Major range extensions for three species of porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae: <i>Coendou</i>) from the Brazilian Amazon

Menezes, Fernando Heberson; Garbino, Guilherme Siniciato Terra; Semedo, Thiago Borges Fernandes; Lima, Mendelson; Feijó, Anderson; Cordeiro-Estrela, Pedro; Costa, Itayguara Ribeiro da

doi:10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-1030

Fernando Heberson Menezes

Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro de Ciências, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.

Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4169-0215

Guilherme Siniciato Terra Garbino ^**Corresponding author: Guilherme Siniciato Terra Garbino, e-mail: gstgarbino@hotmail.com*Corresponding author: Guilherme Siniciato Terra Garbino, e-mail: gstgarbino@hotmail.com

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5930

Thiago Borges Fernandes Semedo

Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa do Pantanal (INPP), Programa de Capacitação Institucional, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil.

Mendelson Lima

Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Alta Floresta, MT, Brasil.

Anderson Feijó

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Beichen West Road, Beijing, China.

Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela

Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.

Itayguara Ribeiro da Costa

Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro de Ciências, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.

*Corresponding author: Guilherme Siniciato Terra Garbino, e-mail: gstgarbino@hotmail.com

Author Contributions

Fernando Heberson Menezes - Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study, Contribution to data collection, Contribution to data analysis and interpretation, Contribution to manuscript preparation.

Guilherme Siniciato Terra Garbino - Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study, Contribution to data collection, Contribution to data analysis and interpretation, Contribution to manuscript preparation.

Thiago Borges Fernandes Semedo - Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study, Contribution to data collection, Contribution to data analysis and interpretation, Contribution to manuscript preparation.

Mendelson Lima - Contribution to data collection, Contribution to critical revision, adding intelectual content.

Anderson Feijó - Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study, Contribution to data collection, Contribution to data analysis and interpretation, Contribution to manuscript preparation.

Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela - Contribution to critical revision, adding intelectual content.

Itayguara Ribeiro da Costa - Contribution to critical revision, adding intelectual content.

Conflicts of Interest

On behalf of the co-authors, I declare that there is no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript

#ID	Species	Country	Department/ State/Province	Locality	Coordinates	Source
1	C. bicolor	Argentina	Jujuy	Yuto	23°39’S 64°28’W	Lucero (1987)
2	C. bicolor	Bolivia	Beni	Puerto Caballo	13°43’S 65°21’W	Voss (2015)
3	C. bicolor	Bolivia	Beni	Yucumo	15°10’S 67°04’W	Voss (2015)
4	C. bicolor	Bolivia	Cochabamba	Charuplaya	16°36’S 66°37’W	Voss (2015)
5	C. bicolor	Brazil	Acre	Brasiléia	10°48’38”S 69°22’05”W	Freitas et al. (2013)
6	C. bicolor	Brazil	Acre	Senador Guimard, on AC-040 road	10°07’12”S 67°45’15”W	Freitas et al. (2013)
7	C. bicolor	Brazil	Amazonas	Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá	2°12’54.43”S 65°42’35.53”W	MPEG 24574, 37122
8	C. bicolor	Peru	Cajamarca	2.5 km N of Monte Seco	7°03’51.32”S 78°30’25.80”W	Voss (2015)
9	C. bicolor	Peru	Huánuco	Tingo María	9°17’38.07”S 75°59’39.02”W	Voss (2015)
10	C. bicolor	Peru	Junín	Chanchamayo	11°03’25.73”S 75°03’39.99”W	Voss (2015)
11	C. bicolor	Peru	Madre de Dios	Reserva Cuzco Amazónico	12°33’00”S 69°02’60”W	Voss (2015)
12	C. bicolor	Peru	San Martín	Área de Conservación Municipal Mishquiyacu-Rumiyacu y Almendra	7°14’40.16”S 76°49’33.47”W	Voss (2015)
13	C. bicolor	Peru	Ucayali	Río Alto Ucayali	9°45’00”S 74°07’59.99”W	Voss (2015)
14	C. bicolor and C. ichillus	Peru	Cusco	Confluence of Ríos Camisea and Urubamba	11°43’16.80”S 72°56’31.20”W	Gregory et al. (2015)
15	C. ichillus	Brazil	Amazonas	Limoeiro, Japurá, Rio Japurá	1°49’S 66°35’W	MZUSP 11465
16	C. ichillus	Colombia	Meta	Villavicencio, km 30 carretera a Caños Negros	4°09’25”’N 73°33’21”W	Ramírez-Chaves et al. (2016)
17	C. ichillus	Ecuador	Pastaza	Río Conambo	1°52’S 76°46’60”W	Voss and da Silva (2001)
18	C. ichillus	Ecuador	Pastaza	Río Yana Rumi	1°38’S 76°59’W	Voss and da Silva (2001)
19	C. ichillus	Ecuador	Sucumbíos	La Selva Jungle Lodge	0°30’S 76°21’60”W	Voss and da Silva (2001)
20	C. ichillus	Peru	Loreto	Iquitos	3°45’60”S 73°15’W	Voss and da Silva (2001)
21	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Amazonas	Igarapé Auará, Rio Madeira, left bank	4°33′S 59°52′W	Voss (2015)
22	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Mato Grosso	Teles Pires Hydroelectric Reservoir, left bank of Rio Teles Pires	9°19′S 56°47′W	CZAF-MA 10
23	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	ALCOA harbor, Juruti	2°10′S 56°06′W	MPEG 38377
24	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	Belém	1°27′S 48°29′W	Voss (2015)
25	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	Cametá	2°15′S 49°30′W	Voss (2015)
26	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	Capitariquará, extreme South of Ilha Tocantins, rio Tocantins, 78 km S and 16 km E, Tucuruí	4°25′S 49°32′W	MPEG 12496
27	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	Caxiricatuba	2°50′S 55°08′W	MZUSP 5035
28	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	Curralinho, Marajó island	1°48′S 49°47′W	Voss (2015)
29	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	Mocajuba	2°34′S 49°30′W	Voss (2015)
30	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	Muaná	1°31′S 49°13′W	Voss (2015)
31	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	Rio Meruú, left margin, PA-151, Km 18. Igarapé-Miri	1°58′S 48°57′W	MPEG 24191
32	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	Santa Teresinha, Km 87-94 of the BR-010 road	1°16′S 48°05′W	MZUSP 25591
33	C. nycthemera	Brazil	Pará	Teles Pires Hydroelectric Reservoir, right bank of Rio Teles Pires	9°20′S 56°46′W	CZAF-MA 9, CZAF-MA 11.

