Artificial reefs: from ecological processes to fishing enhancement tools

Leitão, Francisco

AMBROSE, R. F.; ANDERSON, T. W. Influence of an artificial reef on the surrounding infaunal community. Mar. Biol, v. 107, p. 41-52, 1990.
BAINE, M. Artificial reefs: a review of their design, application, management and performance. Ocean. Coast. Manage, v. 44, p. 241-259, 2001.
BOMBACE, G. Artificial reefs in the Mediterranean sea. Bul. Mar. Sci, v. 37, p. 710-723. 1989.
BORTONE, S. A.; BRANDINI, P. P.; FABI, S.; OTAKE, S. Artificial reefs in fishery management. Florida: CRC Press, 2011. 350 p.
BRICKHILL, M. J.; LEE, S. Y.; CONNOLLY, R. M. Fishes associated with artificial reefs: attributing changes to attraction or production using novel approaches J. Fish. Biol, v. 67, p. 53-71, 2005.
BULLERI, F. The introduction of artificial structures on marine soft and hardbottoms: ecological implications of epibiota. Environ. Conserv, V. 32, p. 1-3. 2005.
CABRAL, H. N.; MURTA, A. G. The diet of blue whiting, hake, horse mackerel and mackerel off Portugal. J. Appl. Ichthyol, v. 18, p. 14-23, 2002.
DALE, A. W.; PREGO, R. Physico-biogeochemical controls on benthic-pelagic coupling of nutrient fluxes and recycling in a coastal inlet affected by upwelling. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, v. 235, p. 15-28, 2002.
DANOVARO, R. Detritus-bacteria-meiofauna interactions in a seagrass bed (Posidonia oceanica) of the NW Mediterranean. Mar. Biol. V. 119, p. 489-500, 1996.
DEDIEU, K.; RABOUILLE, C.; GILBERT, F.; SOETAERT, K.; METZGER, E.; SIMONUCCI, C.; JÉZÉQUEL, D.; PRÉVOT, F.; ANSCHUTZ, P.; HULTH, S.; OGIER, S.; MESNAGE, V. Coupling of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen cycles in sediments from a Mediterranean lagoon: a seasonal perspective. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, v. 346, p. 45-59, 2007
DOMANEVSKAYA, M. V.; PATOKINA, F. A. Feeding of the large-eyed dogtooth, Dentex macrophthalmus, and Spanish bream, Pagellus acarne, from the central-Eastern Atlantic Ocean. J. Ichthyol, v. 24, p. 107-112, 1984.
DONALDSON, P. L.; CLAVIJO, I. E. Diet of round scad (Decaterus punctatus) on a natural and artificial reef in Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Bul. Mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 501-509, 1994.
EINBINDER, S. E.; PERELBERG, A.; BEN-SHAPRUT, O.; FOUCART, M. H.; SHASHAR, N. Effect of artificial reefs on fish grazing in their vicinity: Evidence from algae presentation experiments. Mar. Environ. Res, v. 61, p. 110-119, 2006.
FABI G., FIORENTINI L. Comparison of an artificial reef and a control site in the Adriatic Sea. Bul. Mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 538-558. 1994.
FABI, G.; LUCCARINI, F.; PANFILI, M.; SOLUSTRI, C.; SPAGNOLO, A. Effects of an artificial reef on the surrounding soft-bottom community (central Adriatic Sea). ICES J. Mar. Sci, v. 59, p. S343-S349, 2002.
FABI, G.; MANOUKIAN, S.; SPAGNOLO, A. Feeding behaviour of three common fishes at an artificial reef in the northern Adriatic Sea. Bul. Mar. Sci, V. 78, p. 39-56. 2006.
FALCÃO, M.; SANTOS, M. N.; DRAGO, T.; SERPA, D.; MONTEIRO, C. Effect of artificial reefs (southern Portugal) on sediment-water transport of nutrients: Importance of the hydrodynamic regime. Estuar. Coast. Shelf. Sci, v. 83, p. 451-459. 2009.
FALCÃO, M.; SANTOS, M. N.; VICENTE, M.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Biogeochemical processes and nutrient cycling within an artificial reef off Southern Portugal. Mar. Environ. Res, v. 63, p. 429-444, 2007.
GROVE, R. S.; WILSON, C. A. 5^th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. ON AQUATIC HABITAT ENHANCEMENT, 3-7 November 1991, Long-Beach, California, Usa - Introduction. Bull. Mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 265-267, 1994.
HAROUN, R.; GÓMEZ, M. C.; HERNÁNDEZ, J. J.; HERRERA, R.; MONTERO, D.; MORENO, T.; PORTILLO, A.; TORRES, M. E.; SOLER, E. Environmental description of an artificial reef site in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) prior to reef placement. Bull. Mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 932-938. 1994.
HUTCHINSON, G. E. The paradox of the plankton. Am. Nat, V. 95, p. 137-145. 1961.
JENSEN, A. C. Artificial reefs of Europe: perspective and future. ICES J. Mar. Sci, v. 59, p. S3-S13, 2002.
KING, M. 1995. Fisheries Biology, Assessment and management. Oxford; London: Blackwell. 2002.
KIRKE, B. Enhancing fish stocks wave-powered artificial upwelling. Ocean. Coast. Manage, v. 46, p. 901-915, 2003.
