Diagnóstico e intervenção clínica comportamental infantil: uma breve revisão

Miyazaki, Maria Cristina O. S.; Silvares, Edwiges F.M.

doi:10.1590/S0103-166X1997000100002

Resumo

Alguns transtornos da infância e da adolescência são discutidos, sob um enfoque comportamental, e com a utilização de critérios para diagnóstico do DSM-IV. São fornecidos dados da literatura acerca da manifestação, prevalência, etiologia e prognóstico dos seguintes transtornos: Autismo, Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade, Transtornos do Humor (Depressão Maior e Distimia), da Ansiedade (Fobia Específica e Transtorno de Ansiedade de Separação) e de Expulsão (Enurese e Encoprese). Estratégias de intervenção dentro do enfoque comportamental são também discutidas.

terapia comportamental; transtornos da infância e da adolescência; infância e adolescência

Abstract

Some childhood and adolescence disorders are discussed under a behavioral approach, and using DSM-IV diagnosis criteria. data from literature on diagnostic features, prevalence, etiology, and prognosis for the following disorders Provides: autistic disorder, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, mood disorders (dysthymic disorder and major depressive disorder), anxiety disorders (specific phobia and separation anxiety disorder), and elimination disorders (enuresis and encopresis). Intervention strategies under a behavioral approach are also discussed.

behavior therapy; childhood and adolescence disorders; children and adolescents

ARTIGO

Diagnóstico e intervenção clínica comportamental infantil: uma breve revisão

Assessment and behavioral clinic intervention with children: a brief review

Maria Cristina O. S. MiyazakiI,¹; Edwiges F.M. SilvaresII,²

^IFaculdade de Medicina S.J.Rio Preto, AMERP

^IIUniversidade de São Paulo

Endereço para correspondência

RESUMO

Alguns transtornos da infância e da adolescência são discutidos, sob um enfoque comportamental, e com a utilização de critérios para diagnóstico do DSM-IV. São fornecidos dados da literatura acerca da manifestação, prevalência, etiologia e prognóstico dos seguintes transtornos: Autismo, Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade, Transtornos do Humor (Depressão Maior e Distimia), da Ansiedade (Fobia Específica e Transtorno de Ansiedade de Separação) e de Expulsão (Enurese e Encoprese). Estratégias de intervenção dentro do enfoque comportamental são também discutidas.

Palavras-chave: terapia comportamental; transtornos da infância e da adolescência; infância e adolescência.

ABSTRACT

Some childhood and adolescence disorders are discussed under a behavioral approach, and using DSM-IV diagnosis criteria. data from literature on diagnostic features, prevalence, etiology, and prognosis for the following disorders Provides: autistic disorder, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, mood disorders (dysthymic disorder and major depressive disorder), anxiety disorders (specific phobia and separation anxiety disorder), and elimination disorders (enuresis and encopresis). Intervention strategies under a behavioral approach are also discussed.

Keywords: behavior therapy; childhood and adolescence disorders; children and adolescents.

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Full text available only in PDF format.

Referências Bibliográficas

Achenbach, T.M.(1991). Manualfor the Child B havior Checklist/4-18 and TRF profile. Burlington, VT:U Vt Dept.Psychiat.

Amaral, V. A.R. & Yoshida, G.O. (1993). A psicologia como profissão da área da saúde, a prática, a supervisão e a pesquisa: relato de uma experiência. Estudos de Psicologia, 10(3): 85-96.

American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- DSM-IV. Washington, D.C.:APA.

Azrin, N.H., Sneed, T.J. & Fax, R.M. (1973). Dry bed: a rapid method of eliminating bedwetting (enuresis) ofthe retarded. Behaviour Research & Therapy,11:427-434.

Azrin, N.H. & Fox, R.M.(1974). Toilet training in less than a day. New York: Pocket Books.

Barkley, R.A. (1977). A review of stimulant drug research with hyperactive children. Archives of General Psychiatry,36:20l-208.

Barkley, R.A.(l989). Attention deficithyperactivity disorder. In: E.J. MASH, E. J. & R.A. Barkley (eds.) Treatment of Childhood Disorders. New York: Guilford. Pp. 39-72.

Barkley, R. (1994). ADHD in the classroom. Strategies for teachers [vídeo]. New York:Guilford.

Barrios, B.A. & O'Donell, S.L.(1989). Fears and anxieties. In: E.J. Mash, & R.A.Barkley (ed.) Treatment of childhood disorders. New York:Guilford. pp.167-221.