	Size	Soft hair	Long dorsal quills/bristle- quills/guard hairs	Short dorsal quills
C. nycthemera	Small	Does not cover the quills	Tricolored or bicolored. Basal band short and yellowish, medial band blackish and long. Distal band, when present, very short. May be whitish, yellowish or orangish	Bicolored. Short basal band yellowish and long distal band blackish
	(HBL: 344±22mm; LT: 313±25mm)
	(Voss & Angermann 1997VOSS, R.S. & ANGERMANN, R. 1997. Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 1. Type material described by Olfers (1818) and Kuhl (1820) in the Berlin Zoological Museum. Am. Museum Novit. (3214):1-44.)
C. bicolor	Large	Does not cover the quills	Bicolored.	Bicolored.
	(Mean HBL: 457mm; Mean LT: 422 mm)		Short basal band slightly yellowish; long distal band blackish	Short basal band yel- lowish; long distal band blackish
	(Voss 2011VOSS, R.S. 2011. Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) 3. An annoted Checklist on the species of Coendou Lacépède, 1799. Am. Museum Novit. (3720):1-36.)			Short basal band yel- lowish; long distal band blackish
C. ichillus	Small	Does not cover the quills	Substituted by Tricolored bristle-quills. Basal band is yellowish, medial band is blackish and distal band is whitish. All bands above the same length	Bicolored. Yellowish basal band and blackish distal band, above the same length
C. ichillus	(HBL: 275mm; LT: 245mm)^* * based on measurements of the examined specimens.	Does not cover the quills
Amazonian C. prehensilis	Large	Does not cover the quills	Bicolored and tricolored. Tricolored quills have basal band slightly yel- lowish, long blackish medial band and short whitish distal band. Bicol- ored quills have slightly yellowish basal band and the blackish distal band	Bicolored and tricolored. Tricolored quills have basal band yellowish, long blackish medial band and short whitish distal band. Bicolored quills have yellowish basal band and the blackish distal band
	(HBL: 451±25mm; LT: 453±31mm
	(Voss 2011VOSS, R.S. 2011. Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) 3. An annoted Checklist on the species of Coendou Lacépède, 1799. Am. Museum Novit. (3720):1-36.)
C. melanurus	Small	Covers the quills	Guard hairs.	Bicolored.
	(Mean HBL: 385mm; Mean LT: 373mm)		Long yellowish basal band, blackish medial band and long pale yel- lowish distal band	Long strongly yellowish basal band with an incon- spicuous blackish distal band
	(Voss et al. 2001, p.136VOSS, R.S., LUNDE, D.P. & SIMMONS, N.B. 2001. The Mammals of Paracou, French Guiana: a neotropical lowland rainforest fauna Part 2. Nonvolant species. Bull. Am. Museum Nat. Hist. 2631-236.)
C. roosmalenorum	Small	Covers the quills	Substituted by bristle- quills. Long yellowish basal band, blackish medial band and slightly yellowish distal band	Bicolored.
	(HBL ~290mm; LT ~250mm)			Long strongly yellowish basal band with a short blackish distal band
	(Voss & da Silva 2001VOSS, R.S. & DA SILVA, M.N.F. 2001. Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2 . A review of the Coendou vestitus group with descriptions of two new species from Amazonia. Am. Museum Novit. (3351):1-36.)
C. baturitensis	Large	Does not cover the quills	Bicolored and tricolored. Tricolored quills have whitish basal band, long brownish medial band and short whitish distal band. Bicolored quills have short whitish basal band and long brownish distal band	Bicolored and tricolored. Tricolored quills have whitish basal band, long brownish medial band and short whitish distal band. Bicolored quills have short whitish basal band and long brownish distal band
	(HBL: 500mm; LT: 460mm)
	(Feijó & Langguth 2013FEIJÓ, A. & LANGGUTH, A. 2013. Mamíferos de médio e grande porte do Nordeste do Brasil: Distribuição e taxonomia, com descrição de novas espécies. Rev. Nord. Biol. 22(1):3-225.)

[1] *Corresponding author: Guilherme Siniciato Terra Garbino, e-mail: gstgarbino@hotmail.com

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Major range extensions for three species of porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae: Coendou) from the Brazilian Amazon

Extensão de distribuição de três espécies de porcos-espinhos, gênero Coendou (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) da Amazônia brasileira.

Abstract: