Flavonoids, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of propolis from various areas of Guanajuato, Mexico

HERNÁNDEZ ZARATE, María Susana; ABRAHAM JUÁREZ, María del Rosario; CERÓN GARCÍA, Abel; OZUNA LÓPEZ, César; GUTIÉRREZ CHÁVEZ, Abner Josué; SEGOVIANO GARFIAS, José de Jesús Nezahualcóyotl; AVILA RAMOS, Fidel

doi:10.1590/fst.29916

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Research Paper • Food Sci. Technol 38 (2) • Apr-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.29916 copy

Flavonoids, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of propolis from various areas of Guanajuato, Mexico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Propolis is a resin gathered by honey bees from trees and shrubs but it used in the beehive as building material or as an antibiotic paste. The aim of this study was to determine the content of flavonoids and phenols, as well as the antioxidant capacity of propolis from various regions of Guanajuato, Mexico. The content of flavonoids and phenols was determined by the aluminum nitrate method and the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant capacity was determined using the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) method and the ferric reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ (FRAP•) assay. The flavonoid content varied from 13 to 379 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE) per g of propolis and the phenolic content ranged from 68 to 500 mg of caffeic acid equivalents (CAE) per g of propolis. The trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) per g of propolis varied from 39.8 to 54.4 for the DPPH• method and from 50 to 2000 for the FRAP• assay. Propolis rich in flavonoids and phenols possesses a low antioxidant capacity. The results show that propolis from different areas of Guanajuato are rich in flavonoids and phenolics compounds while their antioxidant capacity is variable.

Keywords:
antioxidant capacity; DPPH•; FRAP•; natural antioxidants

Municipality	Location of propolis recollection	Flavonoids (mg/g of EEP)	Phenols (mg/g of EEP)
Cortazar	San Isidro Calera⁽³⁰⁾	130 ± 2g^hij	105 ± 2^no
Dolores Hidalgo	Dolores Hidalgo⁽⁴⁾	150 ± 4^fgh	179 ± 1^ljk
	Cerro Blanco⁽⁹⁾	218 ± 2^cde	418 ± 4^b
	Cerro Blanco⁽¹⁰⁾	110 ± 6^hijkl	207 ± 1^ghijk
	Adjuntas del Rio⁽¹³⁾	178 ± 9^ef	413 ± 7^bc
	La Regadera⁽²⁷⁾	220 ± 1^cd	330 ± 1^e
	La Regadera⁽²⁸⁾	243 ± 4^bc	317 ± 7^ef
Irapuato	El Copal⁽¹⁴⁾	232 ± 2^bc	493 ± 2^a
León	Santa Rita⁽¹⁶⁾	165 ± 6^fg	348 ± 3^de
	San Cristóbal de las Casas⁽¹⁸⁾	88 ± 2^jklm	293 ± 2^f
	Capellanía de Loeria⁽²⁴⁾	182 ± 3^def	184 ± 1^lkij
	León⁽²⁵⁾	347 ± 2^a	438 ± 5^b
Purísima del Rincón	El Manso⁽¹⁵⁾	126 ± 6^ghijk	342 ± 2^de
	El Barrial⁽¹⁷⁾	124 ± 8^ghijk	230 ± 10^hg
Romita	San Pedro⁽²⁾	63 ± 2^mno	139 ± 1^mn
	San Clemente⁽³⁾	71 ± 1^lmn	219 ± 7^hig
	Maravillas⁽²⁰⁾	26 ± 3^op	208 ± 5^ghij
San Felipe	Jaral de Berrio⁽²⁶⁾	98 ± 3^ijklm	94 ± 6^op
San Miguel Allende	Los Galvanes⁽²⁹⁾	269 ± 4^b	377 ± 2^cd
Silao	Las Maravillas⁽¹⁾	153 ± 2^fg	172 ± 9^lmk
Tarimoro	La Noria⁽⁵⁾	88 ± 10^klm	201 ± 2^hijk
	El Acebuche⁽¹⁹⁾	22 ± 5^op	239 ± 2^g
	El Acebuche⁽²¹⁾	379 ± 4^a	501 ± 2^a
	El Terrero⁽²²⁾	131 ± 7^ghi	152 ± 8^lm
	El Terrero⁽²³⁾	161 ± 5^fg	153 ± 2^lm
Valle de Santiago	Valle de Santiago⁽⁶⁾	22 ± 8^op	81 ± 7^op
	Mesa de San Agustín⁽⁷⁾	31 ± 11^nop	69 ± 4^p
	Monte Valerio⁽⁸⁾	13 ± 2^p	82 ± 6^op
	Monte Valerio⁽¹¹⁾	101 ±10^ijklm	212 ± 10^higj
	El Gavilán⁽¹²⁾	161 ± 8^fg	412 ± 1^bc

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[1] * Corresponding author: fidel.avila@ugto.mx