Comparação das características e medidas ultrassonográficas das glândulas adrenais de cães e gatos filhotes saudáveis

Santos, Ivan F. Charas; Mamprim, Maria Jaqueline; Sartor, Raquel

doi:10.5216/cab.v14I4.23953

Resumos

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar e comparar as características e dimensões ultrassonográficas das glândulas adrenais entre cães e gatos filhotes hígidos, estabelecendo padrões de normalidade e de referência. Participaram do estudo 15 cães e 15 gatos filhotes com idade entre cinco e seis meses, de raça mista, peso médio de 3 kg e 2 kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram submetidos ao exame ultrassonográfico das glândulas adrenais, para visibilização das características internas do órgão. A frequência de visibilização das glândulas adrenais foi de 100% nos gatos filhotes, enquanto nos cães filhotes a frequência foi de 75% para a glândula direita e 100% para a esquerda. O comprimento e a largura das glândulas adrenais revelaram diferenças significativas (P = 0,01) entre os cães e gatos filhotes, sendo que as glândulas adrenais dos cães filhotes, direita e esquerda, foram maiores em comprimento (1,08 ± 0,01 cm e 1,11 ± 0,01 cm) e largura (0,42 ± 0,02 cm e 0,45 ± 0,01 cm) em relação ao comprimento (0,64 ± 0,01 cm e 0,63 ± 0,01 cm) e largura (0,30 ± 0,02 cm e 0,34 ± 0,01 cm) dos gatos filhotes. Em ambos os grupos, as glândulas adrenais apresentaram-se hipoecogênicas em relação à gordura adjacente, sendo delimitadas por uma linha hiperecogênica, e não se observou distinção entre as regiões cortical e medular. As dimensões ultrassonográficas de comprimento e largura das glândulas adrenais, direita e esquerda, foram as mesmas em cães e gatos filhotes. A glândula adrenal direita e esquerda dos cães filhotes foram maiores, em comprimento e largura, que as glândulas dos gatos filhotes.

Abdômen; glândula adrenal; pequenos animais; ultrassonografia

The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the ultrasound characteristics of adrenal glands between healthy puppies and kittens by establishing standards of normality and references. Fifteen healthy crossbred puppies with mean weight of 3 kg and fifteen healthy crossbred kittens with mean weight of 2 kg, aged between five and six months, participated in the study. The animals were submitted to ultrasound exam of adrenal glands for visualization of their internal characteristics. The frequency of visualization of adrenal glands was 100% in kittens. In puppies the frequency was 75% for the right gland and 100% for the left gland. The puppy's adrenal gland, both right and left, were bigger in length (1.08 ± 0.01 cm, 1.11 ± 0.01 cm) and width (0.42 ± 0.02 cm, 0.45 ± 0.01 cm) in relation to kittens' adrenal gland length (0.64 ± 0.01 cm, 0.63 ± 0.01 cm) and width (0.30 ± 0.02 cm, 0.34 ± 0.01 cm). The adrenal gland of puppies and kittens was hypoechogenic to the surrounded fat, delimited by a hyperechogenic line and without distinction of the cortical and medullar region. The ultrasound dimensions of length and width of the adrenal glands, both right and left, were the same in puppies and kittens. The right and left puppies' adrenal glands were longer and wider than the kittens' glands.