Beck, A.T.(1967). Depression: causes and treatment. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.

Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F. & Emery, G. (1979).Terapia cognitiva da depressão. Trad. Vera Ribeiro. Rio de Janeiro:Zahar.

Bell-Dolan, D. (1995). Separation Anxiety Disorder. In: R.T. Ammerman & M. Hersen (ed.) Handbook ofChild Behavior Therapy in the Psychiatric Setting. NewYork:Wiley. pp.2l7-238.

Bowen, R.C., Offord, D.R. & Boyle, M.H. (1990). The prevalence of overanxious disorder and separation anxiety disorder. Results from the Ontario child health study. Journal ofthe American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,29:753-758.

Dattilio, F. (1995). Formação em Terapia Cognitiva. Workshop, São Paulo.

Doleys, D.M.(1989). Functional enuresis and encopresis. In: C.G. Last & M. Hersen (ed.) Hand- book of child psychiatric diagnosis. New York:Wiley. pp.427-442.

Doleys, D.M. (1993). Enuresis y encopresis. In: T.H. Ollendick,T.H. & M. Hersen (ed.) Psicopatologia infantil. Barcelona: Martinez Roca. pp.338-365.

Domingos, N.A.M. (1993). Preparo para cirurgia: teste de programas psicológicos na redução de ansiedade de crianças e mães. Campinas, Dissertação (mestrado). PUCCAMP. 166p.

Emery, R.E., Fincham, F.D. & Cummings, E.M. (1992). Parenting in context: systemic thinking about parental conflict and its influence on children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(6):909-912.

Evans, l.M. (1995). More clinical science, please: hold the technology. Apresentado ao World Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies, Copenhagen, Dinamarca.

Fauber, R.L. & Long, N. (1991). Children incontext: the role of the family in child psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59 (6): 813-820.

Ferster, C.B. (1971). A functional analysis of depression. American Psychologist, 23 (10): 857- 870.

Garcia, J. & Rodriguez, J. (1991). Depressión en la adolescencia: presentación de un caso. In: F.X. Mendez & D.M. Antón (coord.) Modificacion de conducta con niños y adolescentes: libro de casos. Madrid: Pirámide. pp. 108-128.

Guilhardi, H.J. (1987). A formação do terapeuta comportamental: que formação? In: H.W. Lettner & B.P. Rangé. Manual de psicoterapia comportamental. São Paulo: Manole. pp.313-320.

Handen, B.L. (1995). Behavior therapy and pharmacological adjuncts. In: R.T. Ammerman & M. Hersen (ed.) Handbook of Child Behavior Therapy in the Psychiatric Setting. New York:Wiley. pp.109-132.

Hinshaw, S.P. & Erhardt, D. (1991). Attentiondeficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In: P.C. Kendall (ed.) Child & Adolescent Therapy: cognitive behavioral procedures. New York:Guilford. pp.98-128.

Hoza, B., Vallano, G. & Pelham Jr, W.E. (1995). Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. In: R.T. Ammerman & M. Hersen. Handbook of Child Behavior Therapy in the Psychiatric Setting. New York:Wiley. pp.181-198

Johnson, V.M. & Werner, R.A. (1984). Um guia de aprendizagem progressiva para crianças retardadas. Trad. Ana Fátima R. Alves. São Paulo:Manole.

Kashani, J.H., Husain, A., Shekim, W.O., Hodges, K.H., Cytryn, L. & Mcknew, D.H. (1981). Current perspective son childhood depression: an overview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138: 143-153.

Kazdin, A.E. (1989). Childhood depression.In: E.J. Mash & R.A Barkley (ed.) Treatment of Child-hood Disorders. New York:Guilford. pp.135-166.

Kazdin, A.E. (1991 ). Effectiveness of psychotherapy with children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59 (6): 785- 798.

Kazdin, A.E. (1994). Adversidad familiar, desvantajas socioeconomicas y estres en los padres: variables contextuales relacionadas con la terminación prematura de Ia terapia conductual infantil. Psicologia Conductual, 2 (1): 5-21.

Keefe, F.J., Kopel, S.A. & Gordon, S.B.(1980). Manual prático de avaliação comportamental. Trad. Paulo C. Geraldes. São Paulo:Manole.

Kendall, P.c. (1995). Cognitive Therapy with Children. Workshop, World Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapy, Copenhagen, Dinamarca.