LEITÃO, F.; SANTOS, M. N.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Contribution of artificial reefs to the diet of the white sea-bream, Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758). ICES J. Mar Sci, v. 64, p. 473-478, 2007
LEITÃO, F.; SANTOS, M. N.; ERZINI, K.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Fish assemblage and rapid colonisation after enlargement of an artificial reef off Algarve (Southern Portugal). Mar. Ecol, v. 29, p. 435-448. 2008a.
LEITÃO, F.; SANTOS, M. N.; ERZINI, K.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Effect of predation on artificial reef juvenile demersal fish species. Mar. Biol, v. 153, p. 1233-1244, 2008b.
LEITÃO, F.; SANTOS, M. N.; ERZINI, K.; MONTEIRO, C .C. Artificial reef use by Diplodus spp. species: importance for artisanal near shore fisheries. Fish. Manag. Ecol, v. 16, p. 88-99. 2009.
LINDQUIST, D. G.; CAHOON, L. B.; CLAVIJO, I. E.; POSEY, M. H.; BOLDEN, S. K.; PIKE, L. A.; BURK, S. W.; CARDULLO, P. A. Reef fish stomach contents and prey abundance on reef and sand substrata associated with adjacent artificial and natural reefs in Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Bull. Mar. Sci, v. 55. p. 308-318, 1994.
MARUYAMA, S.; TSUBAKI, K.; TAIRA, K.; SAKAI, S. Artificial upwelling of deep seawater using the perpetual salt fountain for cultivation of ocean desert. J. Oceanogr, v. 60, p. 563-568, 2004.
PEPE, P.; BADALAMENTI, F.; D'ANNA, G. Feeding habits of Diplodus sargus in the artificial reef area of Alcamo Marina (Gulf of Castellamare, North-Western Sicily). Biol. Mar. Mediterranea, v. 5, p. 367-370, 1998.
PERKOL-FINKEL, S.; BENAYAHU, Y. Recruitment of benthic organisms onto a planned artificial reef: shifts in community structure one decade post-deployment. Bull. Mar. Sci, v. 59, p. 79-99, 2005.
RELINI, G.; RELINI, M.; TORCHIA, G.; DE ANGELIS, G. Trophic relationships between fishes and artificial reef. ICES J. Mar Sci, v. 59, p. 36-42, 2002.
RELINI, G.; ZAMBONI, N.; TIXI, F.; TORCHIA, G. Patterns of sessile macrobenthos community development on an artificial reef in the Gulf of Genoa (Northwestern Mediterranean). Bull. Mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 745-771, 1994.
RIZZO, W. M. Nutrient exchanges between the water column and a subtidal benthic microalgal community. Estuaries, v. 13,p. 219-226, 1990.
SANTÍC, M.; JARDAS, I.; PALLAORO, A. Feeding habits of horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (Linneaus, 1758), from the central Adriatic Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol, v. 21, p. 25-130, 2005.
SANTOS, M. N.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Comparison of the catch and fishing yield from an artificial reef system and neighbouring areas off Faro (Algarve, South Portugal). Fish. Res, v. 39, p. 55-65, 1998.
SANTOS, M. N.; LEITÃO, F.; MOURA, A.; CERQUEIRA M.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Diplodus spp assemblages on artificial reefs of different ages: influence of the associated epibenthic macrofauna. ICES J. Mar Sci, v. 68, p. 87-97. 2011a.
SEAMAN, W.; SPRAGUE, L. M. (Ed.). Artificial habitats for marine and freshwater fisheries. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001.
STEIMLE, F.; FOSTER, K.; KROPP, R.; CONLIN, B. Benthic macrofauna productivity enhancement by an artificial reef in Delaware Bay, USA. ICES J. Mar Sci, v. 59, p. 100-105. 2002.
SNELGROVE, P. V. R.; BUTMAN, C. A. Animal-sediment relationships revisited: cause versus effect. Oceanogr. Mar Biol, v. 32, p. 111-177. 1994.
WHITMARSH, D.; SANTOS, M. N.; RAMOS, J.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Marine habitat modification through artificial reefs off the Algarve (southern Portugal): An economic analysis of the fisheries and the prospects for management. Ocean. Coast. Manage, v. 51,p. 463-468. 2008.
WILLIAMS, I. D.; POLUNIN, N. V. C. Large-scale associations between macro algal cover and grazer biomass on mid-depth reefs in the Caribbean. Coral Reefs, v. 19, p. 358-366. 2001.
YANAGI, T.; NAKAJIMA, M. Change of oceanic condition by the man-made structure for upwelling. Mar. Pollut. Bull, v. 23, p. 131-135. 1991.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
17 Apr 2013
Date of issue
Mar 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] AMBROSE, R. F.; ANDERSON, T. W. Influence of an artificial reef on the surrounding infaunal community. Mar. Biol, v. 107, p. 41-52, 1990.

