Resumo em Português:

A pesquisa visou ao conhecimento das condições biológicas de algumas praias do litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, tendo sido os poliquetos os organismos indicadores. O material estudado proveio de um total de 191 estações, distribuídas em vários níveis da zona das marés, em onze praias da Enseada do Flamengo (continente) e Enseada das Palmas (Ilha Anchieta). Em cada estação foi amostrada uma área de 1/20 m² , com uma profundidade de 10 cm e medidos a temperatura, pH, salinidade e o teor de oxigênio dissolvido da água intersticial. Simultaneamente foram coletadas amostras da água do mar ao nível da baixa-mar, para medida dos mesmos parâmetros. As amostras de sedimento colhidas entre 5 e 10 cm de profundidade, foram analisadas quanto à granulometria, porosidade, conteúdo de calcário e de matéria orgânica. Os resultados mostram que tanto a granulometria, e o teor de matéria orgânica do substrato quanto às características da água intersticial têm papel relevante no condicionamento da endofauna dessas praias. Observou-se ainda ausência de macrofauna em praias de areia grossa com arrebentação intensa. Quando a areia da praia é fina e homogênea, constitui um substrato compacto, praticamente imune a ação das vagas, Esse tipo de substrato ocorre na Praia da Enseada (no continente) e Praia Grande da Ilha Anchieta. Nessas praias constatou-se a existencia das mesmas especies de poliquetos: Nerine agilis, Arenicola brasiliensis e Diopatra cf. cuprea. Os fatores mais seletivos forama salinidade e o teor de matéria orgânica. As espécies amplamente eurialinas, como Laeonereis culveri e Nevine agilis têm uma larga distribuição na faixa entre-marés; porem alcançam sua maior concentração em áreas de salinidade abaixo de 10‰. A Praia do Saco da Ribeira mostrou ser a mais diversificada, com 20 espécies de poliquetos, entre as quais Laeonereis culveri e Diopatra cf. cuprea, que, devido à alta freqüência, contribuem significantemente para a biomassa da área. Esta praia e a da Enseada revelaram certo grau de poluição que provavelmente tem também influência marcante sobre a seleção e distribuição da fauna.

Resumo em Inglês:

Polychaeta were used as indicator organisms for the study of some physical and biological conditions of the beaches of the northern coast of São Paulo, Samples were taken in 191 stations at different levels of the tidal zone, on 11 sandy beaches situated along Flamengo Bay (continent) and Palmas Bay (Anchieta Island). Sediment was analyzed for grain size distribution, porosity, organic matter and calcareous content. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Polychaeta fauna and measurements of temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity of the interstitial water were made. Macrofauna was found to be completely absent from the beaches of clean coarse sand which may be due to the quite unstable condition of the sand, intensively revolved by waves action. The fine sand of many beaches offers more consistent protection for a number of burrowing animals. The Enseada and Grande beaches (respectively on the continent and on Anchieta Island) show the same very fine and homogeneous sand, and as we could expect are inhabited by the same species of Polychaeta. Nerine agilis, Arenicola brasiliensis and also Diopatra cf. cuprea are frequently found on those fine sand beaches. The most selective factors were salinity and organic matter content. The euryhaline species Laeonereis culveri and Nerine agilis, have a wide distribution along the intertidal belt. Their highest density was recorded in areas of salinity below 10‰. The muddy sand of Saco da Ribeira beach showed the highest number of Polychaeta species, the abundance of Laeonereis culvert and Diopatra cf. cuprea contributing significantly to the biomass of this area. The occurrence of high levels of hydrogen sulphide is a characteristic on the Saco da Ribeira beach, where the sand a few centimeters below the surface is almost quite black. The corresponding very low concentrations of dissolved oxygen seems to be insufficient for many species living inside the sediment. We assume that the Polychaeta species found in those spots probably migrate to surface layers where the diffusion could supply oxygen. The Saco da Ribeira and Enseada beaches showed some degree of pollution, which may have affected che selective distribution of the Polychaeta fauna.

