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Political corruption is one of the most severe and complex problems facing new and old democracies. Fundamentally, it involves the abuse of public power for any kind of private benefit, including advantages to governing parties over their opposition. It thus defeats the principle of political equality inherent in democracy, as its protagonists can obtain or maintain power and political benefits disproportionate to what they would achieve through legitimate and forms of political competition. At the same time, it distorts the republican dimension of democracy because it makes public policies result, not from debate and public dispute between different projects, but from behind-the-scenes agreements that favor spurious interests. Despite the efficiency of classical methodological instruments such as opinion polls with structured questionnaires and qualitative research with focus groups, it is still possible to identify biases in the quality of the information collected on corruption. This article aims to address this issue by introducing two survey experiments, one conducted in 2014 and one in 2018. The 2014 survey indicated that there is a substantive difference between the direct question and the experimental question. The level of tolerance for corruption is much higher than the other methodological instruments point out. Comparison with the 2018 experiment allowed the validation and extrapolation of the results found by Moisés and Nunes de Oliveira (2018).

Résumé La corruption politique est l'un des problèmes les plus graves et les plus complexes auxquels sont confrontées les nouvelles et les anciennes démocraties. Fondamentalement, cela implique l'abus du pouvoir public pour tout type d'avantage privé, y compris les avantages des partis au pouvoir par rapport à leur opposition. Elle va ainsi à l'encontre du principe d'égalité politique inhérent à la démocratie, puisque ses protagonistes peuvent obtenir ou maintenir un pouvoir et des avantages politiques disproportionnés par rapport à ce qu'ils obtiendraient par des voies légitimes et légales de compétition politique. En même temps, elle dénature la dimension républicaine de la démocratie car, à cause d'elle, les politiques publiques résultent non pas de débats et de discussions publiques entre différents projets, mais d'accords en coulisses qui favorisent des intérêts fallacieux. Malgré l'efficacité des instruments méthodologiques classiques tels que les sondages d'opinion avec questionnaire structuré et la recherche qualitative avec focus group , il est encore possible d'identifier des biais dans la qualité des informations collectées sur la corruption. Cet article vise à résoudre ce problème en introduisant deux expériences d'enquête, l'une menée en 2014 et l'autre en 2018. L'enquête de 2014 a indiqué qu'il existe une différence substantielle entre la question directe et la question expérimentale. Le niveau de tolérance à l'égard de la corruption est beaucoup plus élevé que ne le signalent les autres instruments méthodologiques. La comparaison avec l'expérience de 2018 a permis la validation et l'extrapolation des résultats trouvés par Moisés et Nunes de Oliveira (2018).

Resumen La corrupción política es uno de los problemas más graves y complejos que enfrentan las nuevas y viejas democracias. Fundamentalmente, implica en el abuso del poder público para cualquier tipo de beneficio privado, incluidas las ventajas de los partidos de gobierno sobre su oposición. Derrota así el principio de igualdad política inherente a la democracia, ya que sus protagonistas pueden obtener o mantener poder y beneficios políticos desproporcionados a los que lograrían a través de formas legítimas y legales de competir políticamente. Al mismo tiempo, distorsiona la dimensión republicana de la democracia porque hace que las políticas públicas resulten no del debate y la disputa pública entre diferentes proyectos, sino de acuerdos entre bastidores que favorecen intereses espurios. A pesar de la eficiencia de los instrumentos metodológicos clásicos, como las encuestas de opinión con cuestionario estructurado y la investigación cualitativa con grupos focales, aún es posible identificar sesgos en la calidad de la información recolectada sobre corrupción. Este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar este problema mediante la introducción de dos experimentos de encuesta, uno realizado en 2014 y otro en 2018. La encuesta de 2014 indicó que existe una diferencia sustancial entre la pregunta directa y la pregunta experimental. El nivel de tolerancia a la corrupción es muy superior al que señalan los demás instrumentos metodológicos. La comparación con el experimento de 2018 permitió la validación y extrapolación de los resultados encontrados por Moisés y Nunes de Oliveira (2018).

Resumo A corrupção política é um dos problemas mais graves e complexos enfrentados pelas novas e velhas democracias. Fundamentalmente, ela envolve o abuso de poder público para qualquer tipo de benefício privado, incluindo vantagens para partidos de governo. Desqualifica, assim, o princípio de igualdade política inerente à democracia, pois seus protagonistas podem obter ou manter poder e benefícios políticos desproporcionais ao que conseguiriam por meio de formas legítimas e legais de competir politicamente. Ao mesmo tempo, a corrupção distorce a dimensão republicana da democracia porque faz com que as políticas públicas resultem, não do debate e da disputa pública entre diferentes projetos, mas de acordos de bastidores que favorecem interesses espúrios. Apesar da eficiência de instrumentos metodológicos clássicos como pesquisas de opinião com questionário estruturado e pesquisas qualitativas com grupos focais, ainda é possível identificar vieses na qualidade das informações coletadas sobre corrupção. Este artigo visa abordar essa questão apresentando dois experimentos de pesquisa, um realizado em 2014 e outro em 2018. A pesquisa de 2014 indicou que há uma diferença substantiva entre a pergunta direta e a pergunta experimental. O nível de tolerância à corrupção é muito superior ao apontado por outros instrumentos metodológicos. A comparação com o experimento de 2018 permitiu a validação e extrapolação dos resultados encontrados por Moisés e Nunes de Oliveira (2018).

