el cual fue realizado con el apoyo del software MaxQDA®. Se identificaron 39 periódicos, con enfoque y alcance que abarcan diversos temas y objetos de la Educación Física, implementados en su mayoría en las décadas de 1990 y 2000. Su principal vínculo son las Instituciones de Educación Superior y las asociaciones científicas, están indexadas en mayor proporción en Google Scholar y Latindex, apareciendo una minoría en las colecciones de Web of Science y Scopus. Se observa que el grupo de periódicos científicos de Educación Física está consolidado y conforma la dinámica interna de este campo académico-científico.

Palabras clave
Educación y Entrenamiento Físico; Publicaciones Periódicas; Campo académico-científico; Bases de Datos Bibliográficas

1 INTRODUCTION1 1 O artigo é um desdobramento da tese de NASCIMENTO, Oromar Augusto dos Santos. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira: agentes, estruturas e disputas no processo de legitimação de um campo. 2022. 183 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Física) – Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2022.

Communicating research results is an essential stage in science. Publicising production is a necessity and a requirement of the scientific community, as the validation of knowledge necessarily involves peer review at events, panels, books and scientific journals. The latter are formal channels of scientific communication that establish evaluative processes in which the knowledge produced and consumed by researchers who validate what is published is disseminated (VANZ; SILVA FILHO, 2019VANZ, Samile Andréa de Souza; SILVA FILHO, Rubes da Costa. O protagonismo das revistas na comunicação científica: histórico e evolução. In: CARNEIRO, Felipe Ferreira Barros; FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio; SANTOS, Wagner (org.). A comunicação científica em periódicos. Curitiba: Appris, 2019. p. 19–44.). The first journals date back to 1655 with the creation of the Journal de Scavans and the Philosophical Transactions, linked respectively to the Academie des Sciences de Paris and the Royal Society of London (FERREIRA NETO, 2004FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio. Publicações periódicas científicas em Educação Física e esporte de instituições universitárias. In: DA COSTA, Lamartine (org.). Atlas do Esporte no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Shape, 2004. p. 778–780. E-book.; SIEGELMAN, 1998SIEGELMAN, Stanley S. The genesis of modern science: contributions of scientific societies and scientific journals. Radiology, v. 208, n. 1, p. 9–16, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/RADIOLOGY.208.1.9646786.
https://doi.org/10.1148/RADIOLOGY.208.1....
).

Lascurain (2019)LASCURAIN, Maria Luisa. Las revistas científicas, entre la crisis y las oportunidades. In: CARNEIRO, Felipe Ferreira Bastos; FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio; SANTOS, Wagner dos (org.). A comunicação científica em periódicos. Curitiba: Appris, 2019. p. 11–13. states that scientific journals play a significant role in consolidating disciplines (or areas) of science, not only as a means of communicating and disseminating systematised knowledge but also as fundamental parts of training new scientists. They have two primary functions: enabling communication between peers and disseminating scientific knowledge. In areas of knowledge that are still in their infancy (the case of physical education), two additional functions are attributed to them: contributing to the legitimisation of the area of knowledge and establishing quality criteria for research (TANI, 2014TANI, Go. Editoracão de periódicos em Educação Física/Ciências do Esporte: dificuldades e desafios. Revista Brasileira de Ciencias do Esporte, v. 36, n. 4, p. 715–722, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2014.11.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2014.11.0...
).

Along these lines, physical education was structured and consolidated as an academic-scientific field at the end of the 20th century and in the first decades of the 21st century, based on different modi operandi resulting from its internal dynamics (LAZZAROTTI FILHO et al., 2012LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari et al. Modus operandi da produção científica da educação física: uma análise das revistas e suas veiculações. Revista da Educação Física/UEM, v. 23, n. 1, p. 1–14, 2012. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/refuem/a/yXNdTpf7DdfYS3xyNYWzcCF/. Acesso em 14 fev. 2023.
https://www.scielo.br/j/refuem/a/yXNdTpf...
). These are related to the transformations that the field has undergone to legitimise itself and incorporate scientific practices, such as training new researchers in related areas, disputes over space in the Brazilian university structure and valuing the dissemination of research results in specialised journals (LAZZAROTTI FILHO; SILVA; MASCARENHAS, 2014LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari; SILVA, Ana Márcia; MASCARENHAS, Fernando. Transformações contemporâneas do campo acadêmico-científico da Educação Física no Brasil: novos habitus, modus operandi e objetos de disputa. Movimento, v. 20, n. esp., p. 67–80, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.48280
https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.48280...
) and are linked to stricto sensu postgraduate studies and their epistemological divisions (MANOEL; CARVALHO, 2011MANOEL, Edison de Jesus; CARVALHO, Yara Maria de. Pós-graduação na educação física brasileira: a atração (fatal) para a biodinâmica. Educação e Pesquisa, v. 37, n. 2, p. 389–406, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-97022011000200012
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-9702201100...
).

In this field, the first journals were launched in the 1930s, coinciding with the systematic initiatives to create university courses, the basis of the academic constitution of physical education. They were informative in nature, such as the journal Educação Physica (1932-1945), whose editorial approach combined issues of physical activity, gymnastics, sport and health, aimed at physical education professionals. At the same time, it published news, products and advertisements aimed at the non-specialised public (SCHNEIDER; TOLEDO, 2009SCHNEIDER, Omar; TOLEDO, Maria Rita de Almeida. A revista Educação Physica (1932-1945): fórmula editorial, prescrições educacionais, produtos e publicidade. Revista Brasileira de História da Educação, v. 9, n. 20, p. 193–229, 2009. Disponível em: http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2238-00942009000200008&lng=pt&nrm=iso. Acesso em: 6 fev. 2023.
http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?scrip...
).

It wasn’t until the late 1970s that the first scientific journals appeared, publishing academic texts by researchers in the field. After the 2000s, there was a migration to electronic publishing platforms and the consolidation of institutional evaluation systems (FERREIRA NETO, 2004FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio. Publicações periódicas científicas em Educação Física e esporte de instituições universitárias. In: DA COSTA, Lamartine (org.). Atlas do Esporte no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Shape, 2004. p. 778–780. E-book.; LIMA; SILVA, 2009LIMA, Lana Ferreira de; SILVA, Reseane Patrícia de Souza e. Trajetória histórica da produção do conhecimento difundida nos periódicos da área da Educação Física no Brasil: 1930-2000. Diálogos e Interação, v. 2, 2009.).

