Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS): Normative data for the Brazilian middle-age and elderly populations

Foss, Maria Paula; Carvalho, Viviane Amaral de; Machado, Thais Helena; Reis, Geraldo Cássio dos; Tumas, Vitor; Caramelli, Paulo; Nitrini, Ricardo; Porto, Cláudia Sellitto

doi:10.1590/S1980-57642013DN74000004

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To expand norms for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) for the Brazilian middle-age and elderly populations.

Methods:

The DRS was administered to 502 individuals without cognitive deficits, 312 women and 190 men, aged 50 years or over and with educational level ranging from 0 to 13 years or more. The sample was composed of subjects who participated in other studies, from Caeté (Minas Gerais state), Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo state) and São Paulo (São Paulo state). Participants were divided into four schooling groups (illiterate, 1 to 4 years, 5 to 12 years and 13 years or more). The subjects were divided into four groups according to age (50 to 60, 61 to 70, 71 to 80, and 80 years or over).

Results:

Normative data for DRS scores are expressed as percentile values. The group with lowest schooling and subjects older than 80 years had the worst scores.

Conclusion:

As expected, age and education were strongly correlated with DRS scores. Illiterates and older old individuals performed worse than the other groups. These data might help to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia in Brazilian middle-age and elderly populations.

Key words:
DRS; illiterates; elderly; schooling; neuropsychological assessment.

RESUMO

Objetivo:

Expandir normas para o Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) na população brasileira de meia idade e idosa.

Métodos:

A MDRS foi aplicada em 502 indivíduos, 312 mulheres e 190 homens, com idade de 50 anos ou mais e escolaridade de 0 a 13 anos ou mais anos. A amostra foi composta de sujeitos que participaram de outros estudos: Caeté (Minas Gerais), Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo) e São Paulo (São Paulo). Participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos de escolaridade (analfabetos, 1 a 4 anos, 5 a 12 anos e 13 anos ou mais). Os sujeitos foram divididos em quatro grupos de idade (50 a 60, 61 a 70, 71 a 80 e acima de 80 anos).

Resultados:

Dados normativos dos escores da MDRS são apresentados em percentis. O grupo com menos escolaridade e sujeitos acima de 80 anos apresentaram escores mais baixos.

Conclusão:

Como esperado, idade e escolaridade foram fortemente correlacionados aos escores da MDRS. Analfabetos e indivíduos muito idosos apresentaram pior desempenho que os outros grupos. Os dados podem ajudar a melhorar a acurácia para o diagnóstico de prejuízo cognitivo e demência na população brasileira de meia-idade e idosos.

Palavras-chave:
DRS; analfabetos; idosos; escolaridade; avaliação neuropsicológica.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

REFERENCES

¹
Mattis S. Dementia Rating Scale. Professional Manual. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1988.
²
Lukatela K, Cohen R, Kessler H, et al. Dementia Rating Scale performance: a comparison of vascular and Alzheimer's dementia. J Clin Exper Neuropsychol 2000;22:445-454.
³
Paolo AM, Trostr AI, Glatt SL, Hubble JP, Koller WCJ. Differentiation of the dementias of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease with the dementia rating scale. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1995;8:184-188.
⁴
Paulsen JS, Butters N, Sadek JR, et al. Distinct cognitive profiles of cortical and subcortical dementia in advanced illness. Neurology 1995; 45:951-956.
⁵
Rascovsky K, Salmon DP, Ho GJ, et al. Cognitive profiles differ in autopsy-confirmed Lewy body variant vs pure Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1998;55:994-1000.
⁶
Salmon DP, Thomas RG, Pay MM, et al. Alzheimer's disease can be accurately diagnosed in very mildly impaired individuals. Neurology 2002; 59:1022-1028.
⁷
Porto CS, Fichman HC, Caramelli P, Bahia VS, Nitrini R. Brazilian version of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. Diagnosis of mild dementia in Alzheimer's Disease. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2003;61:339-345.
⁸
Foss MP, Valle F de A, Speciali JG. Influence of education on the neuropsychological assessment of the elderly: application and analysis of the results from the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS). Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2005;63:119-126.
⁹
Caramelli P, Barbosa MT, Sakurai E, et al. The Pietà Study. Epidemiological investigation on successful brain aging in Caeté (MG), Brazil. Methods and baseline cohort characteristics. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2011; 69:579-584.
¹⁰
Porto CS. A escala de avaliação de demência (DRS) no diagnóstico de comprometimento cognitivo leve e doença de Alzheimer. Tese, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Departamento de Neurologia, 2006.
¹¹
Schmidt R, Freidl W, Fazekas F, et al. The Mattis Dementia Rating Scale: normative data from 1,001 healthy volunteers. Neurology 1994;44: 964-966.
¹²
Lucas JA, Ivnik RJ, Smith GE, et al. Normative data for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1998;20:536-547.
¹³
Pedraza O, Lucas JA, Smith GE, Petersen R, Graff-Radford NR, Ivnik RJ. Robust and Expanded Norms for the Dementia Rating Scale. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2010;25:347-358.
¹⁴
Rosselli M, Tappen R, Williams C, Salvatierra J. The relation of education and gender on the attention items of the Mini-Mental State Examination in Spanish speaking Hispanic elders. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2006;21:677-686.
¹⁵
Rosselli D, Ardila A, Pradella G, et al. El Examen Mental abreviado (Mini-Mental State Examination) como prueba de selección para El diagnóstico de demência: Estudio poblacional colombiano. Rev Neurol 2000;30:428-432.
¹⁶
Monsch AU, Bondi MW, Salmon DP, et al. Clinical validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in detecting dementia of the Alzheimer type. A double cross-validation and application to a community-dwelling sample. Arch Neurol 1995;52:899-904.
¹⁷
Bank AL, Yochim BP, McNeill SE, Lichtenberg PA. Expanded normative data for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale for use with urban, elderly medical patients. Clin Neuropsychol 2000;14:149-156.
¹⁸
Rilling LM, Lucas JA, Ivnik RJ, et al. Mayo's Older African American Normative Studies: norms for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. Clin Neuropsychol 2005;19:229-242.
¹⁹
Ardilla A, Bertollucci PH, Braga LW, et al. Illiteracy: the neuropsychology of cognition without reading. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2010;25:689- 712.
²⁰
Ostrsky-Solis F, Ardilla A, Rosselli M, Lopez-Arango G, Uriel-Mendoza V. Neuropsychological test performance in illiterate subjects. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1998;13:645-660.
²¹
Bennett A, Nadler J, Spigler M, Rafalson L, Abraham S, Rilkin N. The Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in nursing home octogenarians and nonagenarians: effects of age and education. J Geratr Psychiatry Neurol 1997;10:114-118.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Dec 2013