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-01912023292270

Linear and undulating resistance training programming induce similar outcomes on physical fitness in elderly women
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Silva, Surama do Carmo Souza da

; Pires, Flavio de Oliveira

; Batista Junior, Marifran Tomé

; Serra, Larissa de Lourdes Padilha

; Reis, Carlos Brendo Ferreira

; Abreu, Leudyenne Pacheco de

; Pereira, Paula Tâmara Vieira Teixeira

; Cabido, Christian Emmanuel Torres

; Leite, Richard Diego

Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano

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2023, Volume 25 elocation e77528

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of two different types of resistance training programming (linear and daily undulating) on submaximal strength and functional capacity in elderly women. Twenty-two participants (64 ± 3 years) were randomly assigned to 2 training groups: linear programming (LP; n=12) and daily undulating programming (DUP; n =10). Functional capacity and submaximal strength (10RM) were analyzed before and after 12 weeks of resistance training. The results demonstrated improvement on strength and functional capacity after the resistance training period (p ≤ 0.05), except for the Bench Press (p = 0.30), for both groups DUP and LP. The Effect Size was, respectively, high for DUP (timed up and go test = -2.07, and timed sit test= 4.69), and high for LP (horizontal leg press = 2.35). For all other results, the effect size was trivial or small. No statistical difference was observed between programming models. The LP and DUP trainnings have similar results in increasing submaximal muscle strength in elderly women inexperienced in RT after 12 weeks of intervention (p ≤ 0,05). However, DUP appears to be more effective in increasing functional capacity. In practice, the professional can use both the LP and the DUP to improve the level of fitness in the early stages of training in this population. However, when the goal of programming is to increase functional capacity, DUP can be prioritized.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito de dois tipos diferentes de programação do treinamento de força (linear e ondulatório diário) na força submáxima e na capacidade funcional de mulheres idosas. Vinte e duas participantes (64 ± 3 anos) foram randomizados em 2 grupos experimentais: programação linear (PL; n=12) e programação ondulatória diária (POD; n=10). A capacidade funcional e a força submáxima (10RM) foram avaliadas antes e depois das 12 semanas de treinamento de força. Os resultados demonstraram melhora da força submáxima e da capacidade funcional após o período de treinamento (p ≤ 0,05), exceto para o exercício supino (p = 0,30), para ambos os grupos POD e PL. Foi encontrado um tamanho de efeito grande para a POD nos testes de sentar e caminhar = -2,07 e teste de sentar e levantar = 4,69, bem como na PL para o exercício leg press horizontal = 2,35. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre os modelos de programação. As programações LP e DUP têm resultados semelhantes no aumento da força muscular submáxima em mulheres idosas inexperientes em TR após 12 semanas de intervenção (p ≤ 0,05). No entanto, o DUP parece ser mais eficaz para aumentar a capacidade funcional. Na prática, o profissional pode usar tanto o LP quanto o DUP para melhorar o nível de condicionamento físico nos estágios iniciais do treinamento nessa população. Porém, quando o objetivo da programação é aumentar a capacidade funcional, o DUP pode ser priorizado.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2023v25e77528

Ruminal degradation and fermentation kinetics of the Mulato II grass (Convert HD364) under different sources of nitrogen fertilization
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Jacovetti, Reginaldo

; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza

; Basto, Debora de Carvalho

; Brunes, Ludmilla Costa

; Oliveira, Leonardo Guimarães

; Ribeiro, Renata Vaz

; Silva, Mirella Paula Costa e

; Arnhold, Emmanuel

; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar

Ciência Animal Brasileira

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2023, Volume 24 elocation e-75660

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract It is important to evaluate nutritional value of new grass species, which can be better characterized through rumen fermentation and degradation techniques. The aim was to evaluate the effects of Nitrogen (N) fertilization on the kinetics of fermentation and ruminal degradation of the Mulato II grass. Two distinct sources of N (common and protected urea) were used during two periods of the year (summer - I and autumn - II). A completely randomized experimental design was used, in a 2x4 factorial arrangement with three replicates. Fraction A changed based on N dosage. The passage rate (K) and effective degradability (ED) were influenced by sources and doses of N, while Fraction B and Lag Time were not influenced during period I. Fractions A and B and EDs were all influenced by N sources and doses during period II. Lag time and potential degradability were influenced by N sources only. Among the kinetics parameters of dry matter ruminal fermentation obtained during period I, only K1 was influenced by the interaction between N doses x sources, while the remaining parameters were only influenced by the N doses applied. As for period II, with the exception of K2, all remaining parameters were influenced by the interaction of N doses and sources. Protected urea improved fermentation parameters during period I. The dose equivalent to applying 150kg/ha positively influenced ruminal fermentation parameters of the Mulato II grass mainly in the summer. The use of protected urea as a Nitrogen source improved fermentation parameters in the summer.