It is necessary to investigate the journals of Brazilian physical education, as previous studies have shown that the field has journals with longevity and recognition (FERREIRA NETO, 2004FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio. Publicações periódicas científicas em Educação Física e esporte de instituições universitárias. In: DA COSTA, Lamartine (org.). Atlas do Esporte no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Shape, 2004. p. 778–780. E-book.; LAZZAROTTI FILHO, 2018LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira. Motrivivência, v. 30, n. 54, p. 35–50, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v30n54p35
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v3...
; LIMA; SILVA, 2009LIMA, Lana Ferreira de; SILVA, Reseane Patrícia de Souza e. Trajetória histórica da produção do conhecimento difundida nos periódicos da área da Educação Física no Brasil: 1930-2000. Diálogos e Interação, v. 2, 2009.). These journals have been the target of researchers who are recognised for having great productivity in the field and who, regardless of the sub-area to which they are linked, publish part of their work in Brazilian journals (CARNEIRO; SANTOS; FERREIRA NETO, 2019CARNEIRO, Felipe Ferreira Barros; SANTOS, Wagner dos; FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio. Perfil das revistas científicas da Educação Física Brasileira: análise comparativa entre as ciências praticadas no campo. In: CARNEIRO, Felipe Ferreira Barros; SANTOS, Wagner dos; FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio (org.). A comunicação científica em periódicos. Curitiba: Appris, 2019. p. 347–383.), which reinforces the argument of the legitimacy and quality of national journals.

Given the above, this article aims to provide an overview of scientific journals in Brazilian physical education.

2 METHODOLOGY

Qualitative research was carried out in three stages: the exploratory phase, the fieldwork and the analysis of the materials obtained (MINAYO; COSTA, 2019MINAYO, Maria Cecília de Souza; COSTA, António Pedro. Técnicas que fazem o uso da palavra, do olhar e da empatia. Aveiro: Ludomedia, 2019.). The exploratory phase included drawing up the research project and theoretical investment in the topic; the fieldwork phase consisted of collecting data in two stages, as shown in Figure 1. Firstly, a structured source was selected to provide a search path for the journals. We used the Catalogue of Physical Education and Sports Journals (FERREIRA NETO et al., 2002FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio et al. Catálogo de periódicos de Educação Física e Esporte (1930-2000). Vitória: Proteoria, 2002.), a publication by the PROTEORIA group, launched in 2002, to compile all the texts published in 36 physical education journals from 1932 to 2000.

Figure 1
Methodological outline of the research

Due to the limited timeframe of the catalogue, the Qualis Journals of the Sucupira Platform was also used, starting with the “Physical Education” assessment area as a way of complementing and expanding the data. In this process, it became apparent that all 13 active journals listed in the Catalogue were also listed in Qualis Journals, which then became the primary source for searching and delimiting the research.

In order to identify the journals in Brazilian physical education, in June 2021 we accessed Qualis Journals and obtained a list of all the journals classified in the area of physical education for the 2013-2016 Quadrennium, available for download in an .xls spreadsheet, and began the process of studying the spreadsheet, which contained three columns: “ISSN”, “Title” and “Stratum”, besides 2,218 records sorted alphabetically.

The ISSN and title of each journal were searched on Google and each record was checked taking into account five indicators that would validate the journal’s relevance to the study: a) Brazilian journal; b) focus and scope of the journal; c) institutional affiliation – whether it belongs to a college, postgraduate course or scientific association that is related to one or more subfields of physical education, as proposed in the essay by Manoel and Carvalho (2011)MANOEL, Edison de Jesus; CARVALHO, Yara Maria de. Pós-graduação na educação física brasileira: a atração (fatal) para a biodinâmica. Educação e Pesquisa, v. 37, n. 2, p. 389–406, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-97022011000200012
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-9702201100...
; d) institutional affiliation of the editor-in-chief of the journal, their lines of research and themes and previous training, based on the information in their curriculum in the Lattes Platform; e) articles published in the last year by the journal, trying to identify their themes.

After applying the five indicators, 59 records remained. Duplicate and/or inactive journals were excluded and 41 journals remained. A new exclusion process was carried out, removing two journals whose characteristics are the exclusive publication of conference proceedings. Such journals are seen only as repositories of articles, without a clear and independent editorial policy.

Next, these 39 journals (listed in the supplementary material) were analysed to identify the themes they publish on the basis of their focus and scope, year of creation and institutional affiliation. The “Web Collector” plugin of the MaxQDA® software was installed on the internet browser, which made it possible to download the pages of the journals that contained the necessary information. The pages were imported into the software, grouped by journal and checked, followed by mixed categorisation, which combines categorisation based on a priori and a posteriori codes, as explained by Amado, Costa and Crusoé (2017)AMADO, João; COSTA, António Pedro; CRUSOÉ, Nilma. Procedimentos de análise de dados. In: AMADO, João (org.). Manual de investigação qualitativa em Educação. 3. ed. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2017. p. 301–354.. The a priori categorisation of journals based on their focus and scope was adapted from Lazzarotti Filho (2018)LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira. Motrivivência, v. 30, n. 54, p. 35–50, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v30n54p35
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v3...
, grouping the journals into three distinct groups: generalist, thematic and area-based.

3 FOCUS AND SCOPE OF SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS IN BRAZILIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Focus and scope correspond to the place where there is an explicit and accurate indication of what the journal publishes, such as areas, themes, objects, and subjects. This item contains “brief information about the aim of the publication, the area of knowledge and the nature of the contributions” (SABADINI; SAMPAIO; NASCIMENTO, 2009SABADINI, Aparecida Angélica Zoqui Paulovic; SAMPAIO, Maria Imaculada Cardoso; NASCIMENTO, Maria Marta. Preparando um periódico científico. In: SABADINI, Aparecida Angélica Zoqui Paulovic; SAMPAIO, Maria Imaculada Cardoso; KOLLER, Sílvia Helena (org.). Publicar em Psicologia: um enfoque para a revista científica. São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Editores Científicos / Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. p. 35–76., p. 47).

As defined by Lazzarotti Filho (2018)LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira. Motrivivência, v. 30, n. 54, p. 35–50, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v30n54p35
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v3...
, the 39 journals2 2 Apenas a revista “Coleção Pesquisa em Educação Física” não foi contemplada na classificação por não ter apresentado em seu site elementos que permitissem inferir seu foco e escopo. were categorised into three groups: generalist (14), thematic (19) and area-based (5), as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2
Classification of journals according to their focus and scope

The 14 journals classified as generalist establish a dialogue with all the sub-areas of physical education (MANOEL; CARVALHO, 2011MANOEL, Edison de Jesus; CARVALHO, Yara Maria de. Pós-graduação na educação física brasileira: a atração (fatal) para a biodinâmica. Educação e Pesquisa, v. 37, n. 2, p. 389–406, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-97022011000200012
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-9702201100...
), so their focus and scope are broader, publishing different articles within the diversity that makes up the field. In many cases, these journals do not specify themes, sections or objects of study but only mention the publication of scientific production in general terms, such as “Physical Education”, “Sports Sciences”, “Exercise Sciences”, etc.