History

Received
15 Aug 2013
Accepted
02 Nov 2013

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

[1] ¹
Mattis S. Dementia Rating Scale. Professional Manual. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1988.

[2] ²
Lukatela K, Cohen R, Kessler H, et al. Dementia Rating Scale performance: a comparison of vascular and Alzheimer's dementia. J Clin Exper Neuropsychol 2000;22:445-454.

[3] ³
Paolo AM, Trostr AI, Glatt SL, Hubble JP, Koller WCJ. Differentiation of the dementias of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease with the dementia rating scale. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1995;8:184-188.

[4] ⁴
Paulsen JS, Butters N, Sadek JR, et al. Distinct cognitive profiles of cortical and subcortical dementia in advanced illness. Neurology 1995; 45:951-956.

[5] ⁵
Rascovsky K, Salmon DP, Ho GJ, et al. Cognitive profiles differ in autopsy-confirmed Lewy body variant vs pure Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1998;55:994-1000.

[6] ⁶
Salmon DP, Thomas RG, Pay MM, et al. Alzheimer's disease can be accurately diagnosed in very mildly impaired individuals. Neurology 2002; 59:1022-1028.

[7] ⁷
Porto CS, Fichman HC, Caramelli P, Bahia VS, Nitrini R. Brazilian version of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. Diagnosis of mild dementia in Alzheimer's Disease. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2003;61:339-345.

[8] ⁸
Foss MP, Valle F de A, Speciali JG. Influence of education on the neuropsychological assessment of the elderly: application and analysis of the results from the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS). Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2005;63:119-126.

[9] ⁹
Caramelli P, Barbosa MT, Sakurai E, et al. The Pietà Study. Epidemiological investigation on successful brain aging in Caeté (MG), Brazil. Methods and baseline cohort characteristics. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2011; 69:579-584.

[10] ¹⁰
Porto CS. A escala de avaliação de demência (DRS) no diagnóstico de comprometimento cognitivo leve e doença de Alzheimer. Tese, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Departamento de Neurologia, 2006.

[11] ¹¹
Schmidt R, Freidl W, Fazekas F, et al. The Mattis Dementia Rating Scale: normative data from 1,001 healthy volunteers. Neurology 1994;44: 964-966.

[12] ¹²
Lucas JA, Ivnik RJ, Smith GE, et al. Normative data for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1998;20:536-547.

[13] ¹³
Pedraza O, Lucas JA, Smith GE, Petersen R, Graff-Radford NR, Ivnik RJ. Robust and Expanded Norms for the Dementia Rating Scale. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2010;25:347-358.

[14] ¹⁴
Rosselli M, Tappen R, Williams C, Salvatierra J. The relation of education and gender on the attention items of the Mini-Mental State Examination in Spanish speaking Hispanic elders. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2006;21:677-686.

[15] ¹⁵
Rosselli D, Ardila A, Pradella G, et al. El Examen Mental abreviado (Mini-Mental State Examination) como prueba de selección para El diagnóstico de demência: Estudio poblacional colombiano. Rev Neurol 2000;30:428-432.

[16] ¹⁶
Monsch AU, Bondi MW, Salmon DP, et al. Clinical validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in detecting dementia of the Alzheimer type. A double cross-validation and application to a community-dwelling sample. Arch Neurol 1995;52:899-904.

[17] ¹⁷
Bank AL, Yochim BP, McNeill SE, Lichtenberg PA. Expanded normative data for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale for use with urban, elderly medical patients. Clin Neuropsychol 2000;14:149-156.

[18] ¹⁸
Rilling LM, Lucas JA, Ivnik RJ, et al. Mayo's Older African American Normative Studies: norms for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. Clin Neuropsychol 2005;19:229-242.

[19] ¹⁹
Ardilla A, Bertollucci PH, Braga LW, et al. Illiteracy: the neuropsychology of cognition without reading. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2010;25:689- 712.

[20] ²⁰
Ostrsky-Solis F, Ardilla A, Rosselli M, Lopez-Arango G, Uriel-Mendoza V. Neuropsychological test performance in illiterate subjects. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1998;13:645-660.

[21] ²¹
Bennett A, Nadler J, Spigler M, Rafalson L, Abraham S, Rilkin N. The Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in nursing home octogenarians and nonagenarians: effects of age and education. J Geratr Psychiatry Neurol 1997;10:114-118.

Brasil