Resumo É importante avaliar o valor nutricional de novas espécies forrageiras, parâmetro que pode ser melhor caracterizado por meio de técnicas de fermentação e degradação ruminal. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada (N) sobre a cinética de fermentação e degradação ruminal do capim Mulato II. Duas fontes de N (ureia comum e protegida) foram utilizadas em dois períodos do ano (verão - I e outono - II). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4 com três repetições. A fração A mudou com base na dosagem de N. A taxa de passagem (K) e a degradabilidade efetiva (DE) foram influenciadas pelas fontes e doses de N, enquanto a Fração B e Lag Time não foram influenciadas durante o período I. As frações A e B e DE foram influenciadas pelas fontes e doses de N durante o período II. Lag time e a degradabilidade potencial foram influenciadas apenas pelas fontes de N. Dentre os parâmetros cinéticos da fermentação ruminal da matéria seca obtidos no período I, apenas K1 foi influenciado pela interação entre doses de N x fontes, enquanto os demais parâmetros foram influenciados apenas pelas doses de N aplicadas. Já para o período II, com exceção do K2, todos os demais parâmetros foram influenciados pela interação das doses e fontes de N. A ureia protegida trouxe melhorias para os parâmetros fermentativos no período I. A dose equivalente à aplicação de 150kg/ha influenciou positivamente os parâmetros fermentativos ruminais do capim Mulato II, principalmente no verão. O uso de ureia protegida como fonte de nitrogênio melhorou os parâmetros de fermentação no verão.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v24e-75660e

Gestão das Tecnologias da Informação: Realidade e Desafios na Estratégia de Fortalecimento de Empreendimentos da Economia Solidária
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Alves, Jean Carlos Machado

; Melo, Alisson Marques de

; Andrade, Emmanuel Paiva de

; Oliveira, Fabrício Batista de

; Zotes, Luís Perez

RISTI - Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação

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sep 2022, N. 47 Pages 38 - 55

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As tecnologias da informação (TI) se tornaram importantes recursos para os diferentes processos de trabalho das organizações. No contexto de organizações da Economia Solidária (ES) a utilização dessas tecnologias pode se tratar de questões de sobrevivência e estratégia para a organização. Desta forma teve-se como objetivo investigar os desafios na gestão das tecnologias da informação no processo de fortalecimento de movimentos sociais solidários tendo como base as experiências de empreendimentos de Economia Solidária nas cidades de João Monlevade e Nova Era em Minas Gerais - Brasil. Quanto a metodologia realizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, observação participante, visitas in loco, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Buscou-se dados sobre o uso das TI, processos produtivos e a gestão nos empreendimentos. Os resultados demonstraram fragilidades, limitações, potencialidades, necessidades e desafios no que se refere a ES e TI. Mas, também oportunidades aos profissionais de TI atuarem como mediadores no processo de inclusão e desenvolvimento humano.

Abstract Information technologies (IT) have become important resources for the different work processes of organizations. In the context of Solidarity Economy (SE) organizations, the use of these technologies can be a question of their survival and strategy for the organization. In this way, the objective was to investigate the challenges in the management of information technologies in the process of strengthening social solidarity movements based on the experiences of Solidarity Economy ventures in the cities of João Monlevade and Nova Era in Minas Gerais - Brazil. As for the methodology, a qualitative approach was carried out, participant observation, on-site visits, bibliographic and documentary research. Data on the use of IT, production processes and management in the enterprises were sought. The results showed weaknesses, limitations, potentialities, needs and challenges with regard to ES and IT. But also opportunities for IT professionals to act as mediators in the process of inclusion and human development.

https://doi.org/10.17013/risti.47.38-55

Noncontact 3D evaluation of surface topography of reciprocating instruments after retreatment procedures
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Zaccaro-Scelza, Miriam Fatima

; Martinez, Renato Lenoir Cardoso Henrique

; Tavares, Sandro Oliveira

; Gonçalves, Fabiano Palmeira

; Montagnana, Marcelo

; Silva, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da

; Scelza, Pantaleo

Brazilian Dental Journal

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sep 2022, Volume 33 N. 3 Pages 38 - 46

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Este estudo avaliou os instrumentos Reciproc R25 e Pro-R 25 sem uso, após um primeiro e um segundo uso em retratamento endodôntico com perfilômetro 3D por interferometria de luz sem contato, microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) e testes de fadiga cíclica. Vinte dentes unirradiculares foram instrumentados com Reciproc R25 e obturados com guta-percha e cimento endodôntico. Um perfilômetro 3D com uma objetiva 20x usando o software Mx ™ foi usado para avaliar as superfícies da lâmina de corte do Reciproc e Pro-R (n = 5 por grupo) na condição sem uso, após o primeiro e após um segundo uso em procedimentos de retratamento. Após retratamento, o MEV foi usado para avaliar as características topográficas dos instrumentos utilizados. Testes de fadiga cíclica foram realizados para comparar instrumentos novos com instrumentos usados. O teste One-way ANOVA seguido pelo teste de Tukey foi usado para comparar os instrumentos testados nos diferentes estágios. Para comparar os diferentes instrumentos e para avaliação de fadiga cílcica, foi utilizado o Student t-test. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes nas superfícies das lâminas de corte dos instrumentos Reciproc e Pro-R antes e após um e dois usos (p> 0,05). O Reciproc na condição sem uso apresentou maior Sa e Sq quando comparado ao Pro-R (p <0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças entre Reciproc e Pro-R após um e dois usos (p> 0,05). O Reciproc sem uso apresentou maior tempo de fratura do que os instrumentos Pro-R (p<0,05), e apenas o Pro-R apresentou diferenças entre instrumentos novos e usados (p<0,05). Os procedimentos de retratamento com Reciproc e Pro-R não alteraram a topografia da superfície dos instrumentos. Reciproc apresentou maior resistência à fadiga cíclica em comparação com o Pro-R.