The 19 journals identified as thematic correspond to those that are verticalised in specific themes. They can be understood as a reflection of the development of the field, which, by specialising, has made it possible to advance its themes and expand its interests, while at the same time expanding and drawing closer to other areas of knowledge. Some of these journals are on the “frontiers of the field” (VAZ, 2003VAZ, Alexandre Fernandez. Educação do corpo, conhecimento, fronteiras. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, v. 24, n. 2, p. 161–172, 2003. Disponível em: http://revista.cbce.org.br/index.php/RBCE/article/view/364/318 Acesso em: 31 ago. 2023.
http://revista.cbce.org.br/index.php/RBC...
), interfacing with topics of interest in areas such as medicine, education, physiotherapy, nutrition, leisure, etc. This plurality may be an element that shows that the frontiers of physical education have expanded, even if to some extent the clash with other fields happens more directly.

The five journals categorised as area-based represent a movement to affirm an understanding of physical education. Notably, all in this classification demarcate the dialogue with humanities and social sciences, delimiting their interests in works that are developed based on proximity to knowledge arising from specific epistemological activities (LAZZAROTTI FILHO, 2018LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira. Motrivivência, v. 30, n. 54, p. 35–50, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v30n54p35
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v3...
). Concerning this categorisation, it should be noted that the aim is not to reduce the discussion on epistemology in the field to a question of areas and/or disciplines. This process is more complex and requires further analysis, which is related to the very logic of thinking about knowledge and its origin as a phenomenon produced by human actions.

In this sense, we are guided by what Fensterseifer (2010FENSTERSEIFER, Paulo Evaldo. Educação Física: atividade epistemológica e objetivismo. Filosofia e Educação, v. 2, n. 2, p. 99–110, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20396/RFE.V2I2.8635493
https://doi.org/10.20396/RFE.V2I2.863549...
, 2019)FENSTERSEIFER, Paulo Evaldo. Atividade Epistemológica. In: GONZÁLEZ, Fernando Jaime; FENSTERSEIFER, Paulo Evaldo (org.). Dicionário Crítico de Educação Física. 3. ed. rev. e ampl. Ijuí: Editora Unijuí, 2019. p. 53–57. calls epistemological activity in the field, i.e., it relates to the various ways of thinking and producing knowledge from the origins of the objects, themes and interests that permeate physical education in the movement of dialogue with other fields, something that constitutes the dynamics of an area that is multiple and diverse.

Most of the journals in this study are thematic, i.e., they focus on specific elements within the field, a movement that shows the legitimisation of themes and objects. According to Bourdieu (1983)BOURDIEU, Pierre. O campo científico. In: ORTIZ, Renato (org.). Pierre Bourdieu: sociologia. São Paulo: Ática, 1983. p. 122–157., these processes do not happen by chance but are the result of internal disputes driven by the search for symbolic profit, in which researchers focus on problems considered relevant within the logic of the field.

The reflection of these actions can be seen in the advancement of certain themes which, depending on the current structure, encourage the creation of new vehicles for disseminating the scientific product, such as conference proceedings, books, and articles. In this sense, the model of ranking scientific production, its stratification into points and the valuation of research productivity have contributed to the intensification of internal disputes in the field, often conditioned by a disciplinary perspective that disregards the highly relational nature of the field of physical education itself (RIGO; RIBEIRO; HALLAL, 2012RIGO, Luis Carlos; RIBEIRO, Gabriela; HALLAL, Pedro. Unidade na diversidade: desafios para a Educação Física no século XXI. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, v. 16, n. 4, p. 339–345, 2012. Disponível em: https://rbafs.org.br/RBAFS/article/view/631. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2020.
https://rbafs.org.br/RBAFS/article/view/...
). The search for ways out of this clash may have influenced the implementation of new journals, reflecting the field’s epistemological activity in the logic of producing and legitimising knowledge and its internal arrangements (FENSTERSEIFER, 2010FENSTERSEIFER, Paulo Evaldo. Educação Física: atividade epistemológica e objetivismo. Filosofia e Educação, v. 2, n. 2, p. 99–110, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20396/RFE.V2I2.8635493
https://doi.org/10.20396/RFE.V2I2.863549...
, 2019FENSTERSEIFER, Paulo Evaldo. Atividade Epistemológica. In: GONZÁLEZ, Fernando Jaime; FENSTERSEIFER, Paulo Evaldo (org.). Dicionário Crítico de Educação Física. 3. ed. rev. e ampl. Ijuí: Editora Unijuí, 2019. p. 53–57.).

The exacerbated productivity of articles and the ever-increasing demand for this type of publication by the researchers who make up the academic-scientific field (MANOEL; CARVALHO, 2011MANOEL, Edison de Jesus; CARVALHO, Yara Maria de. Pós-graduação na educação física brasileira: a atração (fatal) para a biodinâmica. Educação e Pesquisa, v. 37, n. 2, p. 389–406, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-97022011000200012
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-9702201100...
; SILVA; GONÇALVES-SILVA; MOREIRA, 2014SILVA, Junior Vagner Pereira da; GONÇALVES-SILVA, Luiza Lana; MOREIRA, Wagner Wey. Produtivismo na pós-graduação. Nada é tão ruim, que não possa piorar. É chegada a vez dos orientandos!. Movimento, v. 20, n. 4, p. 1423–1445, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.46187
https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.46187...
) can also be understood as an element that increases the demand for new journals that allow the volume of articles produced to flow.

Graph 1 shows that the historical process of establishing the journals included in this study dates to the 1930s, specifically 1932, with the publication of the Revista de Educação Física of the Army Physical Education School3 3 Trata-se do periódico mais antigo deste estudo, mesmo tendo passado por mudanças em sua política editorial e interrupções em periodicidade. Desde 2014 é editado pelo Centro de Capacitação Física do Exército (CCFEx) e têm mantido a periodicidade em dia, atualmente denominada de Revista de Educação Física/ Journal of Physical Education. Não confundir com o Journal of Physical Education correspondente à antiga Revista da Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. . However, the 1930s can be considered the decade in which the field began to establish its own mechanisms for selecting and training personnel, albeit with a strong subordination to the medical and pedagogical fields, and the Army’s Revista de Educação Física is seen as a materialisation of this process, as it published texts by agents with different positions (PAIVA, 2004PAIVA, Fernanda Simone Lopes de. Notas para pensar a educação física a partir do conceito de campo. Perspectiva, v. 22, n. esp., p. 51–82, 2004. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/perspectiva/article/view/10337. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2018.
https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/per...
).

