Self-reported diabetes and factors associated with it in the Brazilian adult population: National Health Survey, 2019

Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Bernal, Regina Tomie Ivata; Sá, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de; Silva, Tércia Moreira Ribeiro da; Iser, Betine Pinto Moehlecke; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Schimdt, Maria Inês

doi:10.1590/1413-81232022277.02572022EN

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 27 (7) • July 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022277.02572022EN copy

Self-reported diabetes and factors associated with it in the Brazilian adult population: National Health Survey, 2019

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the prevalence of self-reported diabetes and its associated factors in the Brazilian adult population. It is a cross-sectional study using the 2019 National Health Survey. Prevalence and crude prevalence ratios (PRc) and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa) of self-reported diabetes were estimated, with confidence intervals (95% CI), using Poisson regression. In the 82,349 adults, the prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 7.7%. Positively associated factors were: advanced age with greater association after 60 years (PRa 24.87; 95%CI 15.78-39.18); living in the Northeast (PRa 1.16; 95%CI 1.04-1.29), Southeast (PRa 1.27; 95% CI 1.14-1.43), South (PRa 1.18; 95%CI 1, 05-1.34), and Midwest (PRa 1.21; 95%CI 1.06-1.38); being a former smoker (PRa 1.17; 95%CI 1.09-1.27); self-assessment of regular health (PRa 2.41; 95%CI 2.21-2.64), bad/very bad (PRa 3.45; 95%CI 3.06-3.88); having heart disease (PRa 1.81; 95%CI 1.64-2.00), hypertension (PRa 2.84; 95%CI 2.60-3.69), high cholesterol (PRa 2.22; 95%CI 2.05-2.41), overweight (PRa 1.49; 95%CI 1.36-1.64), and obesity (PRa 2.25; 95%CI 2.05-2.47). It could be concluded that diabetes in Brazilian adults is associated with sociodemographic factors, aging, lifestyle, and morbidities. These results can guide public policies for the prevention and control of disease in Brazil.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus; Risk factors; Health surveys; Brazil

Variables	Self-reported diabetes
Variables	%	95%CI
Sociodemographic characteristics
Total	7.7	7.4-8.0
Sex
Male	6.9	6.5-7.4
Female	8.4	8.0-8.8
Age group (years)
18 to 24	0.7	0.4-1.1
25 to 39	1.6	1.3-1.8
40 to 59	7.9	7.4-8.5
60 and older	20.2	19.3-21.1
Education
No education to incomplete elementary	12.9	12.3-13.5
Complete elementary to incomplete high school	6.3	5.5-7.0
Complete high school to incomplete higher education	4.6	4.2-5.0
Complete higher education	4.7	4.1-5.5
Race/color
White	8.0	7.6-8.5
Black	7.3	6.9-7.7
Light-skinned black	7.8	7.0-8.7
Others (yellow/indigenous)	10.8	7.5-14.2
Health insurance
No	7.7	7.3-8.0
Yes	7.9	7.3-8.5
Income in number of minimum wage salaries
Up to 1	7.2	6.8-7.7
1 to 3	8.3	7.8-8.8
3 to 5	9.1	7.8-10.3
5 or more	6.9	5.9-7.9
Region of Brazil
North	5.5	4.9-6.0
Northeast	7.2	6.8-7.6
Southeast	8.5	7.9-9.1
South	7.9	7.2-8.6
Midwest	7.2	6.4-7.9