Abdomen; adrenal gland; small animals; ultrasound

ABECASSIS, M.; MCLOUGHLIN, M.J.; LANGER, B.; KUDLOW, J.E. Serendipitous adrenal masses: prevalence, significance, and management. American Journal of Surgery, v.149, p.783-788, 1985.
ALLOLIO, B.; HAHNER, S.; WEISMANN, D.; FASSNACHT, M. Management of adrenocortical carcinoma. Clinical Endocrinology, v.60, p.273-287, 2004.
BARBARET, V.; SCHREURES, E.; RADEMACHER, N.; NITZL, D.; TAEYMANS, O.; DUCHATEAU, L.; SAUNDERS, J.H. Qualification of the effect of various patient and image factors on ultrasonographic detection of select canine abdominal organs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v.49, n.3, p.273-276, 2008.
BARBERET, V.; PEY, P.; DUCHATEAU, L.; COMBES, A.; DAMINET, S.; SAUNDERS, J.H. Intra and interobserver variability of ultrasonographic measurements of the adrenal glands in healthy Beagles. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v.6, p.656-660, 2010.
BARTHEZ, P.; NYLAND, T.G.; FELDMAN, E.C. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in dogs. Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association, v.207, n.9, p.1180-1183, 1995.
BARTHEZ, P.; NYLAND, T.G.; FELDMAN, E.C. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in dogs, cats and ferrets. Veterinary Clinical North American of Small Animal Practice, v.28, n.4, p.869-85, 1998.
BRINKMAN, E.L.; BILLER, D.S.; ARMBRUST, L.J. The clinical utility of the right lateral intercostals scan technique in dogs. Journal of American Animal Hospital Association, v.43, p.179 - 86, 2007.
BESSO, J.G.; PENNINCK, D.G.; GLIATTO, J.M. Retrospective ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal lesions in 26 dogs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v. 38, n. 6, p 448-455, 1997.
CERRI, G.C.; ROCHA, D.C. Ultrassonografia abdominal Sarvie, São Paulo. 1993. 117p.
DOUGLAS, J.; BERRY, C.; JAMES, S. Ultrasonographic adrenal gland measurements in dogs without evidence of adrenal disease. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v. 38, n. 2, p 124-130, 1997.
ELSAYES, K.M. Ultrassonography and MR imaging features with pathologic correlation with adrenal glands. Radiographics, v.27, p.643-649, 2006.
GRAHAM, J. Adrenal glands. In: PENNICK, D.; D'ANJO, M.A. (Eds). Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. 2008. p.385-388. Link de acesso: http://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-PT&lr=&id=4FFiNBYPvmMC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Adrenal+glands+Atlas+of+Small+Animal+ Ultrasonography&ots=TW16a88h5l&sig=r5fxGQXct3hg-KGJWIe7KDs11QE#v=onepage&q=Adrenal%20glands%20Atlas%20of%20Small%20Animal %20Ultrasonography&f=false
GROOTERS, A. M.; BILLER, D.S.; MERRYMAN, J. Ultrasonographic parameters of normal canine adrenal glands: comparison to necropsy findings. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v.36, p.126 - 130, 1995.
GROOTERS, A.M.; BILLER, D.S.; MIYABAYASHI, T. Evaluation of routine abdominal ultrasonography as a technique for imaging the canine adrenal glands. Journal of American Animal Hospital Association, v.30, p.457 - 462, 1994.
HOERAUF, A.; REUSCH, C. Ultrasonographic characteristics of both adrenal glands in 15 dogs with functional adrenocortical tumors. Journal of American Animal Hospital Association, v.35, n.3, p. 193-199, 1999.
KANTROWITZ, B.M.; NYLAND, T.G.; FELDMAN, E.C. Adrenal ultrasonography in the dog. Veterinary Radiology, v.27, p.91-96, 1986.
KEALY, K.J.; McALLISTER, H.; GRAHAM, J.P. Radiografia e Ultrassonografia de Cão e Gato Elsevier: Iowa. 2012. p.165-172. Link de acesso: http://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-PT&lr=&id=hb3HP82ZjdoC&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=Gl%C3%A2ndulas+adrenais+Ultrassom+ Diagn%C3%B3stico+em+Pequenos+Animais&ots=5MnvuduhS8&sig=O6xtl9-wbpZxdN0VZ7o1Dq-ooI0#v=onepage&q=Gl%C3%A2ndulas%20adrenais%20Ultrassom%20Diagn%C3%B3stico %20em%20Pequenos%20Animais&f=false
LAMB, C.R. Abdominal ultrasonography in small animals: intestinal tract and mesentery, kidneys, adrenal glands, uterus, and prostate. Journal of Small Animal Practice, v.31, p.295 - 304, 1990,
LATRONICO, A.C.; CHROUSOS, G.P. Extensive personal experience: adrenocortical tumors. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolic, v.82, p.1317-1324, 1997.
LUDBROOK, J. Statistical techniques for comparing measurers and methods of measurement: a critical review. Clinical Experimental Pharmacology Physiology, v.29, p.527-536, 2002.
MEYER-BAHLBURG, H.L.; DOLEZAL, C.; BAKER, S.W.; EHRHARDT, A.A. New MI. Gender development in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia as a function of disorder severity. Archives of Sex and Behavior, v.6, n.35, p.667-684, 2006.
MOGICATO, G; LAYSSOL-LAMOUR, C.; CONCHOU, F.; DIQUELOU, A.; RAHARISON, F.; SAUTET, J.; CONCORDET, D. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in healthy dogs: repeatability, reproducibility, observer-dependent variability, and the effect of bodyweight, age and sex. Veterinary Record, v.168, n.5, p.130, 2011.
PANAGIOTIS, M.; LAMB, C.R.; WITT, A.L.; NEIGER, R. Changes in ultrasonographic appearance of adrenal glands treated with trilostane in dogs with pituitary - dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v.44, n.6, p.682-685, 2003.
SPAULDING, K.A. A review of sonographic identification of abdominal blood vessels and juxta vascular organs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v.38, n.1, p.4 - 23, 1997.
VOORHOUT, G. X-ray-computed tomography, nephrotomography, and ultrasonography of the adrenal glands of healthy dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.51, n.4, p.625-631, 1990.
WIENEKE, J.A.; THOMPSON, L.D.; HEFFESS, C.S. Adrenal cortical neoplasms in the pediatric population: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic analysis of 83 patients. American Journal of Surgery and Pathology, v.27, p.867-881, 2003.
YEH H.S. Ultrasonography of the adrenals. Seminars in Roentgenology, v.23, n.4, p.250-258, 1988.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
13 Jan 2014
Data do Fascículo
Dez 2013