Graph 1
Number of journals launched per decade

At that time, the scientific nature of the texts was incipient and became more pronounced in the journals that were launched in the second half of the 20th century. This can be seen in the fact that in 1979 the Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte (CBCE) published the first volume of the Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte (RBCE), which has been published uninterruptedly since its launch. It is therefore the longest-running scientific journal in Brazilian physical education (LAZZAROTTI FILHO, 2018LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira. Motrivivência, v. 30, n. 54, p. 35–50, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v30n54p35
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v3...
).

Most of the journals were launched4 4 Conforme delimitado na seção metodológica, estes resultados referem-se somente aos periódicos em atividade. Portanto, existem outros periódicos que foram criados e tiveram circulação nas décadas presentes no gráfico 1 mas que não entraram no estudo. in the 1990s (10) and 2000s (15). During this period, physical education had gone through and was still feeling the repercussions of the debates about its identity, from the Renewal Movement of the 1980s to the expansion of research and postgraduate studies in the 1990s and 2000s (BRACHT, 2010BRACHT, Valter. A Educação Física brasileira e a crise da década de 1980: entre a solidez e a liquidez. In: MEDINA, João Paulo Subirá (org.). A Educação Física cuida do corpo...e “mente”. 25. ed. Campinas: Papirus, 2010. p. 99–116.; LIMA; SILVA, 2009LIMA, Lana Ferreira de; SILVA, Reseane Patrícia de Souza e. Trajetória histórica da produção do conhecimento difundida nos periódicos da área da Educação Física no Brasil: 1930-2000. Diálogos e Interação, v. 2, 2009.; LOVISOLO, 1998LOVISOLO, Hugo Rodolfo. A paisagem das tribos da Educação Física. Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes, v. 3, n. 12, 1998. Disponível em: https://www.efdeportes.com/efd12/hlov1.htm. Acesso em: 14 fev. 2023.
https://www.efdeportes.com/efd12/hlov1.h...
; MEDINA, 2007MEDINA, João Paulo Subirá. A educação física cuida do corpo e...”mente”: bases para a renovação e transformação da educação física. 22. ed. Campinas: Papirus, 2007.) and the solidification of the scientific modus operandi (LAZZAROTTI FILHO et al., 2012LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari et al. Modus operandi da produção científica da educação física: uma análise das revistas e suas veiculações. Revista da Educação Física/UEM, v. 23, n. 1, p. 1–14, 2012. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/refuem/a/yXNdTpf7DdfYS3xyNYWzcCF/. Acesso em 14 fev. 2023.
https://www.scielo.br/j/refuem/a/yXNdTpf...
; LAZZAROTTI FILHO; SILVA; MASCARENHAS, 2014LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari; SILVA, Ana Márcia; MASCARENHAS, Fernando. Transformações contemporâneas do campo acadêmico-científico da Educação Física no Brasil: novos habitus, modus operandi e objetos de disputa. Movimento, v. 20, n. esp., p. 67–80, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.48280
https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.48280...
).

The increase in the number of journals in the 1990s can be partly explained as a result of technological advances in communications, which made the publishing process faster and easier, specifically in the stages of preparing, sending and receiving articles for evaluation and publication, the latter still in print (FERREIRA NETO; NASCIMENTO, 2002FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio et al. Catálogo de periódicos de Educação Física e Esporte (1930-2000). Vitória: Proteoria, 2002.). On the other hand, this decade partly reflected the unfolding of disputes in the field, with six new generalist journals and four new thematic journals.

The 2000s saw a number of milestones for physical education, including the consolidation of various changes in the structure of Brazilian postgraduate programmes since the 1990s (MANOEL; CARVALHO, 2011MANOEL, Edison de Jesus; CARVALHO, Yara Maria de. Pós-graduação na educação física brasileira: a atração (fatal) para a biodinâmica. Educação e Pesquisa, v. 37, n. 2, p. 389–406, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-97022011000200012
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-9702201100...
). This process mixed elements of the disputes that took place in the 1970s and 1980s, with the infusion of dialogues and debates related to pedagogical, sociological and philosophical perspectives on the body, sport, movement and culture, challenging the current hegemonic perspectives, consolidating researchers, research groups and theoretical approaches more closely linked to the human and social sciences (LAZZAROTTI FILHO; SILVA; MASCARENHAS, 2014LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari; SILVA, Ana Márcia; MASCARENHAS, Fernando. Transformações contemporâneas do campo acadêmico-científico da Educação Física no Brasil: novos habitus, modus operandi e objetos de disputa. Movimento, v. 20, n. esp., p. 67–80, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.48280
https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.48280...
; SILVEIRA; STIGGER; MYSKIW, 2019SILVEIRA, Raquel da; STIGGER, Marco Paulo; MYSKIW, Mauro. Multiplicando as ciências: um estudo etnográfico sobre fazeres científicos da Educação Física. Movimento, v. 25, n. 1, p. 25019, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.82693
https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.82693...
).

The implementation of the Electronic Journal Publishing System (SEER) was another milestone in the 2000s, since the free software with customisations, made available by the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), was adopted by the journals (LAZZAROTTI FILHO, 2018LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira. Motrivivência, v. 30, n. 54, p. 35–50, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v30n54p35
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v3...
; SILVA; PIRES, 2014SILVA, Mauricio Roberto da; PIRES, Giovani de Lorenzi. Motrivivência, 25: registros de uma trajetória, perspectivas de continuidade. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, v. 36, n. 4, p. 780–789, 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2014.11.012
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2014.11.0...
; STIGGER; FRAGA; MOLINA NETO, 2014STIGGER, Marco Paulo; FRAGA, Alex Branco; MOLINA NETO, Vicente. Os editoriais contam histórias: experiências do ofício de editor na revista Movimento. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, v. 36, n. 4, p. 790–801, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2014.11.013
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2014.11.0...
). This process transformed the dynamics of editorial management and the publication of articles, since the digital and online format offers greater reach and permeability, even though some publications have maintained both print and digital formats.

In addition to the creation of new journals, the dynamic change in focus and scope of two publications towards the humanities and social sciences stands out. The change in scope of Movimento in 2003, nine years after its creation, reinforces the argument about a demarcation regarding the understanding of the dynamics that move the academic-scientific field of physical education. Stigger, Fraga and Molina Neto (2014)STIGGER, Marco Paulo; FRAGA, Alex Branco; MOLINA NETO, Vicente. Os editoriais contam histórias: experiências do ofício de editor na revista Movimento. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, v. 36, n. 4, p. 790–801, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2014.11.013
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2014.11.0...
give clues to this process by portraying the historical path of the journal, which in 1994 had been created with a perspective close to studies carried out in the social, cultural, philosophical and political spheres that permeated physical education but also received contributions from articles close to the biological sciences.

