USE OF HEMISPHERIC PHOTOGRAPHS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN MATA DE SANTA GENEBRA, CAMPINAS/SP STATE, BRAZIL

Garcia, Joice Machado; Longo, Regina Márcia; Penereiro, Júlio César; Mendes, Deborah Regina; Mantovani, Paloma

doi:10.5902/1980509831651

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Artigos • Ciênc. Florest. 28 (1) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509831651 copy

USE OF HEMISPHERIC PHOTOGRAPHS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN MATA DE SANTA GENEBRA, CAMPINAS/SP STATE, BRAZIL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Currently, the development of large centers has exerted constant pressure on the remaining forests located in urban areas. The study of environmental impacts to which they are exposed allows better management and conservation of forest remnants located in this areas. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of degradation in forest border areas and inside of Mata de Santa Genebra, a forest remnant constituted 85% of semideciduous forest, located in Barão Geraldo district (Campinas, SP). They took up 19 points within the remaining, three photos were taken for each point, equidistant 200 meters from each other and each at a distance of 5 meters from the traversed tracks. Additionally, 40 points in the remainder of the edge area, also discussed in triplicate, equally spaced 200 meters apart and each at a distance of 10 meters from the edge of the forest fragment. The results lead to the conclusion that in the winter, through the Leaf Area Index analyzes, the edge of the remaining forest is more degraded in the interior, including point out of the places where degradation had become more pronounced and they need more emergency actions for their recovery. These results are probably due to anthropogenic influences present in the studied forest stretches.

Keywords:
environmental degradation; leaf area index; remaining forest

TABELA 1 Localização dos pontos selecionados no interior da Mata de Santa Genebra

		Coordenadas	em UTM -	Fuso 23 S
Trilha	Ponto	E (Longitude)	N (Latitude)	Elev. (m)
	A	7473667	283803	609
	B	7473806	283716	611
I	C	7473967	283605	612
	D	7474127	283480	620
	E	7474298	283353	621
	F	7474454	283229	617
	G	7475003	283530	620
	H	7474787	283502	618
II	I	7474610	283443	616
	J	7474527	283255	612
	K	7474446	283073	614
	L	7474659	283195	607
	M	7474844	283181	608
	N	7475049	283154	599
III	O	7475179	283022	588
	P	7475297	282850	595
	Q	7475421	282688	597
	R	7475521	282513	597
	S	7475607	282324	593

TABELA 2 Localização dos pontos selecionados na borda da Mata de Santa Genebra

Trecho	Ponto	E (Longitude)	N (Latitude)	Elev. (m)	Trecho	Ponto	E (Longitude)	N (Latitude)	Elev. (m)
	1	7474637	283985	600		11	7473537	283605	610
	2	7474448	283922	606		12	7473672	283451	613
	3	7474250	283928	613		13	7473820	283301	614
	4	7474002	283935	618		14	7473949	283175	612
a	5	7473753	283919	621	b	15	7474117	283105	611
	6	7473550	293914	619		16	7474261	282980	616
	7	7473344	283914	614		17	7474453	282979	615
	8	7473167	283995	603		18	7474661	283010	604
	9	7473227	283841	600		19	7474839	282922	596
	10	7473378	283735	604		20	7474975	282775	601
	21	7474957	282583	610		31	7475900	282487	598
	22	7474939	282404	613		32	7475652	282652	603
	23	7474923	282181	614		33	7475671	282814	608
	24	7474880	282000	613		34	7475569	282970	607
	25	7474941	281859	607		35	7475451	283156	607
c	26	7475115	281953	601	d	36	7475341	283325	610
	27	7475293	282048	589		37	7475235	283492	613
	28	7475468	282153	588		38	7475113	283650	611
	29	7475671	282284	594		39	7474930	283775	612
	30	7475836	282368	597		40	7474789	283904	611

TABELA 3 Registros de IAF, MO e RR medidos nos pontos do interior na Mata de Santa Genebra