Histórico

Recebido
02 Maio 2013
Aceito
31 Jul 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ABECASSIS, M.; MCLOUGHLIN, M.J.; LANGER, B.; KUDLOW, J.E. Serendipitous adrenal masses: prevalence, significance, and management. American Journal of Surgery, v.149, p.783-788, 1985.

[2] ALLOLIO, B.; HAHNER, S.; WEISMANN, D.; FASSNACHT, M. Management of adrenocortical carcinoma. Clinical Endocrinology, v.60, p.273-287, 2004.

[3] BARBARET, V.; SCHREURES, E.; RADEMACHER, N.; NITZL, D.; TAEYMANS, O.; DUCHATEAU, L.; SAUNDERS, J.H. Qualification of the effect of various patient and image factors on ultrasonographic detection of select canine abdominal organs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v.49, n.3, p.273-276, 2008.

[4] BARBERET, V.; PEY, P.; DUCHATEAU, L.; COMBES, A.; DAMINET, S.; SAUNDERS, J.H. Intra and interobserver variability of ultrasonographic measurements of the adrenal glands in healthy Beagles. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v.6, p.656-660, 2010.

[5] BARTHEZ, P.; NYLAND, T.G.; FELDMAN, E.C. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in dogs. Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association, v.207, n.9, p.1180-1183, 1995.

[6] BARTHEZ, P.; NYLAND, T.G.; FELDMAN, E.C. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in dogs, cats and ferrets. Veterinary Clinical North American of Small Animal Practice, v.28, n.4, p.869-85, 1998.

[7] BRINKMAN, E.L.; BILLER, D.S.; ARMBRUST, L.J. The clinical utility of the right lateral intercostals scan technique in dogs. Journal of American Animal Hospital Association, v.43, p.179 - 86, 2007.

[8] BESSO, J.G.; PENNINCK, D.G.; GLIATTO, J.M. Retrospective ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal lesions in 26 dogs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v. 38, n. 6, p 448-455, 1997.

[9] CERRI, G.C.; ROCHA, D.C. Ultrassonografia abdominal Sarvie, São Paulo. 1993. 117p.

[10] DOUGLAS, J.; BERRY, C.; JAMES, S. Ultrasonographic adrenal gland measurements in dogs without evidence of adrenal disease. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v. 38, n. 2, p 124-130, 1997.

[11] ELSAYES, K.M. Ultrassonography and MR imaging features with pathologic correlation with adrenal glands. Radiographics, v.27, p.643-649, 2006.