Along similar lines to Movimento, in 2019 Pensar a Prática also changed its focus and scope, reinforcing its proximity to the sociocultural and pedagogical sub-areas of physical education. This decision aimed to establish even stronger ties with the sociocultural and pedagogical dimensions of physical education, making the journal a place of interest for this specific scientific community (RODRIGUES, 2019RODRIGUES, Heitor de Andrade. Editorial. Pensar a Prática, v. 22, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.revistas.ufg.br/fef/article/view/57939. Acesso em: 4 nov. 2021.
https://www.revistas.ufg.br/fef/article/...
).

In addition to the academic-scientific field, this period also saw an expansion in the field of training and professional practice, a reflection of the creation of new physical education courses whose growth was accentuated in the period 1995-2015 (BROCH et al., 2020BROCH, Caroline et al. A expansão da Educação Física no ensino superior brasileiro. Journal of Physical Education, v. 31, n. 1, p. 3143, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/JPHYSEDUC.V31I1.3143
https://doi.org/10.4025/JPHYSEDUC.V31I1....
). In the last two decades of the 20th century, there was a clear expansion of the possibilities for entering the labour market, reaching other services in addition to the mainly formal education, with an increase in offers in the sports and leisure fields (FONSECA; SOUZA NETO, 2020FONSECA, Rubiane Giovani; SOUZA NETO, Samuel. Educação Física, profissionalização e mercado de trabalho: uma análise sobre o projeto profissional. Movimento, v. 26, n. 1, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.98699.
https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.98699...
).

According to Proni (2010)PRONI, Marcelo Weishaupt. Universidade, profissão Educação Física e o mercado de trabalho. Motriz, v. 16, n. 3, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5016/1980-6574.2010v16n3p788
https://doi.org/10.5016/1980-6574.2010v1...
, the broadening of the academic-scientific field is closely linked to the increase in the supply of professional training in the area, which is directly affected by the growth in demand for services and the expansion of the labour market for graduates of physical education courses. The Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that offer professional training are sometimes also dedicated to research, especially universities, and concentrate a significant part of Brazil’s intellectual production. In this scenario, advances in the field of research, professional training and postgraduate programmes have become intertwined.

4 INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS IN BRAZILIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The institutional affiliations that journals establish with higher education institutions (HEI) and scientific associations may be an indicator of the above scenario, since the insertion of a journal in courses, departments or even educational institutions shows that it disseminates products from scientific activity. On the other hand, the creation of journals by scientific associations shows that there is a demand for the flow of production originating inside and outside these associations, which represent agents in the scientific field, organised in a group format whose affinity is based on the relationship between themes, objects and subjects that permeate the field. Graph 2 shows the institutional affiliation of the 39 journals.

Graph 2
Type of institution to which the journals are affiliated

It is noteworthy that 13 journals are affiliated with 10 scientific associations that are related to physical education. These are societies, colleges, and associations whose journals are channels for disseminating the knowledge produced by their members or even those who are not part of the organisation but decide to publish their articles due to the journal’s prestige and/or thematic proximity. The majority (11 of the 13) are thematic, since only RBCE has a general scope, and the Revista da ALESDE has its focus and scope directed towards sociocultural approaches to sport. This data allows us to understand another aspect of the diversification and development of the academic-scientific field of physical education, which is the presence of different groups organised around themes and research objects that permeate the field and the journals.

The scientific associations launched their journals mainly in the 2000s (7 of the 13), which corroborates the data presented earlier in Graph 1, with most thematic journals being created in that decade. In addition to the above, it can be inferred that the existence of 10 different associations is indicative of the process of expansion of the scientific field of physical education, since they represent the connection of researchers around common objects, themes and theories.

It should be noted that these journals maintain some affiliation with higher education institutions, as they may have professors working in higher education on their editorial board, which may offer some institutional support for the editor or even guarantee some working conditions that allow them to carry out the editorial function, even if on a voluntary basis.

Another 23 journals are mainly affiliated with HEIs, in the form of study and research groups, courses, departments and faculties. This implies a direct connection between the institutions that carry out professional training and the production and dissemination of knowledge. These journals are linked to 21 universities and a college (the Jundiaí School of Physical Education, which only Pulsar is linked to).

Graph 3 shows the number of journals grouped by HEI administrative category and expresses a scenario in which public universities are the main organisations providing institutional support for the journals studied. This reinforces the view that scientific journals in Brazil are entwined to the higher education structure, especially those maintained by public resources (JOB, 2013JOB, Ivone. Gestão editorial das revistas brasileiras do campo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte. 143 f. 2013. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências do Movimento Humano) – Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2013.; JOB et al., 2019JOB, Ivone et al. Editoração de revistas científicas na Educação Física brasileira: desafios dos editores em vista da qualificação e do prestígio. In: CARNEIRO, Felipe Ferreira Barros; FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio; SANTOS, Wagner dos (org.). A comunicação científica em periódicos. Curitiba: Appris, 2019. p. 261–309.; LAZZAROTTI FILHO, 2018).

Graph 3
Administrative category of the HEI to which the journals are affiliated

The data also shows ties to training, both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, so the journals can express the scenario in which the training aspects of the HEIs are intertwined with scientific production. It is no coincidence that journals affiliated with educational institutions began to be implemented in the 1980s, which coincides mainly with the implementation of the first stricto sensu postgraduate courses in the field (BRACHT, 2015BRACHT, Valter. Educação Física, método científico e reificação. In: STIGGER, Marco Paulo (org.). Educação Física + Humanas. Campinas: Autores Associados, 2015. p. 1–21.; FERREIRA NETO, 2004; LIMA; SILVA, 2009LIMA, Lana Ferreira de; SILVA, Reseane Patrícia de Souza e. Trajetória histórica da produção do conhecimento difundida nos periódicos da área da Educação Física no Brasil: 1930-2000. Diálogos e Interação, v. 2, 2009.).

In this sense, the presence of journals in organisational structures that allow them to be disseminated beyond the field of physical education, as well as enabling them to be accessed in different locations and languages, can be seen as an indicator of a process of development in publishing practices.

5 INDEXING SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS IN BRAZILIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Databases are organisers of information which, in addition to their storage function, make it possible to extract new indicators and analyses based on predetermined and specific criteria for each search, the results of which are retrieved efficiently and accurately (MUGNAINI, 2003MUGNAINI, Rogério. A bibliometria na exploração de bases de dados: a importância da Linguística. Transinformação, v. 15, n. 1, p. 45–52, 2003. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/tinf/a/JX5JCvjgFQVKmQ4KRqDxwfw/?lang=pt. Acesso em: 14 fev. 2023.
https://www.scielo.br/j/tinf/a/JX5JCvjgF...
; MUGNAINI; PIO; PAULA, 2019MUGNAINI, Rogério; PIO, Liliane Aparecida Sanches; PAULA, Angélica de Souza alves de. A comunicação científica em periódicos no Brasil: índices de citação indexadores e indicadores bibliométricos na avaliação da ciência. In: CARNEIRO, Felipe Ferreira Barros; FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio; SANTOS, Wagner dos (org.). A comunicação científica em periódicos. Curitiba: Appris, 2019. p. 233–273.).

