Bioactive Compounds from <i>Dioscorea bulbifera</i> L. Obtained by Combined Ultrasound-Assisted and Solid-Liquid Extraction

Carneiro, Gabrielly Ribeiro; Ribeiro, Leomara Floriano

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2025240069

Article - Food/Feed Science and Technology • Braz. arch. biol. technol. 68 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2025240069 linkcopy

Bioactive Compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera L. Obtained by Combined Ultrasound-Assisted and Solid-Liquid Extraction

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The aim was to extract bioactive compounds from the husk and pulp of Dioscorea bulbifera L. by the combination of ultrasound and solid-liquid extraction techniques, as well as to evaluate the antioxidant potential. The extraction at 80 °C for 60 minutes showed the highest content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), 715.53 ± 8.00 mg EAG 100 g^-1, for the husk, while the extraction at 70°C for 45 minutes showed 235.50 ± 25.30 mg EAG 100 g^-1, for the pulp. The husk and pulp extracts showed flavonoid content of 363.63 ± 8.92 and 102.44 ± 1.51 mg EC 100 g^-1, respectively. The antioxidant potential was evaluated according to the FRAP assay (125.09 ± 8.52 and 32.76 ± 0.65 µM ferrous sulfate g^-1), the removal of H₂O₂ (29% and 41%), the ABTS radical assay (66.88 ± 0.93 and 14.93 ± 0.31 µM Trolox g^-1) and the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, (84% and 47%) for husk and pulp, respectively. The bioaccessibility was obtained around 25% (pulp) and 16% (husk) accessible for absorption in the intestine. The combination of ultrasound and solid-liquid extraction methods proved to be effective in extracting bioactive compounds, with possible applications in the food industry.

Keywords:
“Cara-moela”; Unconventional Food Plants; Simulated gastrointestinal digestibility; Antioxidant capacity.

Dioscorea bulbifera L. showed bioactive compounds in the husk and pulp.

The extraction methods were optimized by mathematical modeling.

Unconventional food plant (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) showed antioxidant potential.

The husk and pulp showed bioaccessibility by the simulated gastrointestinal digestibility assay.

Assays	Coded factors and levels		Factors and original levels
Assays	Temperature [°C]	Time [min.]	Temperature [°C]	Time [min.]
E1	-1	-1	60	30
E2	-1	0	60	45
E3	-1	+1	60	60
E4	0	-1	70	30
E5	0	0	70	45
E6	0	+1	70	60
E7	+1	-1	80	30
E8	+1	0	80	45
E9	+1	+1	80	60

Assays [Temperature (°C)/ time (min)]	Husk (mg GAE 100g^-1)	Pulp (mg GAE 100g^-1)
E1 (60 °C /30 min)	570.28^cd ± 1.69	223.56^a ± 3.16
E2 (60 °C /45 min)	550.30^cd ± 14.41	228.36^a ± 5.28
E3 (60 °C /60 min)	545.30^e ± 8.42	233.19^a ± 5.08
E4 (70 °C /30 min)	585.06^cd ± 4.58	225.43^a ± 19.59
E5 (70 °C /45 min)	614.00^bc ± 22.19	235.50^a ± 25.30
E6 (70 °C /60 min)	553.58^cd ± 7.14	218.03^ab ± 34.60
E7 (80 °C /30 min)	679.33^a ± 56.69	172.50^bc ± 7.63
E8 (80 °C /45 min)	670.90^ab ± 20.41	166.95^d ± 7.84
E9 (80 °C /60 min)	715.53^a ± 8.00	174.05^bc ± 10.29

Pulp
Factors	Effect (SQ model)	Standard error	Calculate F	p-value
Mean/intercept	609.36	9.44	64.57	0.0000
(1) Temperature (L)	133.29	23.12	5.77	0.0045
Temperature (Q)	-37.72	20.02	-1.88	0.13260
(2) Time (L)	-6.76	23.12	-0.29	0.78457
Time (Q)	3.55	20.02	0.18	0.86772
Husk
Factors	Effect (SQ model)	Standard error	Calculate F	p-value
Mean/intercept	208.62	2.43	85.66954	0.0000
(1) Temperature (L)	-57.20	5.96	-9.59004	0.0007
Temperature (Q)	26.55	5.17	5.14027	0.0068
(2) Time (L)	1.26	5.97	0.21083	0.8433
Time (Q)	2.48	5.16	0.47961	0.6565

Fraction	Flavonoids (mg CE 100 g^-1)	Carotenoids (µg 100 g^-1)
Husk	363.63 ± 8.92	2.13 ± 0.10
Pulp	102.44 ± 1.51	1.34 ± 0.11

Assay	Fraction
Assay	Husk	Pulp
ABTS (µM Trolox g^-1)	66.88 ± 0.93	14.93 ± 0.31
FRAP (µM sulfato ferroso g^-1)	125.09 ± 8.52	32.76 ± 0.65
β-carotene/linoleic acid (%AOA)	84.50 ± 0.34	46.91 ± 4.66
Hydrogen peroxide removal (%)	41.35 ± 5.85	28.91 ± 5.62

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Results expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n=3). Different letters in the same column indicate statistical difference between tests (Tukey test, p ≤ 0.05).