Abstract This study evaluated the Reciproc R25 and Pro-R 25 instruments in unused condition, after one and a second use in endodontic retreatment employing a noncontact 3D light interferometer profiler, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic fatigue tests. Twenty single-root teeth were instrumented with Reciproc R25 and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. A 3D profiler with a 20x objective using the Mx™ software was used to evaluate the cutting blade surfaces of Reciproc R25 and Pro-R 25 (n=5 per group) in unused condition, after the first and second uses in retreatment procedures. After retreatment, SEM was used to evaluate the topographic features of the used instruments. Cyclic fatigue tests were performed to compare new to used instruments. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test was used to compare the tested instruments before and after the first and second uses. Student t-test was used to compare the different instruments and for cyclic fatigue evaluation. No significant differences were observed in the cutting blade surfaces of Reciproc and Pro-R before and after one and two uses (p>0.05). Reciproc without use showed higher Sa and Sq when compared to Pro-R without use (p<0.05). No differences were observed between Reciproc and Pro-R after one and two uses (p>0.05). New and unused Reciproc showed longer time to fracture than Pro-R instruments (p<0.05), and only Pro-R showed differences between new and used instruments (p<0.05). Retreatment procedures with Reciproc and Pro-R did not change the surface topography of instruments. Reciproc had greater resistance to cyclic fatigue compared with Pro-R.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202204876

Accuracy of rapid point-of-care serological tests for leprosy diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Romero, Carmen Phang

; Castro, Rodolfo

; do Brasil, Pedro Emmanuel A

; Pereira, Daniella R

; Pinheiro, Roberta Olmo

; Toscano, Cristiana M

; de Oliveira, Maria Regina Fernandes

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2022, Volume 117 elocation e220317

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease, still endemic in many countries that may lead to neurological, ophthalmic, and motor sequelae if not treated early. Access to timely diagnosis and multidrug therapy (MDT) remains a crucial element in the World Health Organization’s strategy to eliminate the disease as a public health problem. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to evaluate the accuracy of rapid point-of-care (POC) tests for diagnosis of leprosy. METHODS Searches were carried out in electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CRD, Cochrane Library and LILACS) in April 2021 for patients with suspicion or confirmatory diagnostic of leprosy, classified in multibacillary (MB) or paucibacillary (PB) cases, performing rapid POC serological tests compared to clinical evaluation, smear microscopy and immunohistochemistry analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool (QUADAS-2). A meta-analysis was undertaken to generate pooled estimates of diagnostic parameters, presenting sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) values. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO, CRD # 42014009658. FINDINGS From 893 potentially relevant references, 12 articles were included reporting 16 diagnostic tests accuracy studies with 5395 individuals enrolled. Meta-analysis of NDO-LID and PGL-I tests data in MB patients showed sensitivity and specificity [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 0.83 (0.71-0.91), 0.91 (0.72-0.97); and 0.92 (0.86-0.96), 0.93 (0.78-0.98); respectively, with high heterogeneity among the studies. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results can inform policymakers regarding the possibility of implementing accurate, rapid POC tests for leprosy in public health services, especially within primary health care.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220317

Systematic review on efficacy of preventive measures for surgical site infection by multiple-drug resistant gram-negative bacilli
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Matos, Juliana Arruda de

; Gomes, Amanda da Silva

; Lima, Carla Ormundo G. Ximenes

; Schmaltz, Carolina Arana Stanis

; Oliveira, Cristiane Rocha de

; Silva, Grasiela Martins da

; Carijó, Júlia Herkenhoff

; Lopes, Marilena Aguiar

; Morais, Quenia Cristina Dias

; Brasil, Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga Americano do

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2022, Volume 26 N. 6 elocation 102705

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: There are no specific recommendations for prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB). Our objective was to systematically review the literature evaluating the efficacy and safety of measures specifically designed to prevent MDR-GNB SSI. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and LILACS databases up to February 18, 2020. Randomized trials and observational cohort studies evaluating the efficacy of preventive measures against MDR-GNB SSI in adult surgical patients were eligible. We evaluated methodological quality of studies and general quality of evidence using Newcastle-Ottawa scale, Cochrane ROBINS-I and GRADE method. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager V.5.3 software. Results: A total of 10,663 titles by searching databases were identified. Two retrospective observational studies, comparing surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) with or without aminoglycoside in renal transplantation recipients, and one non-randomized prospective study, evaluating ertapenem vs. cephalosporin plus metronidazole for SAP in extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriales carriers undergoing colon surgery, were included. Risk of bias was high in all studies. Meta-analysis was performed for the renal transplantation studies, with 854 patients included. Combined relative risk (RR) for MDR GNB SSI was 0.57 (95%CI: 0.25-1.34), favoring SAP with aminoglycoside (GRADE: moderate). Conclusions: There are no sufficient data supporting specific measures against MDR-GNB SSI. Prospective, randomized studies are necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of SAP with aminoglycoside for MDR-GNB SSI prevention among renal transplantation recipients and other populations. PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018100845.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102705

Mortalidad materna en Brasil y Cuba: estudio comparativo
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Esquenazi Borrego, Arelys

; Figueira dos Anjos Oliveira, Edineia

; Tavares Menandro, Leila Marchezi

; Odriozola Guitart, Silvia

; Pérez Soto, Olga

; Teixeira Garcia, Maria Lucia

; Santana Borges, Rodrigo Emmanuel

; Galeano Zaldívar, Laura

Revista Cubana de Salud Pública

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dec 2021, Volume 47 N. 4 elocation e2551

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maternal mortality is a public health problem at the international level. Its behavior is an expression of the comprehensive functioning of health systems, as well as the advancement of women's sexual and reproductive rights. Objective: Compare the maternal mortality indicators of Brazil and Cuba in the period 2005-2017. Methods: The implemented methodology responds to a documentary analysis. The main databases of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System of Brazil, and the statistical yearbooks published by the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba and the National Office of Statistics and Information were used as sources of information. Results: The target on maternal mortality within the Sustainable Development Goals is a requirement currently met by both countries. In Cuba, the figures for the Maternal Mortality Ratio remain at values always lower than those of the country itself in 2005; however, as of 2013 they show an increasing behavior. In Brazil, on the other hand, they are higher than those of Cuba and never decrease in relation to 2005, and present a marked growing trend. Conclusions: The maternal health programs analyzed for Brazil and Cuba show differentiated progress and challenges. The behavior of the indicators analyzed reaffirms the need to intensify actions to reduce maternal deaths in both countries, with more urgency for Brazil.

RESUMEN Introducción: La mortalidad materna constituye un problema de salud pública a nivel internacional. Su comportamiento es expresión del funcionamiento integral de los sistemas de salud, así como, del avance de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres. Objetivo: Comparar los indicadores de mortalidad materna de Brasil y Cuba en el periodo 2005-2017. Métodos: La metodología implementada responde a un análisis de tipo documental. Se utilizaron como fuentes de información las principales bases de datos del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil, y los anuarios estadísticos publicados por el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba y la Oficina Nacional de Estadística e Información. Resultados: La meta sobre mortalidad materna dentro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable es un requisito actualmente cumplido por los dos países. En Cuba, las cifras de la Razón de Mortalidad Materna se mantienen con valores siempre inferiores a los del propio país en el año 2005; no obstante, a partir de 2013 muestran un comportamiento creciente. En Brasil, por su parte, son superiores a las de Cuba y nunca disminuyen en relación con el año 2005, y presentan una marcada tendencia creciente. Conclusiones: Los programas de salud materna analizados para Brasil y Cuba muestran avances y desafíos diferenciados. El comportamiento de los indicadores analizados reafirma la necesidad de intensificar las acciones para la reducción de los óbitos maternos en los dos países, con más urgencia para Brasil.

Effect of dietary inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid on broiler performance
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Borges, Kamilla M

; Mello, Heloisa H de C

; Café, Marcos B

; Arnhold, Emmanuel

; Xavier, Hyara P F

; de Oliveira, Helder F

; Mascarenhas, Alessandra G

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias

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jun 2021, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 95 - 104

Abstract: Es Pt En | Text: Es Pt En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: La creatina suministra energía y el ácido guanidinoacético (GAA) es su precursor y actúa como sustrato energético, reduciendo la degradación proteica y evitando el desvío de aminoácidos para gluconeogénesis. Objetivo: Evaluar el GAA en la dieta de pre-iniciación (1 a 7 dias) sobre el desempeño, la digestibilidad y los parámetros sanguíneos de pollos entre 1 y 21 dias de edad. Métodos: Se utilizaron 252 pollitos de engorde machos de un día de edad, distribuidos en un diseño completamente al azar, con siete repeticiones y 12 aves por unidad experimental. Los tratamientos consistieron en: ración basal y ración basal adicionada con 0,10 y 0,20% de GAA. Resultados: En el período de 1 a 7 días se observó una tendencia de mejora de la conversión alimenticia (FC) en las aves que recibieron 0,20% de GAA (p<0,10). De 7 a 14 días hubo mejoría en FC y tendencia de mejora en ganancia de peso de los animales que recibieron 0,20% de GAA. Los animales que recibieron 0,20% de GAA presentaron mayor concentración sanguínea de creatina quinasa. La creatinina y la glucosa sanguínea a los seis días no difirieron entre los tratamientos. El coeficiente de metabolización de la proteína bruta aumentó en el período de 3 a 7 días en los animales que recibieron 0,20% de GAA. Para el período de 17 a 21 días no hubo diferencia entre los tratamientos. Para peso y longitud del intestino no se presentaron diferencias significativas. Conclusión: El GAA a un nivel de 0,20% en la dieta pre- inicial podria mejorar la ganancia de peso, y la conversión alimenticia en el período de 1 a 14 días de edad en pollos de engorde.

Resumo Antecedentes: A creatina é uma substância que fornece energia e o ácido guanidinoacético (GAA) é seu precursor atuando como substrato energético, menor degradação proteica evitando o desvio de aminoácidos para gliconeogênese. Objetivo: Avaliar o GAA em dietas pré-iniciais sobre o desempenho, a digestibilidade e parâmetros sanguíneos. Métodos: Foram utilizados 252 pintos de corte machos de um a 21 dias de idade distribuído sem delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sete repetições e 12 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram: ração basal e rações com 0,10 e 0,20% de GAA. Resultados: No período de 1 a 7 dias foi observada tendência de melhora da conversão alimentar (FC) (p<0,10) quando as aves receberam 0,20% de GAA. No período de 7 a 14 dias houve melhora na FC e tendência de melhora do ganho de peso dos animais que receberam 0,20% de GAA. Animais que receberam 0,20% de GAA apresentaram concentração sanguínea da enzima creatina quinase maior. A creatinina sanguínea aos seis dias e glicose sanguínea não diferiram entre os tratamentos. O coeficiente de metabolização da proteína bruta foi aumentado no período de 3 a 7 dias para animais que receberam 0,20% de GAA, para o período de 17 a 21 dias não houve diferença entre os tratamentos. Peso e comprimento do intestino não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Conclusão: O GAA em nível de 0,20% na dieta pré-inicial melhoram o ganho de peso, e a conversão alimentar no período de 1 a 14 dias de idade em frangos.

Abstract Background: Creatine and its precursor, guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), decrease protein degradation, avoiding amino acid offset to gluconeogenesis. Objective: To evaluate the inclusion of GAA in the pre-initial diet (1 to 7 days) on performance, digestibility, and blood parameters of broilers from one to 21 days of age. Methods: 252 male broiler chickens aged one day were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven replicates and 12 animals per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a basal diet, and the basal added with 0.10 and 0.20% GAA. Results: From days 1 to 7, a tendency on improved feed conversion (FC) was observed for broilers receiving 0.20% GAA (p<0.10). Between 7 and 14 days, FC improved, as well as a tendency was observed on improved weight gain in animals fed 0.20% GAA. Animals that received 0.20% GAA showed higher blood concentrations of creatine kinase. Blood creatine and blood glucose did not differ between treatments at day six. The assimilation coefficient of crude protein increased during days 3 to 7 for animals receiving 0.20% GAA. On the period between 17 and 21 days, no difference was observed between treatments. Intestinal weight and length did not show significant differences. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of 0.20% GAA during the pre-initial stage could improve weight gain and feed conversion of broilers between 1 and 14 days of age.

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v34n2a02 40 downloads

10.

Preeclampsia: Universal Screening or Universal Prevention for Low andMiddle-Income Settings?
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Rolnik, Daniel Lorber

; Carvalho, Mario Henrique Burlacchini de

; Lobo, Guilherme Antonio Rago

; Verlohren, Stefan

; Poon, Liona

; Baschat, Ahmet

; Hyett, Jon

; Thilaganathan, Basky

; Bujold, Emmanuel

; Costa, Fabricio da Silva

; Oliveira, Leandro De

; Diniz, Angélica Lemos Debs

; Prado, Caio Antônio de Campos

; Da Cunha Filho, Edson Vieira

; Souza, Francisco Lázaro Pereira De

; Korkes, Henri Augusto

; Ramos, José Geraldo

; Costa, Maria Laura

; Corrêa Junior, Mário Dias

; Sass, Nelson

; Cavalli, Ricardo De Carvalho

; Martins-Costa, Sérgio Hofmeister De Almeida

; Peraçoli, José Carlos

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

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apr 2021, Volume 43 N. 4 Pages 334 - 338

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1729953 83 downloads

11.

Comparison of geometric design, metallurgical features and mechanical behavior of ProTaper Gold SX and two replica-like instruments
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Martins, Jorge N.R.

; Silva, Emmanuel J.N.L.

; Marques, Duarte

; Arantes-Oliveira, Sofia

; Caramês, João

; Versiani, Marco Aurélio

Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial

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mar 2021, Volume 62 N. 1 Pages 1 - 8

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivos: Aferir o desenho geométrico, características metalúrgicas e desempenho mecânico dos instrumentos réplica (réplica-like) da lima SX do sistema ProTaper Gold (PTG SX). Métodos: A presente investigação envolveu a avaliação do desenho geométrico, proporções de Ti/Ni, temperaturas de transformação de fase, resistência a torção e flexibilidade de 2 instrumentos réplica SX (Premium Taper Gold e Go-Taper Flex) e da lima original PTG SX. Os grupos foram comparados usando os testes ANOVA unidirecional com post hoc Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis dependendo do tipo de distribuição (gaussiana ou não-gaussiana) dos resultados (teste de Shapiro-Wilk). A significância estatística foi definida a 0,05. Resultados: Os 3 instrumentos SX apresentavam 9 lâminas, ângulos de hélice de ~21o, lâminas simétricas sem radial lands, desenho seccional em triângulo convexo, e proporções quase equiatómicas de Ti/Ni. Foram observadas diferenças nas pontas dos instrumentos. A analise do acabamento superficial mostrou uma superfície mais lisa na Premium Taper Gold e uma mais irregular na Go-Taper Flex. Foram observadas distintas temperaturas de transformação da fase R (Rs inicial, Rf final), entre os instrumentos PTG (Rs~48oC e Rf~30oC), Go-Taper Flex (Rs~43oC e Rf~25oC) e Premium Taper Gold (Rs~30oC e Rf~15oC). Relativamente ao desempenho mecânico, a Go-Taper Flex apresentou menor torque máximo (0,5 N.cm) e maior resistência a flexão (582,2 gf) quando comparada com a PTG (0,8 N.cm e 447,1 gf) (P<0,05). Não foram identificadas diferenças entre a Premium Taper Gold e a PTG (P>0,05). Conclusões: Na globalidade, nenhuma das réplicas foi exatamente igual ao instrumento PTG SX original.