[3] BAINE, M. Artificial reefs: a review of their design, application, management and performance. Ocean. Coast. Manage, v. 44, p. 241-259, 2001.

[5] BOMBACE, G. Artificial reefs in the Mediterranean sea. Bul. Mar. Sci, v. 37, p. 710-723. 1989.

[6] BORTONE, S. A.; BRANDINI, P. P.; FABI, S.; OTAKE, S. Artificial reefs in fishery management. Florida: CRC Press, 2011. 350 p.

[7] BRICKHILL, M. J.; LEE, S. Y.; CONNOLLY, R. M. Fishes associated with artificial reefs: attributing changes to attraction or production using novel approaches J. Fish. Biol, v. 67, p. 53-71, 2005.

[8] BULLERI, F. The introduction of artificial structures on marine soft and hardbottoms: ecological implications of epibiota. Environ. Conserv, V. 32, p. 1-3. 2005.

[9] CABRAL, H. N.; MURTA, A. G. The diet of blue whiting, hake, horse mackerel and mackerel off Portugal. J. Appl. Ichthyol, v. 18, p. 14-23, 2002.

[10] DALE, A. W.; PREGO, R. Physico-biogeochemical controls on benthic-pelagic coupling of nutrient fluxes and recycling in a coastal inlet affected by upwelling. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, v. 235, p. 15-28, 2002.

[11] DANOVARO, R. Detritus-bacteria-meiofauna interactions in a seagrass bed (Posidonia oceanica) of the NW Mediterranean. Mar. Biol. V. 119, p. 489-500, 1996.

[12] DEDIEU, K.; RABOUILLE, C.; GILBERT, F.; SOETAERT, K.; METZGER, E.; SIMONUCCI, C.; JÉZÉQUEL, D.; PRÉVOT, F.; ANSCHUTZ, P.; HULTH, S.; OGIER, S.; MESNAGE, V. Coupling of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen cycles in sediments from a Mediterranean lagoon: a seasonal perspective. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, v. 346, p. 45-59, 2007

[13] DOMANEVSKAYA, M. V.; PATOKINA, F. A. Feeding of the large-eyed dogtooth, Dentex macrophthalmus, and Spanish bream, Pagellus acarne, from the central-Eastern Atlantic Ocean. J. Ichthyol, v. 24, p. 107-112, 1984.