Resumo em Inglês:

Multiple range tests according to Kramer, 1956 were performed on 3 meristic and 15 morphometric characters of "pescada-foguete" (Macrodon ancylodon) samples collected off coast near Conceição da Barra (Espirito Santo State), Atafona, Macaé, Ubatuba cities, Bom Abrigo Island and Rio Grande do Sul State coast. It was also observed morphological differences in otoliths collected at each region. The number of statistical differences among samples and different morphological characteristics presented by otoliths suggested the existence of four populations along the studied area: (1) along Espírito Santo State coast; (2) near the region between Atafona and Macaé coasts; (3) along São Paulo, Paraná and north Santa Catarina States coasts and (4) along Rio Grande do Sul State coast. Probably the differentiation was caused by different environmental conditions observed among regions. Other papers about life history corroborate these results except for the Espírito Santo population about which there is no biological information up to the moment.

Resumo em Inglês:

Ninety-two samples taken during four océanographie cruises (January/February, April, August, October/November, 1972) provided material to study the bionomics and life history of Umbrina canosai. As many as 1477 specimens were examined to determine individual total length and weight, age (through otoliths readings) sex and maturity. A certain number of ovaries was examined to estimate their fecundity and determine spawning periodicity. Spatial distribution pattern of the species was obtained graphically for the different seasons using demographic isolines. Salinity, temperature and oxygen content of the bottom waters and depth related to the number of individuals caught by unit effort provided information to conclude that U. canosai migrates seasonally under the influence of the displacement of Subantarctic waters along the Southern Brazilian coast. A rather different spatial distribution was observed between immature and mature individuals. Spawning occurs throughout August/November and individuals spawn more than once during each spawning season. The recruitment of young specimens occurs during summer-autumn. There is no significant difference in the growth rate for both sexes. The weight/length relationship was significantly different for female and male values. It seems that U. canosai is closely associated with the presence of cold waters (below 16ºC).

Resumo em Português:

Relaciona-se neste trabalho a ocorrência de 11 famílias e 26 gêneros de diferentes espécies de larvas e jovens de peixes coletados na Ilha Anchieta, Ubatuba (Lat. 23º32'S - Long. 45º05'W), durante os anos de 1973 e 1974. Foram analisados todos os peixes coletados, procurando-se estabelecer o período das desovas através da ocorrência dos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento em que se encontravam, relacionando-os com as condições ambientais. A espécie mais abundante foi Eucinostomus sp., que ocorreu principalmente no verão. Umbrina coroides apareceu quase que durante o ano todo, Menticirrhus littoralis durante o inverno, enquanto que M. americanus ocorreu durante o verão. No outono, houve a ocorrência de Coleotropis sp. e a espécie mais abundante durante o inverno foi Anchoa lyolepis. Outras espécies que ocorreram em abundância durante o verão foram Albula vulpes, Sardinella brasiliensis, Harengula jaguana, Trachinotus carolinus e T. falcatus. Apresenta-se também a descrição morfológica de larvas e jovens de castanha (Umbrina coroides).

Resumo em Inglês:

Occurrences of fish larvae and juveniles taken by beach seine at the Ilha Anchieta (Lat. 23º32'S; Long. 45º05'W) during the period from August 1973 to July 1974, were studied. The predominant species was Eucinostomus sp. (Gerreidae) which occurred more abundantly during summer season. Other species which occurred during hot summer season were: Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Albulidae), Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879), Harengula Jaguana Poey, 1865 (Clupeidae), Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766), Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carangidae), and Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sciaenidae). Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1856), occurred all the year-round. Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann & Marsh, 1902) (Engraulidae) occurred more abundantly during winter and Coleotropis sp. (Atherinidae) during autumn. Morphological description of larvae and juveniles of Umbrina coroides Cuvier, 1830 was given.

Resumo em Inglês:

The general characteristics of the seasonal variation of the thermohaline properties of the continental shelf water off Rio Grande do Sul, under non-conservative and quasi-synoptic conditions were analysed. The method applied - volumetric statistical T-S analysis allows the computation of the water masses budget from the knowledge of their temperature and salinity ranges. The data of 194 hydrographic stations from six oceanographic cruises between April 1968 and March 1969, were used. Water of Tropical and Subtropical origin (47,5% and 64% of the total volume during the winter and summer, respectively) was always present during the observation period. Subantarctic water has its maximum and minimum influences during the winter (15%) and summer (<3%), respectively. The average minimum and maximum temperature and salinity values of the water masses in the investigated region were observed in June (16,85ºC and 34,72‰), December (35,58‰) and March (20,82ºC).