Kendall, P.C. & Braswell, L. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for impulsive children. 2nd ed. New York:Guilford.

Kendall, P.C. & Morris, R.J. (1991). Child Therapy: issues and recomendations. Journal of Consult- ing and Clinical Psychology,59(6):777-784.

Kendall, P.C., Chansky, T.E., Freidman, M., Kim, R., Kortlander, E., Sessa, F. & Siqueland, L. (1991). Treating anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. In: P.C. Kendall (ed.) Child and adolescent therapy: cognitive-behavioral procedures. New York:Guilford. pp.131-l64.

Kennedy, W.A. (1965). School phobia: rapid treatment of fifty cases. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,70:285-289.

Kovacs, M. (1989). Affective disorders in children and adolescents. American Psychologist, 44(2):209-215.

Kovacs, M. (1992). Children's Depression Inventory: Manual. New York:MHS.

Last, C.G. (1993). Trastornos por ansiedad. In: T.H. Ollendick & M. Hersen (ed.) Psicopatologia In- fantil. Barcelona:Martinez-Roca. pp.257-266

Lazarus, A.A. (1968). Learning theory and the treatment of depression. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 6: 83-89.

Lefkowitz, M.M. & Tesiny, E.P. (1985). Depression in children: prevalence and correlates. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,53:647-656

Lipp, M.E.N. (1981). Sexo para deficientes mentais: sexo e excepcional dependente e não- dependente. Campinas.Cortez/Autores Associados.

Lovaas, O.I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal education and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35 (1):3-9.

Mash, EJ. (1989). Treatment of child and family disturbance: a behavioral systems perspective. In: E.J. Mash & R.A. Barkley (ed.) Treatment of Childhood Disorders. New York:Guilford. pp.3-36

Matson, J. (1989). Treating depression in children and adolescents. New York: Pergamon.

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Referências bibliográficas

Achenbach, T.M.(1991). Manualfor the Child B havior Checklist/4-18 and TRF profile. Burlington, VT:U Vt Dept.Psychiat.
Amaral, V. A.R. & Yoshida, G.O. (1993). A psicologia como profissão da área da saúde, a prática, a supervisão e a pesquisa: relato de uma experiência. Estudos de Psicologia, 10(3): 85-96.
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- DSM-IV. Washington, D.C.:APA.
Azrin, N.H., Sneed, T.J. & Fax, R.M. (1973). Dry bed: a rapid method of eliminating bedwetting (enuresis) ofthe retarded. Behaviour Research & Therapy,11:427-434.
Azrin, N.H. & Fox, R.M.(1974). Toilet training in less than a day. New York: Pocket Books.
Barkley, R.A. (1977). A review of stimulant drug research with hyperactive children. Archives of General Psychiatry,36:20l-208.
Barkley, R.A.(l989). Attention deficithyperactivity disorder. In: E.J. MASH, E. J. & R.A. Barkley (eds.) Treatment of Childhood Disorders. New York: Guilford. Pp. 39-72.
Barkley, R. (1994). ADHD in the classroom. Strategies for teachers [vídeo]. New York:Guilford.
Barrios, B.A. & O'Donell, S.L.(1989). Fears and anxieties. In: E.J. Mash, & R.A.Barkley (ed.) Treatment of childhood disorders. New York:Guilford. pp.167-221.
Beck, A.T.(1967). Depression: causes and treatment. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.
Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F. & Emery, G. (1979).Terapia cognitiva da depressão. Trad. Vera Ribeiro. Rio de Janeiro:Zahar.
Bell-Dolan, D. (1995). Separation Anxiety Disorder. In: R.T. Ammerman & M. Hersen (ed.) Handbook ofChild Behavior Therapy in the Psychiatric Setting. NewYork:Wiley. pp.2l7-238.
Bowen, R.C., Offord, D.R. & Boyle, M.H. (1990). The prevalence of overanxious disorder and separation anxiety disorder. Results from the Ontario child health study. Journal ofthe American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,29:753-758.
Dattilio, F. (1995). Formação em Terapia Cognitiva. Workshop, São Paulo.
Doleys, D.M.(1989). Functional enuresis and encopresis. In: C.G. Last & M. Hersen (ed.) Hand- book of child psychiatric diagnosis. New York:Wiley. pp.427-442.
Doleys, D.M. (1993). Enuresis y encopresis. In: T.H. Ollendick,T.H. & M. Hersen (ed.) Psicopatologia infantil. Barcelona: Martinez Roca. pp.338-365.
Domingos, N.A.M. (1993). Preparo para cirurgia: teste de programas psicológicos na redução de ansiedade de crianças e mães. Campinas, Dissertação (mestrado). PUCCAMP. 166p.
Emery, R.E., Fincham, F.D. & Cummings, E.M. (1992). Parenting in context: systemic thinking about parental conflict and its influence on children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(6):909-912.
Evans, l.M. (1995). More clinical science, please: hold the technology. Apresentado ao World Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies, Copenhagen, Dinamarca.
Fauber, R.L. & Long, N. (1991). Children incontext: the role of the family in child psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59 (6): 813-820.
Ferster, C.B. (1971). A functional analysis of depression. American Psychologist, 23 (10): 857- 870.
Garcia, J. & Rodriguez, J. (1991). Depressión en la adolescencia: presentación de un caso. In: F.X. Mendez & D.M. Antón (coord.) Modificacion de conducta con niños y adolescentes: libro de casos. Madrid: Pirámide. pp. 108-128.
Guilhardi, H.J. (1987). A formação do terapeuta comportamental: que formação? In: H.W. Lettner & B.P. Rangé. Manual de psicoterapia comportamental. São Paulo: Manole. pp.313-320.
Handen, B.L. (1995). Behavior therapy and pharmacological adjuncts. In: R.T. Ammerman & M. Hersen (ed.) Handbook of Child Behavior Therapy in the Psychiatric Setting. New York:Wiley. pp.109-132.
Hinshaw, S.P. & Erhardt, D. (1991). Attentiondeficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In: P.C. Kendall (ed.) Child & Adolescent Therapy: cognitive behavioral procedures. New York:Guilford. pp.98-128.
Hoza, B., Vallano, G. & Pelham Jr, W.E. (1995). Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. In: R.T. Ammerman & M. Hersen. Handbook of Child Behavior Therapy in the Psychiatric Setting. New York:Wiley. pp.181-198
Johnson, V.M. & Werner, R.A. (1984). Um guia de aprendizagem progressiva para crianças retardadas. Trad. Ana Fátima R. Alves. São Paulo:Manole.
Kashani, J.H., Husain, A., Shekim, W.O., Hodges, K.H., Cytryn, L. & Mcknew, D.H. (1981). Current perspective son childhood depression: an overview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138: 143-153.
Kazdin, A.E. (1989). Childhood depression.In: E.J. Mash & R.A Barkley (ed.) Treatment of Child-hood Disorders. New York:Guilford. pp.135-166.
Kazdin, A.E. (1991 ). Effectiveness of psychotherapy with children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59 (6): 785- 798.
Kazdin, A.E. (1994). Adversidad familiar, desvantajas socioeconomicas y estres en los padres: variables contextuales relacionadas con la terminación prematura de Ia terapia conductual infantil. Psicologia Conductual, 2 (1): 5-21.
Keefe, F.J., Kopel, S.A. & Gordon, S.B.(1980). Manual prático de avaliação comportamental. Trad. Paulo C. Geraldes. São Paulo:Manole.