[14] DONALDSON, P. L.; CLAVIJO, I. E. Diet of round scad (Decaterus punctatus) on a natural and artificial reef in Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Bul. Mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 501-509, 1994.

[15] EINBINDER, S. E.; PERELBERG, A.; BEN-SHAPRUT, O.; FOUCART, M. H.; SHASHAR, N. Effect of artificial reefs on fish grazing in their vicinity: Evidence from algae presentation experiments. Mar. Environ. Res, v. 61, p. 110-119, 2006.

[16] FABI G., FIORENTINI L. Comparison of an artificial reef and a control site in the Adriatic Sea. Bul. Mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 538-558. 1994.

[17] FABI, G.; LUCCARINI, F.; PANFILI, M.; SOLUSTRI, C.; SPAGNOLO, A. Effects of an artificial reef on the surrounding soft-bottom community (central Adriatic Sea). ICES J. Mar. Sci, v. 59, p. S343-S349, 2002.

[18] FABI, G.; MANOUKIAN, S.; SPAGNOLO, A. Feeding behaviour of three common fishes at an artificial reef in the northern Adriatic Sea. Bul. Mar. Sci, V. 78, p. 39-56. 2006.

[19] FALCÃO, M.; SANTOS, M. N.; DRAGO, T.; SERPA, D.; MONTEIRO, C. Effect of artificial reefs (southern Portugal) on sediment-water transport of nutrients: Importance of the hydrodynamic regime. Estuar. Coast. Shelf. Sci, v. 83, p. 451-459. 2009.

[20] FALCÃO, M.; SANTOS, M. N.; VICENTE, M.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Biogeochemical processes and nutrient cycling within an artificial reef off Southern Portugal. Mar. Environ. Res, v. 63, p. 429-444, 2007.

[21] GROVE, R. S.; WILSON, C. A. 5^th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. ON AQUATIC HABITAT ENHANCEMENT, 3-7 November 1991, Long-Beach, California, Usa - Introduction. Bull. Mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 265-267, 1994.

[22] HAROUN, R.; GÓMEZ, M. C.; HERNÁNDEZ, J. J.; HERRERA, R.; MONTERO, D.; MORENO, T.; PORTILLO, A.; TORRES, M. E.; SOLER, E. Environmental description of an artificial reef site in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) prior to reef placement. Bull. Mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 932-938. 1994.

[23] HUTCHINSON, G. E. The paradox of the plankton. Am. Nat, V. 95, p. 137-145. 1961.

[24] JENSEN, A. C. Artificial reefs of Europe: perspective and future. ICES J. Mar. Sci, v. 59, p. S3-S13, 2002.

[25] KING, M. 1995. Fisheries Biology, Assessment and management. Oxford; London: Blackwell. 2002.

[26] KIRKE, B. Enhancing fish stocks wave-powered artificial upwelling. Ocean. Coast. Manage, v. 46, p. 901-915, 2003.

[28] LEITÃO, F.; SANTOS, M. N.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Contribution of artificial reefs to the diet of the white sea-bream, Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758). ICES J. Mar Sci, v. 64, p. 473-478, 2007

[29] LEITÃO, F.; SANTOS, M. N.; ERZINI, K.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Fish assemblage and rapid colonisation after enlargement of an artificial reef off Algarve (Southern Portugal). Mar. Ecol, v. 29, p. 435-448. 2008a.

[30] LEITÃO, F.; SANTOS, M. N.; ERZINI, K.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Effect of predation on artificial reef juvenile demersal fish species. Mar. Biol, v. 153, p. 1233-1244, 2008b.

[31] LEITÃO, F.; SANTOS, M. N.; ERZINI, K.; MONTEIRO, C .C. Artificial reef use by Diplodus spp. species: importance for artisanal near shore fisheries. Fish. Manag. Ecol, v. 16, p. 88-99. 2009.

