Genetic variability of <i>Araucaria angustifolia</i> Bertol. initial growth: subsidy to the formation of seed orchards

Gerber, Dionatan; Brun, Eleandro José; Topanotti, Larissa Regina; Ferreira, Josângela de Jesus; Porrua, Douglas Anry; Gorenstein, Mauricio Romero; Wagner Júnior, Américo

doi:10.5902/1980509841712

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Artigos • Ciênc. Florest. 31 (1) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509841712 copy

Genetic variability of Araucaria angustifolia Bertol. initial growth: subsidy to the formation of seed orchards

Variabilidade genética do crescimento inicial de Araucaria angustifolia Bertol.: subsídio para formação de pomares de sementes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The species Araucaria angustifolia Bertol. is native from Brazil, and it is now an endangered species due to the anthropic actions for several years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of Araucaria angustifolia based on initial growth qualitative and quantitative variables in a provenance and progeny test. Based on this performance, the genotypes with higher presence of superior characteristics were selected, to subsidize the formation of seed orchards. The matrices from Guarapuava-PR and Palmeira-SC were chosen according to their biometric and morphometric characteristics. Each matrix received a control code card. The matrices trees were assessed according to dendrometric and sanitary characteristics, and the harvested pine cones were evaluated for their weight, volume, and sanity. A total of 14 matrices from Palmeira-SC and 10 matrices from Guarapuava-PR were selected. The pinecones from each selected matrix were evaluated by quantitative characters. The seeds of these pineconeswere separated according to matrix tree, and they were used in the experiment to evaluatethe emergency and initial growth among genotypes.All the statistical analyses were conducted in a computational application about genetics -GENES® and on the software R Studio. It was verified that there is genetic variability among the provenances and progenies for most of the quantitative characters studied for A. angustifolia, and thus, there is also the possibility of obtaining gains through selection among and within the provenances. The selection among and within the provenances suggests that it is possible to reach significant genetic gains, especially for weight and diameter of pine cones, weight, and number of seeds per pinecone, and tree growth.

Keywords:
Pine cone; Pine seeds; Genetic conservation

Progenie	E (%)	ISE	MTE (days)*
GUPR-951**	78.00 a***	0.88 b	45.77 c
GUPR-952	51.33 b	0.69 b	39.31 a
GUPR-956	72.00 a	0.86 b	43.56 c
GUPR-957	78.67 a	0.87 b	46.93 c
GUPR-958	66.67 b	0.67 b	51.61 d
GUPR-959	72.00 a	0,86 b	43.20 c
GUPR-960	76.67 a	0.91 b	44.46 c
GUPR-963	86.00 a	0.98 b	44.82 c
GUPR-964	78.00 a	0.90 b	44.69 c
GUPR-965	77.33 a	0.92 b	43.56 c
PASC-966	57.33 b	0.59 b	50.06 d
PASC-967	54.00 b	0.46 b	60.02 f
PASC-969	92.00 a	1.25 a	37.48 a
PASC-970	63.33 b	0.57 b	56.18 e
PASC-971	94.00 a	1.25 a	39.10 a
PASC-972	40.00 b	0.48 b	42.47 c
PASC-973	85.33 a	1.13 a	38.63 a
PASC-974	83.33 a	0.81 b	53.67 e
PASC-975	80.67 a	0.90 b	45.95 c
PASC-976	62.00 b	0.54 b	59.39 f
PASC-977	70.00 a	0.86 b	41.61 b
PASC-978	48.67 b	0.39 b	63.59 g
PASC-979	52.67 b	0.55 b	49.51 d
PASC-980	64.00 b	0.60 b	55.13 e
CV(%)	14.92	15.20	1.78

Progenie	h (cm)	cd (mm)	h (cm)	cd (mm)	h (cm)	cd (mm)	Inc. in h (cm)	Inc. in cd (cm)
	30 days		60 days		90 days		90 days
GUPR-951	9.8 ns**	1.20 d*	19.2 ns**	3.37 b	23.4 b	4.32 c	13.6 b	3.12 a*
GUPR-952	7.0	2.30 c	17.8	2.80 b	25.4 a	3.40 d	18.4 a	1.10 d
GUPR-956	9.0	3.60 b	17.8	2.54 b	19.4 b	4.78 b	10.4 b	1.18 d
GUPR-957	7.2	1.24 d	15.7	3.19 b	23.2 b	3.84 d	16.0 b	2.60 a
GUPR-958	6.2	2.28 c	17.6	3.02 b	26.4 a	3.80 d	20.4 a	1.52 d
GUPR-959	7.2	2.35 b	15.7	2.73 b	18.4 b	3.42 d	11.2 b	1.07 d
GUPR-960	4.8	1.56 c	18.4	3.30 b	25.8 a	4.34 c	21.0 a	2.78 b
GUPR-963	1.,3	1.78 c	19.3	3.43 b	25.0 a	4.04 c	14.7 b	2.26 c
GUPR-964	8,1	1.78 c	18.4	2.48 b	26.9 a	3.20 d	18.8 a	1.42 d
GUPR-965	8.0	1.42 c	20.0	2.64 b	27.4 a	4.46 c	19.4 a	3.04 b
PASC-966	8.6	4.03 a	19.3	4.73 a	23.8 b	5.97 a	15.2 b	1.94 c
PASC-967	5.3	3.11 b	19.2	3.86 a	24.7 a	5.43 b	19.4 a	2.32 c
PASC-969	7.5	2.18 c	18.5	3.46 b	22.0 b	4.81 b	14.5 b	2.63 b
PASC-970	7.3	3.83 a	19.7	4.30 a	28.1 a	4.95 b	20.8 a	1.12 d
PASC-971	7.0	2.00 c	18.3	2.97 b	27.9 a	4.41 c	20.9 a	2.41 c
PASC-972	5.1	2.16 c	19.0	2.96 b	29.0 a	4.52 c	23.9 a	2.36 c
PASC-973	6.1	1.24 c	14.2	3.25 b	22.0 b	4.63 c	15.9 b	3.39 b
PASC-974	8.3	1.44 c	19.0	4.83 a	26.5 a	6.16 a	18.2 a	4.72 a
PASC-975	8.7	1.62 c	16.8	4.53 a	24.8 a	4.91 b	16.1 b	3.29 b
PASC-976	7.4	2.70 c	16.9	4.53 a	21.3 b	5.22 b	14.9 b	2.52 c
PASC-977	5.3	1.80 c	16.5	2.24 b	27.9 a	3.52 d	22.6 a	1.72 d
PASC-978	5.8	3.96 a	14.6	4.38 a	23.1 b	5.36 b	17.3 a	1.40 d
PASC-979	8.7	4.40 a	18.6	5.19 a	29.9 a	6.26 a	21.2 a	1.86 c
PASC-980	8.2	3.27 b	17.2	3.76 a	24.0 b	5.17 b	15.8 b	1.90 c
CV (%)	34.50	10.84	17.58	17.78	14.02	14.85	19.77	9.19

Groups	Progenies
I	GUPR-952	GUPR-958	GUPR-964	PASC-971	PASC-977	GUPR-960	PASC-972	GUPR-965
II	PASC-976	PASC-980	PASC-969	PASC-975	PASC-966
III	GUPR-957	PASC-973	GUPR-959
IV	PASC-970	PASC-979
V	GUPR-951	GUPR-963
VI	PASC-974
VII	GUPR-956
VIII	PASC-967
IX	PASC-978

	h30	cd30	h60	cd60	h90	cd90	Inc.h	Inc.cd	E	ISE	MTE
h30	1.00	-0.13^ns	0.48**	0.25**	0.18*	0.17 ^ns	-0.42**	0.19*	0.15 ^ns	0.10 ^ns	-0.03 ^ns
cd30		1.00	0.20*	0.59**	0.21*	0.58**	0.20*	-0.64**	-0.44**	-0.46**	0.41**
h60			1.00	0.28**	0.60**	0.30**	0.26**	0.08 ^ns	-0.01 ^ns	-0.01 ^ns	-0.36 ^ns
cd60				1.00	0.12 ^ns	0.85**	-0.03 ^ns	0.05 ^ns	-0.19*	-0.33**	0.45**
h90					1.00	0.16 ^ns	0.82**	-0.06 ^ns	-0.12 ^ns	-0.08 ^ns	-0.04 ^ns
cd90						1.00	0.06 ^ns	0.23*	-0.19*	-0.30**	0.42**
Inc.h							1.00	-0.16 ^ns	-0.20*	-0.15 ^ns	-0.01 ^ns
Inc.cd								1.00	0.37**	0.31**	-0.13 ^ns
E									1.00	0.91**	-0.43**
ISE										1.00	-0.74**
MTE											1.00

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Av. Roraima, 1.000, 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brasil, Tel. : (55 55)3220-8444 r.37, Fax: (55 55)3220-8444 r.22 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciaflorestal@ufsm.br

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[1] 1 - Dionatan Gerber: Forestry Engineer, MSc. - dionatan_gerber@hotmail.com. 2 - Eleandro José Brun: Forestry Engineer, Dr., Professor - eleandrobrun@utfpr.edu.br. 3 - Larissa Regina Topanotti: Forestry Engineer, MSc. - larissa.topanotti@ufsc.br. 4 - Josângela de Jesus Ferreira: Forestry Engineer - jo_ferreira16@yahoo.com.br. 5 - Douglas Anry Porrua: Forestry Engineer, MSc. - douglas_porrua@hotmail.com. 6 - Mauricio Romero Gorenstein: Forestry Engineer, Dr., Professor - mauriciorg@utfpr.edu.br. 7 - Américo Wagner Júnior: Agronomist, Dr., Professor - americowagner@utfpr.edu.br.