Ciliates in ecotoxicological studies: A minireview

The present study has conducted a minireview of ecotoxicological studies using ciliated microeucaryotes, presenting a breif history, describing the current scenario and pointing out their methodological approaches gaps. We highlight in a clear and objective way the ecological importance of ciliates for ecosystems, their usefulness and the inherent characteristics that classify them as a good model organism. Finally, we discuss some modern tools that can be added to studies with ciliates in the near future.

Keywords:
Ciliophora, ecotoxicology; model organism

Authorship

Jéssica Andrade Vilas-Boas ^**e-mail: jessica_biol@outlook.com

Laboratório de Protozoologia, Laboratório Avançado de Zoologia - LAZ, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, CEP: 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Juiz de ForaBrasilJuiz de Fora, MG, BrasilLaboratório de Protozoologia, Laboratório Avançado de Zoologia - LAZ, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, CEP: 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil

Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia – PGECOL, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, CEP: 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Juiz de ForaBrasilJuiz de Fora, MG, BrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ecologia – PGECOL, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, CEP: 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4582-185X

Marcus Vinicius Xavier Senra

Programa de Pós-graduação em Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos, Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Itajubá – UNIFEI, Av. BPS, 1303, Pinheirinho, CEP: 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de ItajubáBrasilItajubá, MG, BrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos, Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Itajubá – UNIFEI, Av. BPS, 1303, Pinheirinho, CEP: 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3866-8837

Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2404-4337

*e-mail: jessica_biol@outlook.com

Associate Editors: André Megali Amado, Joyce Andreia dos Santos, Rafael Marques Almeida, Simone Jaqueline Cardoso.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (4)

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Figure 1
Number of ecotoxicological studies per model organism. Data available in the Scopus database from 1977 to 2019 (survey conducted 06/06/2019). Codes used to search: Ecotoxicol * AND ciliate *, Ecotoxicol * AND algae *, Ecotoxicol * AND bacteria *, Ecotoxicol * AND mollusk *, Ecotoxicol * AND crustacean * AND Ecotoxicol * AND fish *.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
A=Percentage of ecotoxicological studies per compound; B= Endpoints distributions.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Number of studies with heavy metals and their respective approaches according to the Ecotox knowledgebase database (USEPA, 2019) (survey conducted on 05/28/2019); Number of studies with heavy metals and their respective approaches according to the Ecotox knowledgebase database (USEPA, 2019) (survey conducted on 05/28/2019).

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Number of studies with organic compounds and their respective approaches according to the Ecotox knowledgebase database (USEPA, 2019) (survey conducted on 05/28/2019); DDTM: DDT and metabolites, E: Explosives; GE: Glycol ethers, MI: Major ions, P: Perchlorates, PFOS: Perfluorooctane sulfonates and acids, PE: Phthalate Esters, PAHs: Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons, PBCs: Polychlorinated Biphenyls, PPCPs: Pharmaceutical Personal Care Products.

Figure 1 Number of ecotoxicological studies per model organism. Data available in the Scopus database from 1977 to 2019 (survey conducted 06/06/2019). Codes used to search: Ecotoxicol * AND ciliate , Ecotoxicol AND algae , Ecotoxicol AND bacteria , Ecotoxicol AND mollusk , Ecotoxicol AND crustacean * AND Ecotoxicol * AND fish *.

Figure 2 A=Percentage of ecotoxicological studies per compound; B= Endpoints distributions.

Figure 3 Number of studies with heavy metals and their respective approaches according to the Ecotox knowledgebase database (USEPA, 2019) (survey conducted on 05/28/2019); Number of studies with heavy metals and their respective approaches according to the Ecotox knowledgebase database (USEPA, 2019) (survey conducted on 05/28/2019).

Figure 4 Number of studies with organic compounds and their respective approaches according to the Ecotox knowledgebase database (USEPA, 2019) (survey conducted on 05/28/2019); DDTM: DDT and metabolites, E: Explosives; GE: Glycol ethers, MI: Major ions, P: Perchlorates, PFOS: Perfluorooctane sulfonates and acids, PE: Phthalate Esters, PAHs: Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons, PBCs: Polychlorinated Biphenyls, PPCPs: Pharmaceutical Personal Care Products.

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Ciliates in ecotoxicological studies: A minireview

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[1] *e-mail: jessica_biol@outlook.com