[32] LINDQUIST, D. G.; CAHOON, L. B.; CLAVIJO, I. E.; POSEY, M. H.; BOLDEN, S. K.; PIKE, L. A.; BURK, S. W.; CARDULLO, P. A. Reef fish stomach contents and prey abundance on reef and sand substrata associated with adjacent artificial and natural reefs in Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Bull. Mar. Sci, v. 55. p. 308-318, 1994.

[33] MARUYAMA, S.; TSUBAKI, K.; TAIRA, K.; SAKAI, S. Artificial upwelling of deep seawater using the perpetual salt fountain for cultivation of ocean desert. J. Oceanogr, v. 60, p. 563-568, 2004.

[34] PEPE, P.; BADALAMENTI, F.; D'ANNA, G. Feeding habits of Diplodus sargus in the artificial reef area of Alcamo Marina (Gulf of Castellamare, North-Western Sicily). Biol. Mar. Mediterranea, v. 5, p. 367-370, 1998.

[35] PERKOL-FINKEL, S.; BENAYAHU, Y. Recruitment of benthic organisms onto a planned artificial reef: shifts in community structure one decade post-deployment. Bull. Mar. Sci, v. 59, p. 79-99, 2005.

[36] RELINI, G.; RELINI, M.; TORCHIA, G.; DE ANGELIS, G. Trophic relationships between fishes and artificial reef. ICES J. Mar Sci, v. 59, p. 36-42, 2002.

[37] RELINI, G.; ZAMBONI, N.; TIXI, F.; TORCHIA, G. Patterns of sessile macrobenthos community development on an artificial reef in the Gulf of Genoa (Northwestern Mediterranean). Bull. Mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 745-771, 1994.

[38] RIZZO, W. M. Nutrient exchanges between the water column and a subtidal benthic microalgal community. Estuaries, v. 13,p. 219-226, 1990.

[39] SANTÍC, M.; JARDAS, I.; PALLAORO, A. Feeding habits of horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (Linneaus, 1758), from the central Adriatic Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol, v. 21, p. 25-130, 2005.

[40] SANTOS, M. N.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Comparison of the catch and fishing yield from an artificial reef system and neighbouring areas off Faro (Algarve, South Portugal). Fish. Res, v. 39, p. 55-65, 1998.

[41] SANTOS, M. N.; LEITÃO, F.; MOURA, A.; CERQUEIRA M.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Diplodus spp assemblages on artificial reefs of different ages: influence of the associated epibenthic macrofauna. ICES J. Mar Sci, v. 68, p. 87-97. 2011a.

[43] SEAMAN, W.; SPRAGUE, L. M. (Ed.). Artificial habitats for marine and freshwater fisheries. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001.

[44] STEIMLE, F.; FOSTER, K.; KROPP, R.; CONLIN, B. Benthic macrofauna productivity enhancement by an artificial reef in Delaware Bay, USA. ICES J. Mar Sci, v. 59, p. 100-105. 2002.

[47] SNELGROVE, P. V. R.; BUTMAN, C. A. Animal-sediment relationships revisited: cause versus effect. Oceanogr. Mar Biol, v. 32, p. 111-177. 1994.

[49] WHITMARSH, D.; SANTOS, M. N.; RAMOS, J.; MONTEIRO, C. C. Marine habitat modification through artificial reefs off the Algarve (southern Portugal): An economic analysis of the fisheries and the prospects for management. Ocean. Coast. Manage, v. 51,p. 463-468. 2008.

[50] WILLIAMS, I. D.; POLUNIN, N. V. C. Large-scale associations between macro algal cover and grazer biomass on mid-depth reefs in the Caribbean. Coral Reefs, v. 19, p. 358-366. 2001.

[51] YANAGI, T.; NAKAJIMA, M. Change of oceanic condition by the man-made structure for upwelling. Mar. Pollut. Bull, v. 23, p. 131-135. 1991.

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Artificial reefs: from ecological processes to fishing enhancement tools

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