Trilha	Ponto	IAF (m²/m²)	MO (g/dm³)	RR
	A	1,328	43	5,000
	B	3,522	31	3,333
I	C	1,876	33	9,000
	D	2,741	47	7,500
	E	1,717	45	5,000
	F	1,864	45	10,000
Média		2,175	40,667	6,639
Mediana		1,87	44,000	6,250
Desvio Padrão		0,806	6,860	2,604
Coef. de Variação (%)		37,06	16,870	39,230
	G	2,556	32	10,000
	H	2,094	40	5,000
II	I	1,816	37	7,500
	J	2,766	56	7,500
	K	0,955	39	11,250
Média		2,037	40,800	8,250
Mediana		2,094	39,000	7,500
Desvio Padrão		0,711	9,039	2,437
Coef. de Variação (%)		34,91	22,150	29,540
	L	1,946	45	5,000
	M	1,166	35	6,667
	N	2,733	74	2,000
III	O	1,885	38	1,000
	P	2,285	30	2,500
	Q	2,953	25	1,875
	R	1,823	25	7,500
	S	1,812	21	3,750
Média		2,075	36,625	3,786
Mediana		1,916	32,5	3,125
Desvio Padrão		0,568	17,029	2,385
Coef. de Variação (%)		27,38	46,49	62,990

TABELA 4 Registros de IAF, MO e RR medidos nos pontos da borda da Mata Santa Genebra

Trecho	Ponto	IAF	MO	RR	Trecho	Ponto	IAF	MO	RR
		(m²/m²)	(g/dm³)				(m²/m²)	(g/dm³)
	1	1,830	44	3,750		11	1,482	51	10,000
	2	2,167	43	5,000		12	1,536	45	10,000
	3	2,092	54	5,000		13	1,058	51	9,000
	4	2,200	53	5,000		14	1,122	50	10,000
	5	1,776	48	5,000		15	1,356	56	10,000
a	6	1,683	40	5,000	b	16	1,495	58	10,000
	7	1,032	50	1,667		17	0,741	34	2,500
	8	1,539	51	6,667		18	1,187	63	5,000
	9	2,228	67	5,000		19	1,002	61	7,500
	10	1,793	55	5,000		20	1,247	66	7,500
Média		1,834	50,500	4,708	Média		1,223	53,500	8,150
Mediana		1,812	50,500	5,000	Mediana		1,217	53,500	9,500
Desvio padrão		0,369	7,649	1,273	Desvio padrão		0,253	9,466	2,593
Coef. de Variação (%)		20,11	15,15	27,05	Coef. de Variação (%)		20,71	17,69	31,82
	21	0,754	52	8,333		31	1,656	37	2,500
	22	1,479	55	1,875		32	2,055	53	15,000
	23	1,383	67	9,000		33	1,598	54	2,500
	24	0,829	64	5,000		34	1,669	43	5,000
	25	3,120	53	10,000		35	2,049	60	10,000
c	26	2,087	42	5,000	d	36	1,993	56	10,000
	27	1,659	57	1,250		37	1,904	53	10,000
	28	2,055	45	3,333		38	2,346	55	6,667
	29	1,856	39	3,333		39	1,434	51	5,000
	30	2,534	36	7,500		40	1,749	46	5,000
Média		1,776	51,000	5,462	Média		1,845	50,800	7,167
Mediana		1,758	52,500	5,000	Mediana		1,827	53,000	5,834
Desvio padrão		0,727	10,371	3,084	Desvio padrão		0,272	6,861	3,991
Coef. de Variação (%)		40,96	20,34	56,46	Coef. de Variação (%)		14,76	13,50	55,68

TABELA 5 Valores obtidos aplicando o teste H e o teste valor “p” para IAF, MO e RR

Teste	Região	IAF	MO	RR
H	Trilhas	0,011	2,266	7,279
	Trechos	13,256	0,704	9,286
valor “p”	Trilhas	0,941	0,789	0,016
	Trechos	0,009	0,859	0,048

TABELA 6 Coeficientes de correlação entre IAF, MO e RR medidos na Mata de Santa Genebra

Região	Posição	IAF x MO	IAF x RR	MO x RR
Trilhas	I	0,45	0,341	0,256
	II	0,36	0,325	0,304
	III	0,298	0,664	0,271
	Todas	0,124	0,362	0,017
Trechos	a	0,301	0,517	0,121
	b	0,311	0,752	0,232
	c	0,525	0,218	0,121
	d	0,53	0,621	0,562
	Todas	0,149	0,112	0,279

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[TFN1] Em que: E e N representam as coordenadas em UTM; Elev. representa a elevação do local.