Variables	Self-reported diabetes
Variables	%	95%CI
Lifestyle
Smoking
Non-smoker	6.4	6.1-6.8
Former smoker	11.3	10.6-12.0
Smoker	6.4	5.6-7.2
Consumption of healthy foods
No	7.5	7.2-7.8
Yes	8.4	7.8-9.1
Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages
No	8.5	8.2-8.9
Yes	3.8	3.3-4.3
Excessive consumption of salt
No	8.0	7.7-8.3
Yes	5.7	4.9-6.6
Physical activity in free time
No	8.7	8.3-9.1
Yes	5.4	4.9-5.9
Health conditions
Evaluation of health conditions
Good/very good	3.8	3.5-4.1
Regular	14.2	13.5-14.9
Bad/very Bad	23.8	21.8-25.8
Heart disease
No	6.9	6.6-7.2
Yes	22.5	20.5-24.5
Hypertension
No	3.7	3.4-3.9
Yes	20.6	19.7-21.5
High cholesterol
No	5.9	5.6-6.2
Yes	20.8	19.5-22.0
Nutritional conditions
Eutrophic	4.9	4.6-5.3
Overweight	8.3	7.8-8.8
Obesity	12.6	11.7-13.4

Variables	PRc	95%CI	PRa	95%CI
Sociodemographic characteristics
Sex
Male	1		1
Female	1.22	1.13-1.32	1.22	1.13-1.32
Age group (years)
18 to 24	1		1
25 to 39	2.15	1.32-3.51	2.21	1.36-3.61
40 to 59	10.95	6.94-17.28	10.54	6.68-16.61
60 and older	27.84	17.68-43.85	24.87	15.78-39.18
Education
No education to incomplete elementary	1		1
Complete elementaryto incomplete high school	0.49	0.43-0.55	0.89	0.79-1.01
Complete high school to incomplete higher education	0.36	0.32-0.39	0.77	0.70-0.86
Complete higher education	0.36	0.32-0.41	0.58	0.51-0.66
Race/color
White	1		1
Black	0.90	0.83-0.98	1.08	1.00-1.17
Brown	0.97	0.86-1.10	1.12	1.00-1.26
Others (yellow/indigenous)	1.35	0.98-1.84	1.34	1.00-1.80
Health insurance
No	1		1
Yes	1.03	0.94-1.12	0.95	0.87-1.03
Income in number of minimum wage salaries
Up to 1	1		1
1 to 3	1.15	1.06-1.25	0.93	0.86-1.01
3 to 5	1.25	1.08-1.45	0.95	0.83-1.09
5 or more	0.95	0.81-1.11	0.67	0.58-0.78
Region of Brazil
North	1		1
Northeast	1.31	1.18-1.47	1.16	1.04-1.29
Southeast	1.56	1.39-1.75	1.27	1.14-1.43
South	1.45	1.27-1.64	1.18	1.05-1.34
Midwest	1.31	1.14-1.51	1.21	1.06-1.38
Lifestyles
Smoking
Non-smoker	1		1
Former smoker	1.75	1.62-1.90	1.17	1.09-1.27
Smoker	0.99	0.86-1.14	0.87	0.76-1.01
Consumption of healthy foods
No	1		1
Yes	1.13	1.03-1.23	0.93	0.86-1.02
Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages
No	1		1
Yes	0.44	0.38-0.51	0.76	0.66-0.88
Excessive consumption of salt
No	1		1
Yes	0.71	0.61-0.83	1.02	0.88-1.18
Physical activity in free time
No	1		1
Yes	0.62	0.56-0.69	0.85	0.77-0.93
Health conditions
Evaluation of health conditions
Good/Very Good	1		1
Regular	3.74	3.44-4.08	2.41	2.21-2.64
Bad/Very Bad	6.26	5.59-7.01	3.45	3.06-3.88
Heart disease
No	1		1
Yes	3.26	2.95-3.61	1.81	1.64-2.00
Hypertension
No	1		1
Yes	5.59	5.17-6.04	2.84	2.60-3.69
High cholesterol
No	1
Yes	3.5	3.23-3.79	2.22	2.05-2.41
Nutritional conditions
Eutrophic	1		1
Overweight	1.69	1.54-1.85	1.49	1.36-1.64
Obesity	2.55	2.31-2.81	2.25	2.05-2.47

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[1] Collaborations

All of the authors contributed to the planning, conception, and alignment of the study; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing and critical revision of the article; approved the final version to be published; agreed to be responsible for all the aspects of the work, ensuring that all the questions related to the accuracy and integrity of any part of the work were investigated as necessary and were duly resolved.