[12] GRAHAM, J. Adrenal glands. In: PENNICK, D.; D'ANJO, M.A. (Eds). Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. 2008. p.385-388. Link de acesso: http://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-PT&lr=&id=4FFiNBYPvmMC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Adrenal+glands+Atlas+of+Small+Animal+ Ultrasonography&ots=TW16a88h5l&sig=r5fxGQXct3hg-KGJWIe7KDs11QE#v=onepage&q=Adrenal%20glands%20Atlas%20of%20Small%20Animal %20Ultrasonography&f=false

[13] GROOTERS, A. M.; BILLER, D.S.; MERRYMAN, J. Ultrasonographic parameters of normal canine adrenal glands: comparison to necropsy findings. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v.36, p.126 - 130, 1995.

[14] GROOTERS, A.M.; BILLER, D.S.; MIYABAYASHI, T. Evaluation of routine abdominal ultrasonography as a technique for imaging the canine adrenal glands. Journal of American Animal Hospital Association, v.30, p.457 - 462, 1994.

[15] HOERAUF, A.; REUSCH, C. Ultrasonographic characteristics of both adrenal glands in 15 dogs with functional adrenocortical tumors. Journal of American Animal Hospital Association, v.35, n.3, p. 193-199, 1999.

[16] KANTROWITZ, B.M.; NYLAND, T.G.; FELDMAN, E.C. Adrenal ultrasonography in the dog. Veterinary Radiology, v.27, p.91-96, 1986.

[17] KEALY, K.J.; McALLISTER, H.; GRAHAM, J.P. Radiografia e Ultrassonografia de Cão e Gato Elsevier: Iowa. 2012. p.165-172. Link de acesso: http://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-PT&lr=&id=hb3HP82ZjdoC&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=Gl%C3%A2ndulas+adrenais+Ultrassom+ Diagn%C3%B3stico+em+Pequenos+Animais&ots=5MnvuduhS8&sig=O6xtl9-wbpZxdN0VZ7o1Dq-ooI0#v=onepage&q=Gl%C3%A2ndulas%20adrenais%20Ultrassom%20Diagn%C3%B3stico %20em%20Pequenos%20Animais&f=false

[18] LAMB, C.R. Abdominal ultrasonography in small animals: intestinal tract and mesentery, kidneys, adrenal glands, uterus, and prostate. Journal of Small Animal Practice, v.31, p.295 - 304, 1990,

[19] LATRONICO, A.C.; CHROUSOS, G.P. Extensive personal experience: adrenocortical tumors. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolic, v.82, p.1317-1324, 1997.

[20] LUDBROOK, J. Statistical techniques for comparing measurers and methods of measurement: a critical review. Clinical Experimental Pharmacology Physiology, v.29, p.527-536, 2002.

[21] MEYER-BAHLBURG, H.L.; DOLEZAL, C.; BAKER, S.W.; EHRHARDT, A.A. New MI. Gender development in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia as a function of disorder severity. Archives of Sex and Behavior, v.6, n.35, p.667-684, 2006.

[22] MOGICATO, G; LAYSSOL-LAMOUR, C.; CONCHOU, F.; DIQUELOU, A.; RAHARISON, F.; SAUTET, J.; CONCORDET, D. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in healthy dogs: repeatability, reproducibility, observer-dependent variability, and the effect of bodyweight, age and sex. Veterinary Record, v.168, n.5, p.130, 2011.

[23] PANAGIOTIS, M.; LAMB, C.R.; WITT, A.L.; NEIGER, R. Changes in ultrasonographic appearance of adrenal glands treated with trilostane in dogs with pituitary - dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v.44, n.6, p.682-685, 2003.

[24] SPAULDING, K.A. A review of sonographic identification of abdominal blood vessels and juxta vascular organs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, v.38, n.1, p.4 - 23, 1997.

[25] VOORHOUT, G. X-ray-computed tomography, nephrotomography, and ultrasonography of the adrenal glands of healthy dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.51, n.4, p.625-631, 1990.

[26] WIENEKE, J.A.; THOMPSON, L.D.; HEFFESS, C.S. Adrenal cortical neoplasms in the pediatric population: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic analysis of 83 patients. American Journal of Surgery and Pathology, v.27, p.867-881, 2003.

[27] YEH H.S. Ultrasonography of the adrenals. Seminars in Roentgenology, v.23, n.4, p.250-258, 1988.

Brasil

Brasil

Comparação das características e medidas ultrassonográficas das glândulas adrenais de cães e gatos filhotes saudáveis

Comparison of adrenal glands ultrasonographic characteristics and measurements in healthy puppies and kittens

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico