Effect of delayed auditory feedback on stuttering with and without central auditory processing disorders

Picoloto, Luana Altran; Cardoso, Ana Cláudia Vieira; Cerqueira, Amanda Venuti; Oliveira, Cristiane Moço Canhetti de

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Original Article • CoDAS 29 (6) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/201720170038 copy

Effect of delayed auditory feedback on stuttering with and without central auditory processing disorders

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To verify the effect of delayed auditory feedback on speech fluency of individuals who stutter with and without central auditory processing disorders.

Methods

The participants were twenty individuals with stuttering from 7 to 17 years old and were divided into two groups: Stuttering Group with Auditory Processing Disorders (SGAPD): 10 individuals with central auditory processing disorders, and Stuttering Group (SG): 10 individuals without central auditory processing disorders. Procedures were: fluency assessment with non-altered auditory feedback (NAF) and delayed auditory feedback (DAF), assessment of the stuttering severity and central auditory processing (CAP). Phono Tools software was used to cause a delay of 100 milliseconds in the auditory feedback. The “Wilcoxon Signal Post” test was used in the intragroup analysis and “Mann-Whitney” test in the intergroup analysis.

Results

The DAF caused a statistically significant reduction in SG: in the frequency score of stuttering-like disfluencies in the analysis of the Stuttering Severity Instrument, in the amount of blocks and repetitions of monosyllabic words, and in the frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies of duration. Delayed auditory feedback did not cause statistically significant effects on SGAPD fluency, individuals with stuttering with auditory processing disorders.

Conclusion

The effect of delayed auditory feedback in speech fluency of individuals who stutter was different in individuals of both groups, because there was an improvement in fluency only in individuals without auditory processing disorder.

Keywords
Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences; Speech; Speech Disorders; Stuttering; Feedback; Hearing

		Stuttering Group with Auditory Processing Disorders (SGAPD)					Stuttering Group (SG)					p Value
		Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	SD	Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	SD	p Value
SLD	NAF	6.60	4.50	3.00	17.50	4.64	7.55	6.25	3.00	19.50	5.30	0.760
SLD	DAF	7.85	4.50	2.50	22.00	7.01	6.20	4.75	1.50	20.00	5.30	0.677
p value		0.944					0.058
OD	NAF	6.95	6.25	3.50	14.50	3.43	6.80	5.00	3.00	15.00	4.37	0.568
OD	DAF	5.95	6.25	2.00	9.50	2.09	8.10	7.00	3.50	13.00	3.08	0.094
p value		0.722					0.172
TD	NAF	13.55	11.75	6.50	32.00	7.63	14.35	11.50	7.50	27.70	7.28	0.733
TD	DAF	13.80	11.00	7.00	29.00	7.13	14.30	12.75	5.00	27.50	6.29	0.343
p value		0.513				0.683

		Stuttering Group with Auditory Processing Disorders (SGAPD)					Stuttering Group (SG)					p value
		Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	SD	Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	SD	p value
SPM	NAF	161.30	168.50	30.00	240.00	58.37	154.04	150.95	48.00	266.66	59.98	0.596
SPM	DAF	136.95	150.21	33.00	219.52	54.86	156.34	157.03	100.00	260.86	46.29	0.596
p value		0.051					0.878
WPM	NAF	97.55	107.18	20.00	124.40	32.97	92.82	86.66	28.00	157.33	35.70	0.520
WPM	DAF	83.99	88.26	20.00	133.68	32.74	93.30	92.07	58.50	133.04	22.90	0.705
p value		0.051					0.878

		Stuttering Group with Auditory Processing Disorders (SGAPD)					Stuttering Group (SG)					p value
		Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	SD	Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	SD	p value
FS	NAF	11.00	10.00	8.00	16.00	2.87	11.60	11.00	8.00	16.00	3.24	0.689
FS	DAF	11.20	10.00	6.00	18.00	3.79	9.50	9.50	4.00	16.00	3.37	0.358
p value		0.914					0.048^* * Statistical difference p<0.05 - Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test the intragroup analysis and Mann-Whitney test in the intergroup analysis
DS	NAF	6.40	6.00	6.00	8.00	0.84	6.40	6.00	4.00	10.00	2.27	0.668
DS	DAF	6.20	6.00	4.00	10.00	1.99	6.40	6.00	4.00	10.00	2.46	0.937
p value		0.705					>0.999
PCS	NAF	4.20	3.50	3.00	7.00	1.55	5.20	5.50	0.00	10.00	2.62	0.216
PCS	DAF	4.60	4.00	3.00	9.00	2.01	5.10	5.00	0.00	9.00	2.77	0.560
p value		0.684					0.833
TS	NAF	21.60	19.00	17.00	29.00	4.67	23.20	23.00	14.00	32.00	7.10	0.471
TS	DAF	22.00	19.00	13.00	35.00	7.06	21.00	19.00	11.00	31.00	6.61	0.879
p value		0.811					0.256

		Stuttering Group with Auditory Processing Disorders (SGAPD)					Stuttering Group (SG)					p value
		Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	SD	Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	SD	p value
SLD of duration	NAF	3.80	3.20	1.00	7.00	2.35	6.30	5.00	1.00	18.00	4.85	0.224
SLD of duration	DAF	4.10	2.00	0.00	11.00	4.12	3.90	2.50	1.00	9.00	2.92	0.590
p value		0.905					0.036^* * Statistical difference p<0.05 - Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test the intragroup analysis and Mann-Whitney test in the intergroup analysis
SLD of repetition	NAF	9.20	6.00	2.00	30.00	8.35	8.70	6.50	0.00	21.00	7.02	0.909
SLD of repetition	DAF	10.40	6.00	5.00	33.00	9.24	7.60	4.50	1.00	25.00	7.59	0.092
p value		0.325					0.526

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[1] Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.