Abstract Objectives: To assess the characteristics, performance, and safety of ProTaper Gold SX (PTG SX) replica-like instruments. Methods: A multimethod research involving the assessment of geometric design (macro and through scanning electron microscope), Ti/Ni proportions (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), phase transformation temperatures (differential scanning calorimetry), torsional resistance, and flexibility was conducted to compare two SX replica-like instruments (Premium Taper Gold and Go-Taper Flex) with the original PTG SX. Results were compared using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis tests according to gaussian or non-gaussian distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The three SX instruments have nine cutting blades with helix angles of approximately 21o, symmetrical blade geometry without radial lands, a convex triangular cross-section design, and near equiatomic Ti/Ni atomic proportions. Design differences were observed at the tip geometry and surface finishing, which was smoother in the Premium Taper Gold and irregular in the Go-Taper Flex. Distinct R-phase start (Rs) and finish (Rf) phase transformation temperatures were noted between PTG (Rs ~48oC and Rf ~30oC), Go-Taper Flex (Rs ~43oC and Rf ~25oC), and Premium Taper Gold (Rs ~30oC and Rf ~15oC). In the mechanical tests, Go-Taper Flex presented lower maximum torque (mean 0.5 N.cm) and higher bending resistance (mean 582.2 gf) (less flexibility) than PTG (means 0.8 N.cm cliniand 447.1 gf) (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the mechanical tests between Premium Taper Gold and PTG (P>0.05). Conclusions: Overall, the tested replica-like systems showed different features compared to the original PTG SX instrument.

https://doi.org/10.24873/j.rpemd.2021.01.817 37 downloads

12.

Analysis of Scientific Production on Transformative Consumer Research and Transformative Service Research
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Gomes Neto, Manoel Bastos

; Silva, Lucas Emmanuel Nascimento

; Lima, Sérgio Henrique de Oliveira

; Grangeiro, Rebeca da Rocha

Organizações & Sociedade

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mar 2021, Volume 28 N. 96 Pages 77 - 111

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A Transformative Consumer Research (TCR) surgiu para preencher as lacunas e superar a fragmentação no campo da pesquisa em consumo no domínio do bem-estar. Este movimento deu origem à Transformative Service Research (TSR), estudos dedicados a identificar e avaliar os efeitos de bem-estar advindos dos serviços. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi mapear a produção científica sobre TCR e TSR, a partir de uma análise bibliométrica e uma análise de conteúdo de uma amostra de 114 artigos disponibilizados nas bases de dados Scopus, SciELO e SPELL. O estudo oferece um mapeamento dos periódicos e autores mais produtivos, das obras de maior impacto, além da análise das categorias temáticas e análises de redes. Os resultados mostram um discreto crescimento no interesse sobre o tema, o que indica a necessidade de intensificação de pesquisas no campo, voltadas principalmente a áreas de estudo tais como vulnerabilidade econômica, obesidade, consumo de álcool e drogas, indivíduos com deficiência física, práticas ambientais, adoção de estratégias sustentáveis, tecnologia e serviço social. No contexto brasileiro, identifica-se a necessidade de difundir o tema no âmbito acadêmico, ou seja, em programas de pós-graduação na área de marketing, revistas e eventos científicos. Em última análise, este trabalho é considerado um chamado a uma mudança nas perspectivas dos pesquisadores e avaliadores de periódicos em TCR e TSR.

Abstract Transformative Consumer Research (TCR) has emerged to fill the gaps and overcome fragmentation in the field of consumer research in the well-being domain. This movement gave rise to Transformative Service Research (TSR), which is aimed at identifying and evaluating the well-being effects arising from the services. The objective of this paper was to map the scientific production on TCR and TSR, based on a bibliometric analysis and a content analysis of a sample consisting of 114 studies available in the Scopus, SciELO and SPELL databases. Our study offers a map of the most productive journals and authors, the most impactful studies and an analysis of thematic categories and some network analyses. The results show a slight increase in the interest on the topic, which indicates the need for intensified research in the field, especially focused on areas of study such as economic vulnerability, obesity, alcohol and drug consumption, individuals with physical disabilities, environmental practices, and adoption of sustainable strategies, technology and social services. In the Brazilian context, we identified the need to disseminate the themes in the academic field, that is, postgraduate programs in marketing area, scientific journals and conferences. Finally, our study is considered a call for a change in the perspectives of researchers and journal reviewers in the field of consumer studies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302021v28n9604en 350 downloads

13.

Seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection among cattle in a quilombola community in the Brazilian cerrado
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Gomes, Daniella Ferreira Cordeiro

; Mendes, Lucas Andrade

; Dias, Juliana Moraes

; Ribeiro-Andrade, Müller

; Oliveira, Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de

; Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido

; Arnhold, Emmanuel

; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares

; Oliveira, Cairo Henrique Sousa de

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2021, Volume 30 N. 1 elocation e018720

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A ocorrência de anticorpos anti-T. gondii em bovinos, no bioma cerrado brasileiro, é pouco conhecida. Particularmente, não existem dados epidemiológicos relativos à infecção em terras quilombolas, áreas formadas por descendentes de escravos africanos refugiados. O estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência, a distribuição espacial e os fatores de risco associados à infecção por T. gondii em bovinos, na comunidade remanescente de quilombos Kalunga, no bioma cerrado. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 1.533 bovinos para detecção de anticorpos pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). A área em estudo foi dividida em cinco macrorregiões para determinação da distribuição espacial da infecção. Um questionário objetivo foi aplicado aos proprietários dos bovinos para a avaliação dos fatores de risco, os quais foram analisados por meio de análise univariada e regressão logística. Verificou-se ocorrência de anticorpos anti-T. gondii em 8,93% (137/1533) dos bovinos, com anticorpos detectados em 49,6% (66/133) dos rebanhos de todas as macrorregiões. Os fatores de risco associados à infecção foram: número de animais no rebanho (OR: 30,56), compra de bovinos (OR: 2,57), faixa etária dos animais (OR: 1,95) e temperatura anual média (OR: 1,77). Assim, documentam-se, de forma inédita, a ocorrência, a distribuição espacial e os fatores de risco associados à infecção por T. gondii em bovinos na comunidade quilombola Kalunga.

Abstract Little is known about Toxoplasma gondii infection among cattle living in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) biome in Brazil. In particular, there is no epidemiological data relating to infection in quilombo lands, i.e. areas settled by Afro-descendants of escaped slaves. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among cattle in the Kalunga quilombo, in the Cerrado biome. Blood samples were collected from 1533 cattle for antibody detection using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The study area was subdivided into five macroregions to determine the spatial distribution of infection. An objective questionnaire was applied to the cattle owners to evaluate risk factors, which were analyzed using univariate analysis and logistic regression. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among cattle was 8.93% (137/1533), and antibodies were found in 49.6% of the herds (66/133), in all macroregions. The risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in cattle were the following: number of animals in the herd (OR: 30.56), purchase of cattle (OR: 2.57), age group (OR: 1.95) and average annual temperature (OR: 1.77). Thus, the occurrence rate, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among cattle in the Kalunga quilombola community are documented here, for the first time.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-296120201080 384 downloads

14.

Effects of clinical use of NiTi reciprocating instruments on cyclic and torsional resistance, and on roughness
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MOREIRA, Edson Jorge Lima

; ANTUNES, Henrique dos Santos

; VIEIRA, Victor Talarico Leal

; CAVALCANTE, Daniele Moreira

; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Eduardo

; OLIVEIRA, Diogo da Silva

; DE-DEUS, Gustavo

; SILVA, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da

Brazilian Oral Research

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2021, Volume 35 elocation e021

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstrac The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance and surface roughness of Reciproc R25 instruments in four different situations, namely as new instruments and as instruments tested after clinical preparation of one, two or three maxillary molars with four root canals. The total time required to perform each root canal preparation was recorded. Cyclic fatigue resistance was determined by the time to fracture using a customized testing device (n = 10 per group). The torsional test evaluated the torque and angle of rotation to failure according to ISO 3630-1 (n = 10 per group). The roughness of the working parts of new and used instruments was evaluated with a profilometer (n = 5 per group). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The level of significance was set at 5%. No fractures or deformations were observed after clinical use. Higher preparation time was needed during the third use of the instruments for all root canals (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups in regard to either cyclic fatigue or torsional resistance (p > 0.05). Regarding the roughness measurements, groove depth was higher on new and one- versus two- or three-maxillary-molar-prepared instruments (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the clinical use of Reciproc instruments increased preparation time and decreased surface roughness. However, clinical use did not affect the cyclic fatigue or torsional resistance of the Reciproc instruments.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0021 584 downloads

15.

Lipid stability of egg and laying performance of Japanese quail feed with extract of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
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OLIVEIRA, HELDER F. DE

; MELLO, HELOISA HELENA DE C.

; LEANDRO, NADJA S.M.

; MASCARENHAS, ALESSANDRA G.

; CONCEIÇÃO, EDEMILSON C. DA

; ARNHOLD, EMMANUEL

; LAGE, MOACIR E.

; SOUZA, MARIA IZABEL A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 4 elocation e20191424

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Two experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of guava extract on laying performance and lipid stability of egg of Japanese quails. For the first experiment, 384 Japanese quails with 42 days old were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0.0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 g.kg-1 guava extract), 6 replicates, and 16 birds/replicate. The experimental period lasted 84 days, divided into 4 cycles of 21 days. The parameters evaluated were: feed consumption, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, and egg internal and external qualities. On the second experiment, 400 eggs from Japanese quails fed with diets containing four levels of guava extract were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement (guava extract levels and storage time: 0, 9, 18, 27 days) with 5 replicates. Analysis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was performed on egg yolks. Data were submitted to regression analysis, using α=0.05. On the first experiment, the laying performance parameters were not influenced by the inclusion of guava extract in the feed, and eggshell thickness decreased linearly. On the second experiment an interaction was observed between the studied factors, affecting lipid oxidation in egg yolks. At nine days of storage, there was a quadratic effect of levels of dietary guava extract on lipid oxidation of yolk, being observed that using 4.8 g.kg-1 of guava extract on feed results in less lipid oxidation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120191424 90 downloads

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