Chemical and pharmacological studies were carried out using crude hydroalcholic extracts obtained from the leaves or roots of E. argentinum or the semipurified fractions of this plant. Chemical analysis detected the presence of alkaloids, phytosteroids, leucoanthocianidins, flavonoid glycosides, cumarins and tannins. Qualitatively similar pharmacological effects were observed in experiments using both extracts from the leaves or roots. Experiments in vivo revealed that the crude extract and the semipurified fractions from the leaves reduced locomotor activity, blood pressure, carragenin-induced paw edema and potentiated barbiturate-induced sleeping-time in laboratory animals. In vitro studies demonstrated that the leaf extract or the semipurified fractions induced a cocaine-like effects on the rat vas deferens, a non-specific relaxation of the rat uteri and a contraction of the guinea-pig ileum. It is concluded that E. argentinum contains active compounds responsible for the antiinflammatory effect and cocaine-like action observed in vitro, which merit emphasis in future research.