Indexing in databases has been a constant demand in the daily life of journals. They guarantee the storage, processing and preservation of information, facilitate the generation of literature usage data with a certain national and international visibility, as well as partially validating the journal, insofar as more competitive databases have more disputed entry and permanence criteria (JOB et al., 2019JOB, Ivone et al. Editoração de revistas científicas na Educação Física brasileira: desafios dos editores em vista da qualificação e do prestígio. In: CARNEIRO, Felipe Ferreira Barros; FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio; SANTOS, Wagner dos (org.). A comunicação científica em periódicos. Curitiba: Appris, 2019. p. 261–309.).

This process can be noticed in the minimum requirements, such as adherence to editorial and ethics programmes, requirements for certain languages when publishing, diversification of the editorial staff, archiving policies and digital preservation of collections (PADULA, 2019PADULA, Danielle. Indexação de periódicos: Padrões essenciais e porque são importantes. SciELO em Perspectiva, 2019. Disponível em: https://blog.scielo.org/blog/2019/08/28/indexacao-de-periodicos-padroes-essenciais-e-porque-sao-importantes/#.YmiKd9rMJPZ. Acesso em: 26 abr. 2022.
https://blog.scielo.org/blog/2019/08/28/...
).

The 39 journals in this study report on their websites that they are members of various databases and catalogues, often without differentiating between them or listing them generically. For analytical purposes, it was decided to identify these journals as belonging to the group of indexers and catalogues considered by Job (2013)JOB, Ivone. Gestão editorial das revistas brasileiras do campo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte. 143 f. 2013. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências do Movimento Humano) – Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2013.: Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, SPORTDiscus, SciELO and LILACS.

In addition to these, other indexers considered in Qualis Journals 2013-2016 were listed: CINAHL, Redalyc, and Latindex (RODACKI et al., 2017RODACKI, André Luiz Felix et al. Critérios de classificação Qualis área 21 - Educação Física, Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional. Brasília: CAPES, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/capes/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/CRITRIOS_DE_CLASSIFICAO__QUALIS_EDUCAO_FSICA.pdf. Acesso em: 14 fev. 2023.
https://www.gov.br/capes/pt-br/centrais-...
). In turn, PubMed and Google Scholar were added to this process due to their use among the evaluation criteria for Qualis Único in Area 21 (GUIRRO; FORJAZ; NAVAS, 2019GUIRRO, Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus; FORJAZ, Cláudia Lúcia de Maraes; NAVAS, Ana Luiza Gomes Pinto. Relatório do Qualis Periódicos Área 21: Educação Física. Brasília: CAPES, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/capes/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/relatorio-qualis-educacao-fisica-pdf. Acesso em: 14 fev. 2023.
https://www.gov.br/capes/pt-br/centrais-...
). Graph 4 shows the number of journals indexed in each of these databases and catalogues.

Graph 4
Number of journals per database or catalogue

Due to its automated nature, it is understood that Google Scholar “incorporates” all the publications on the web, as long as the journal websites are visible to the search engines for collecting information (GOOGLE, 2022GOOGLE. About Google Scholar, 2022. Disponível em: https://scholar.google.com.br/intl/pt-BR/scholar/about.html. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2022.
https://scholar.google.com.br/intl/pt-BR...
; PADULA, 2019PADULA, Danielle. Indexação de periódicos: Padrões essenciais e porque são importantes. SciELO em Perspectiva, 2019. Disponível em: https://blog.scielo.org/blog/2019/08/28/indexacao-de-periodicos-padroes-essenciais-e-porque-sao-importantes/#.YmiKd9rMJPZ. Acesso em: 26 abr. 2022.
https://blog.scielo.org/blog/2019/08/28/...
). However, the mechanism is controversial in terms of its accuracy, its ability to distinguish duplicate publications, the possibility of searching by journal, the lack of a complete list of all indexed journals and the difficulty in filtering out elements such as self-citation and the inaccuracy of its metrics, specifically the h-index, which incorporates all the sensitive elements listed and is not highly reliable (FALAGAS et al., 2008FALAGAS, Matthew E. et al. Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: strengths and weaknesses. The FASEB Journal, v. 22, n. 2, p. 338–342, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1096/FJ.07-9492LSF
https://doi.org/10.1096/FJ.07-9492LSF...
; PINTO et al., 2018PINTO, Adilson Luiz et al. Periódicos científicos brasileiros indexados no Google Scholar Metrics. Informação & Sociedade: Estudos, v. 24, n. 2, p. 18–1, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22478/UFPB.1809-4783.2020V30N4.57048
https://doi.org/10.22478/UFPB.1809-4783....
).

As the databases add more complex and demanding criteria for entry and permanence, the number of journals indexed in them decreases. This can be seen in the fact that five journals that appear in SciELO are also part of the Scopus collection, and only one of them appears in Web of Science.

It can be said that these databases include a small number of journals as they have criteria and requirements that can be challenging for editorial teams and demand a high mobilisation of staff and resources, according to Job et al. (2019)JOB, Ivone et al. Editoração de revistas científicas na Educação Física brasileira: desafios dos editores em vista da qualificação e do prestígio. In: CARNEIRO, Felipe Ferreira Barros; FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio; SANTOS, Wagner dos (org.). A comunicação científica em periódicos. Curitiba: Appris, 2019. p. 261–309.. Criteria for entry are more or less strict, depending on the database.

On the other hand, their presence in these databases guarantees a differentiated “status” for these journals, specifically if we look at CAPES’ evaluation criteria, which tends to prioritise their presence in Web of Science and Scopus and the metrics generated in these databases. It should be noted that there are criticisms of this process, to the extent that the evaluation is considered unequal and does not take into account the specificities of the sciences practised in the field (FÓRUM DE EDITORES..., 2019FÓRUM DE EDITORES DE PERIÓDICOS CIENTÍFICOS DA ÁREA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA. Carta de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre: [s. n.], 2019. Disponível em: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/Movimento/carta_porto_alegre. Acesso em: 21 ago. 2020.
https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/Moviment...
; HALLAL; MELO, 2017HALLAL, Pedro Curi; MELO, Victor Andrade de. Crescendo e enfraquecendo: um olhar sobre os rumos da Educação Física no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, v. 39, n. 3, p. 322–327, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2016.07.002.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2016.07.0...
; RIGO et al., 2012RIGO, Luis Carlos; RIBEIRO, Gabriela; HALLAL, Pedro. Unidade na diversidade: desafios para a Educação Física no século XXI. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, v. 16, n. 4, p. 339–345, 2012. Disponível em: https://rbafs.org.br/RBAFS/article/view/631. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2020.
https://rbafs.org.br/RBAFS/article/view/...
; VAZ; ALMEIDA; BASSANI, 2014).

