Association between sleep disorders and frailty status
               among elderly

This is a cross-sectional study assessing 3,075 elderly who met the inclusion criteria. The sociodemographic characterization, cognitive status measures, frailty and nap status were performed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests for statistical inference.

Results:

Most elderly napped during the day (61.7%), with an average frequency of 5.9 days per week (SD=1.9). A significant association was found between nap frequency and the frailty dimension of "energy expenditure in physical activity".

Conclusion:

No significant association was found between nap frequency and selected sociodemographic variables and frailty status among the elderly, except for the criterion of frailty "energy expenditure in physical activity".

Geriatric nursing; Nursing care; Frail elderly; Geriatric assessment; Sleep disorders

Variable				Nap frequency on week days
Variable	n^* * The different sample numbers for each variable refers to the lack of answers in the study protocol; SD - standard deviation;	Mean	SD	Minimum	Q1	Median	Q3	Maximum	p-value
Frail									0.4274^† † p-value obtained through Kruskal-Wallis test;
Not frail	692	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Intermediate frail	920	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Frail	173	6.0	1.9	1.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Gender									0.4705^‡ ‡ p-value obtained through Mann-Whitney test; MW - Minimum wage
Male	658	6.0	1.8	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Female	1.155	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Age group (years)									0.1321^† † p-value obtained through Kruskal-Wallis test;
65 to 69	618	5.8	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
70 to 74	538	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
75 to 79	376	5.8	2.0	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
80 +	281	6.1	1.7	1.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Education (in years)									0.0323^† † p-value obtained through Kruskal-Wallis test;
0	346	6.0	1.8	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
1 to 4	904	5.8	2.0	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
5 to 8	329	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
9 +	232	6.2	1.7	1.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Family income (MW)									0.8837^† † p-value obtained through Kruskal-Wallis test;
0 to 1,0	169	6.0	1.8	1.0	6.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
1,1 to 3,0	727	5.8	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
3,1 to 5,0	346	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
5,1 to 10,0	180	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
>10,0>10,0	102	5.9	1.8	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0

Variable						Nap frequency on week days
Variable	n	Mean	SD	Minimum	Q1	Median	Q3	Maximum	p-value^* * p-value obtained by Mann-Whitney test
Weight loss									0.4754
Not frail	1.394	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Frail	312	6.0	1.8	1.0	5.50	7.0	7.0	7.0
Exhaustion									0.1241
Not frail	1.349	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Frail	407	5.8	2.0	1.0	4.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Grip strength									0.4077
Not frail	1.400	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Frail	370	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Physical activity									0.0324
Not frail	1.448	5.8	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Frail	351	6.1	1.8	1.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Gait speed									0.3519
Not frail	1.400	5.9	1.9	1.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Frail	375	5.9	1.9	1.0	6.0	7.0	7.0	7.0

Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo R. Napoleão de Barros, 754, 04024-002 São Paulo - SP/Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 5576 4430 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: actapaulista@unifesp.br

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[tfn01t03] ^*
The different sample numbers for each variable refers to the lack of answers in the study protocol; SD - standard deviation;

[tfn02t03] ^†
p-value obtained through Kruskal-Wallis test;

[tfn03t03] ^‡
p-value obtained through Mann-Whitney test; MW - Minimum wage