Table 1 groups together the journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, as well as giving indications of their metrics and classification according to percentile and quartile in each. Of the three journals indexed in the Web of Science, only Movimento has an Impact Factor (0.523) as it is included in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) and is part of the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Podium and Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol joined the database in 2020 and are part of the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), but are not yet listed in the JCR, so they do not yet have an Impact Factor5 5 De acordo com o anúncio da Clarivate™, a partir de 2023 o JCR irá contemplar também a ESCI e os periódicos que nelas constarem terão o fator de impacto calculado (QUAEDRI, 2022). .

Table 1
Journals indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, in alphabetical order

Regarding the metrics, none of the journals occupy higher positions within the percentile of the areas in which they are categorized. This shows a certain difficulty in ranking citations and expresses the difficulty that Brazilian journals have faced in establishing channels of communication with international agents and institutions, most of the components of these databases.

The context of the language of publication may be an element that limits these journals, since Portuguese is the standard adopted in the texts of these journals (except for Motriz and Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, which publish exclusively in English). Despite providing metadata in English, this is insufficient if we think only of international visibility.

Considering the English language as the main language for publications has been generating debate in the academic-scientific field, since internationalisation through the use of this language as the standard for communicating science has been gradually adopted by agents and institutions. Although not “mandatory” in some databases depending on the journal’s field, it is a fact that English favours communication on a global level, especially for knowledge produced close to the natural sciences. For sciences produced in close proximity to the humanities, this language is adopted with less commitment. This is due to the logic of constructing the meanings of this type of research, which is closer to the context in which it takes place, has constitutive elements based on local specificities that cannot be generalised and is, therefore, more difficult to think about and elaborate categorically in a language that is not the researcher’s native language (ORTIZ, 2004ORTIZ, Renato. As ciências sociais e o inglês. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, v. 19, n. 54, p. 5–22, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-69092004000100001
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-6909200400...
).

In the case of physical education, the varied scientific practices are also manifested in the issue of language, and may partially explain this process of low adherence to the field’s journals in international databases, or even in national ones, such as SciELO6 6 A porcentagem mínima de publicações em língua inglesa varia conforme as áreas temáticas (SCIELO, 2022). , since the field has journals that establish direct communications with different areas of knowledge but are evaluated by metrics aligned with the scientific practices of the natural sciences (FORUM OF EDITORS..., 2019FÓRUM DE EDITORES DE PERIÓDICOS CIENTÍFICOS DA ÁREA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA. Carta de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre: [s. n.], 2019. Disponível em: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/Movimento/carta_porto_alegre. Acesso em: 21 ago. 2020.
https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/Moviment...
).

In addition to the language issue, another relevant aspect is the way the journals were structured and their search condition for indexing. Of the seven journals listed in Table 1, only two were launched in the 2000s (Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol, 2009, and Podium, 2012). The other five journals were launched in the second half of the 20th century, namely: the 1970s (Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, 1979), the 1980s (Journal of Physical Education, 1989) and the 1990s (Movimento, 1994, Motriz, 1995 and Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 1999).

There is a small group of journals that manage to enter the most highly valued databases and a large group of journals that are still in the process of being indexed in catalogues and indexes with less value. This may be an indication of the maturing process of the scientific field, as the journals act and react to external pressures, and scientific practice is incorporated into the habitus of the agents with whom they dialogue.

Thinking about the organisation of the field (BOURDIEU, 2004BOURDIEU, Pierre. Os usos sociais da ciência: por uma sociologia clinica do campo cientifico. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2004.), the validation of what is legitimate can be seen in the disputes between agents, e. g. the battles fought to guarantee hegemony through the possession of a certain capital, which in the scientific field can be recognised as the position of journals in prestigious places/positions. This scenario involves the organisation of the journal as a vehicle for communication and the formation of the scientific field but its logic is built on the work of agents who are in the field and who also have their own capital, so they have specific dispositions and strategies for accumulating this capital.

The existence of at least 39 journals characteristic of this field, distributed across multiple thematic and epistemological axes with some longevity, since the average circulation time7 7 Análise que levou em consideração a data de implementação, subtraída do ano de realização desta pesquisa, 2022, obtendo-se o valor de “tempo de vida” de cada periódico. A partir desse dado, estimou-se a média e o desvio padrão. Esses valores tendem a aumentar com o passar do tempo mas podem se reduzir caso os periódicos encerrem suas atividades ou novos periódicos venham a compor o campo. of these journals is 21.7 years (±14.6), indicates that scientific journals are consolidated in the field of Brazilian physical education. The average lifespan of the journals in this study partially demonstrates this consolidation, since other studies have already addressed the existence of journals from the first half of the 20th century, albeit at different stages of development, which were not centred on disseminating the results of scientific activity and which, over the years, were closed or failed to keep their periodicity up to date (FERREIRA NETO et al., 2002FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio et al. Catálogo de periódicos de Educação Física e Esporte (1930-2000). Vitória: Proteoria, 2002.; LAZZAROTTI FILHO, 2018LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira. Motrivivência, v. 30, n. 54, p. 35–50, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v30n54p35
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v3...
; LIMA; SILVA, 2009LIMA, Lana Ferreira de; SILVA, Reseane Patrícia de Souza e. Trajetória histórica da produção do conhecimento difundida nos periódicos da área da Educação Física no Brasil: 1930-2000. Diálogos e Interação, v. 2, 2009.).

In this study, which used current journals as its analytical corpus, only Revista de Educação Física of the Army Physical Education School, which is 90 years old, Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, which is 43 years old, and Kinesis, which is 38 years old, have been in circulation longer than the average plus the standard deviation (36.6 years). The others are within this time frame, indicating a relatively young age in the structuring and implementation of the journals, which coincides with the very implementation and incorporation of the scientific modus operandi (LAZZAROTTI FILHO; SILVA; MASCARENHAS, 2014).

This brief overview of the 39 journals provides an understanding of the specific aspects of the structure of the academic-scientific field of physical education, in a process that is aligned with the very logic of the power relations within and outside it. However, a more detailed look at the specifics of each journal is necessary to understand how this process takes place, what challenges the journals face in their day-to-day activities, how the relationships between agents and institutions unfold in each one and how they position themselves in the field.

6 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

Scientific publishing is a social process that includes the structuring and existence of a network for communicating scientific activity through specialised channels, the journals. Individually, they are spaces that have gained prominence in the dissemination of systematised knowledge produced in the various sciences, with greater emphasis on the second half of the 20th century.

In the case of the scientific literature of Brazilian physical education, we can see that it is consolidated, since there are at least 39 journals that in some way represent the internal dynamics of the academic-scientific field, mostly affiliated with public HEIs, with growing participation of scientific associations in their composition. They have managed to enter different databases, although they face difficulties in reaching those with greater prestige in the face of their selective and exclusionary criteria.

This process was made clear when looking at the journals in this study, most of which were launched in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. The 2000s encompass most of this process, a period that coincides with the structuring and expansion of postgraduate studies in physical education, with an increase in the production and dissemination of research stemming from investigative actions within the academic logic of the field. At the same time, the process of migrating to digital publishing platforms, such as SEER, made possible by the partnership with IBICT, was of great value to the scenario presented.

The epistemological filters in the editorial policy are perceived as a movement by the journals to adapt to the field’s internal dynamics because, in the disputes for hegemony, the most consolidated habitus is more characteristic of the so-called biodynamics sub-area, which puts agents from the sociocultural and pedagogical sub-areas in heterodox positions. The existence of journals that objectively establish exclusive dialogues with the humanities and social sciences is evidence of the resistance of these agents and an attempt to shape the field.

The limits of this study lie in the difficulty of locating all the active scientific journals from a source other than Qualis Journals, the impossibility of stating which journals are the most relevant or even which is the most appropriate for each theme and object, as this would imply an in-depth analysis of the articles published in these journals, which goes beyond the official information on focus and scope. Another limitation is in relation to indexing since a cross-analysis based on the indexers could provide more detail on the total number of journals indexed in each database.

All these limits are possibilities for future studies, even though some of these themes have been partially investigated in other works mentioned above.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

This file was prepared by researchers Dr. Oromar Augusto dos Santos Nascimento1 1 O artigo é um desdobramento da tese de NASCIMENTO, Oromar Augusto dos Santos. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira: agentes, estruturas e disputas no processo de legitimação de um campo. 2022. 183 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Física) – Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2022. and Dr. Ari Lazzarotti Filho, based on the scientific journals of Physical Education that appeared in the Catalogue of Physical Education and Sports Journals* * FERREIRA NETO, Amarílio et al. Catálogo de periódicos de Educação Física e Esporte (1930-2000). 1. ed. Vitória: Proteoria, 2002. , and in Qualis Journals in the evaluation area Physical Education, quadrennium 2013-2016** ** Classificação, critérios e lista estão disponíveis para acesso no link: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/veiculoPublicacaoQualis/listaConsultaGeralPeriodicos.jsf. Acesso em 25 jul. 2023. .

In 2023, after a long process, the Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES) made available the documentation and list of journals classified in the area of Physical Education, which changed some information and classification of the journals that appear in this spreadsheet. For reasons of methodological coherence, it was decided to maintain the information according to the 2013-2016 Quadrennial, which guided the research in its data collection and analysis, which began in 2021 and ended in 2022.

Table 01
List of 39 scientific journals of Brazilian physical education, organized in alphabetic order according to their tittles.

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  • 1
    The article is an outcome of the thesis by NASCIMENTO, Oromar Augusto dos Santos. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira: agentes, estruturas e disputas no processo de legitimação de um campo. 2022. 183 f. Thesis (Doctorate in Physical Education) - Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, 2022.
  • 2
    Only the journal Coleção Pesquisa em Educação Física was not included in the classification, as it did not have elements on its website that could be used to identify its focus and scope.
  • 3
    This is the oldest journal in this study but it has undergone changes in its editorial policy and interruptions in periodicity. Since 2014, it has been published by the Army’s Physical Training Centre (CCFEx) and has kept its periodicity up to date, currently called Revista de Educação Física / Journal of Physical Education. Not to be confused with the Journal of Physical Education which corresponds to the former Revista da Educação Física of the State University of Maringá.
  • 4
    As outlined in the methodological section, these results only refer to journals that are still active. Therefore, there are other journals that were created and circulated in the decades shown in Graph 1 but which were not included in the study.
  • 5
    According to the announcement by Clarivate™, from 2023 onwards the JCR will also include the ESCI and the journals that appear in them will have their Impact Factor calculated (QUAEDRI, 2022QUAEDRI, Nandita. Announcing changes to the 2023 Journal Citation Reports - Clarivate, 2022. Disponível em: https://clarivate.com/blog/clarivate-announces-changes-to-the-2023-journal-citation-reports-release/. Acesso em: 27 jan. 2023.
    https://clarivate.com/blog/clarivate-ann...
    ).
  • 6
    The minimum percentage of publications in English varies according to subject area (SCIELO, 2022SCIELO. Critérios, política e procedimentos para a admissão e a permanência de periódicos na Coleção SciELO Brasil. 2022. São Paulo. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/media/files/20220900-criterios-scielo-brasil.pdf. Acesso em: 24 jun. 2023.
    https://www.scielo.br/media/files/202209...
    ).
  • 7
    This analysis considered the date of implementation, subtracted from the year in which this research was carried out (2022), resulting in a “lifetime” value for each journal. From this data, the average and standard deviation were estimated. These values tend to increase over time but may decrease if journals cease their activities or new journals join the field.
  • FINANCIAMENTO

    O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001. Decanato de Pós-graduação da Universidade de Brasília, Edital DPG Nº 0004/2021 - Apoio à execução de projetos de pesquisas científicas, tecnológicas e de inovação de discentes de pós-graduação.
  • ÉTICA DE PESQUISA

    A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética de Pesquisa (CEP) da Universidade Federal de Goiás, número do protocolo 27555319.6.0000.5083.
  • COMO REFERENCIAR

    NASCIMENTO, Oromar Augusto dos Santos; LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari. O periodismo científico da Educação Física brasileira: periódicos, instituições e indexadores. Movimento, v. 29, e29048. jan./dez. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.130313
  • FUNDING

    This work was carried out with the support of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES) - Funding Code 001. Postgraduate Deanship of the University of Brasilia, DPG Notice No. 0004/2021 - Support for the implementation of scientific, technological and innovation research projects by postgraduate students.
  • RESEARCH ETHICS

    The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Goiás, protocol number 27555319.6.0000.5083.
  • HOW TO CITE

    NASCIMENTO, Oromar Augusto dos Santos; LAZZAROTTI FILHO, Ari. Scientific journals in Brazilian Physical Education: publications, institutions and indexers. Movimento, v. 29, e29048. jan./dez. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.130313

Edited by

EDITORIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Alex Branco Fraga*, Elisandro Schultz Wittizorecki*, Mauro Myskiw*, Raquel da Silveira*
*Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    08 Jan 2024
  • Date of issue
    2023

History

  • Received
    24 Mar 2023
  • Reviewed
    24 Aug 2023
  • Accepted
    14 Nov 2023
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