Kendall, P.c. (1995). Cognitive Therapy with Children. Workshop, World Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapy, Copenhagen, Dinamarca.
Kendall, P.C. & Braswell, L. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for impulsive children. 2nd ed. New York:Guilford.
Kendall, P.C. & Morris, R.J. (1991). Child Therapy: issues and recomendations. Journal of Consult- ing and Clinical Psychology,59(6):777-784.
Kendall, P.C., Chansky, T.E., Freidman, M., Kim, R., Kortlander, E., Sessa, F. & Siqueland, L. (1991). Treating anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. In: P.C. Kendall (ed.) Child and adolescent therapy: cognitive-behavioral procedures. New York:Guilford. pp.131-l64.
Kennedy, W.A. (1965). School phobia: rapid treatment of fifty cases. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,70:285-289.
Kovacs, M. (1989). Affective disorders in children and adolescents. American Psychologist, 44(2):209-215.
Kovacs, M. (1992). Children's Depression Inventory: Manual. New York:MHS.
Last, C.G. (1993). Trastornos por ansiedad. In: T.H. Ollendick & M. Hersen (ed.) Psicopatologia In- fantil. Barcelona:Martinez-Roca. pp.257-266
Lazarus, A.A. (1968). Learning theory and the treatment of depression. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 6: 83-89.
Lefkowitz, M.M. & Tesiny, E.P. (1985). Depression in children: prevalence and correlates. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,53:647-656
Lipp, M.E.N. (1981). Sexo para deficientes mentais: sexo e excepcional dependente e não- dependente. Campinas.Cortez/Autores Associados.
Lovaas, O.I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal education and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35 (1):3-9.
Mash, EJ. (1989). Treatment of child and family disturbance: a behavioral systems perspective. In: E.J. Mash & R.A. Barkley (ed.) Treatment of Childhood Disorders. New York:Guilford. pp.3-36
Matson, J. (1989). Treating depression in children and adolescents. New York: Pergamon.
Mendez, F.X. & Macia, D. (1991). Tratamiento conductual de un caso de fobia escolar. In: F.X. Mendez & D.M. Antón (coord.) Modificación de conducta con niños y adolescentes: libro de casos. Madrid:Pirámide. pp.74-107.
Michelson, L. (1989). Flooding. In: A. S. Bellack & M. Hersen (ed.) Dictionary ofBehavior Therapy Techniques. New York:Pergamon. pp.126-131.
Miller, I.W. (1994). Major depression. In: C.G. Last & M. Hersen (ed.) Adult Behavior Therapy Casebook. New York:Plenum. pp.33-60.
Miyazaki, M.C.O.S. (1993). Enfoque psicossocial da doença crônica: depressão em pacientes pediátricos portadores de asma e suas mães. Campinas, Dissertação (mestrado). 186p.
Miyazaki, M.C.O.S. & Amaral, V.L.A.R. (1995). Instituições de saúde. In: B. Rangé (org.) Terapia Comportamental e Cognitivo-Comportamental. Pesquisa, Prática, aplicações e problemas Campinas, Psy II.
Mowrer, O.H. & Mowrer, W.M. (1938). Enuresis-a method for its study and and treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 8:436-459.
Newson, C. & Rincover, A. (1989). Autism. In: E.J. Mash & R.S. Terdal (ed.) Treatment of Child hood Disorders. New York:Guilford. pp.286-346.
Ollendick, T.H. (1983). Reliability and validity of the Revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children (FSSC-R). Behaviour Research and Therapy,2I:685- 692.
Ollendick, T.H. & Huntzinger, R.M.(1990). Separation anxiety disoder in childhood. In: Hersen,M. & Last,C.G.(ed) Handbook of Child and Adult Psychopathology: a longitudinal perspective. New York, Pergamon. pp.133-149.
O'neill, R.E., Homer, R.H., Albin, R.W., Storey, K. & Sprague, J.R. (1990). Functional analysis of problem behavior: a practical assessment guide. Sycamore,Il: Sycamore.
Peterson, L., Burbach, DJ. & Chaney, J. (1989).Developmental issues. In: C.G. Last. & M. Hersen Handbook of Child Psychiatric Diagnosis. New York:Wiley. pp.463-482.
Rimland, B. (1991). Research on the diagnosis, cause, and treatment of children and adults with autism. Anais do IV Congresso Mundial da Criança Autista. São Paulo.
Ross, A.O. (1979). Distúrbios psicológicos na infância e adolescência. São Paulo: McGraw-Hill.
Russo, D.C. & Bud, K.S. (1987). Limitations of operant practice in the study of disease. Behavior modification, 11: 264-285.
Rutter, M. (1986). The developmental psychopathology of depression: issues and perspectives. In: M. Rutter, C.E. Izard & P.B. Read (ed.) Depression in young people: developmental and clinical perspectives. New York:Guilford. pp.3-30.
Schwartzman, J.S. (1993). Autismo infantil. Temas sobre Desenvolvimento, 2 (10): 3-28.
Serrano, I. (1991). Tratamento conductual de un niño hiperactivo. In: F.X. Méndez & D.M. Antón (coord.) Modificación de conducta con ninos y adolescentes: libro de casos. Madrid:Pirámide. pp.349-376.
Silvares, E.F.M. (1989). Aconselhamento de pais: uma breve análise retrospectiva de duas tendências comportamentais (Ecologia e Generalização). Boletim de Psicologia, 38 (90-91): 37- 43.
Silvares, E.F.M. (1991). A evolução do diagnóstico comportamental. Psicologia: Teoria & Pesquisa, 7 (2): 179-187.
Silvares, E.F.M. (1993).O papel preventivo das clínicas-escola de psicologia em seu atendimento a crianças. Temas em Psicologia, 2:87-97.
Silvares, E.F.M. (1995). O modelo triádico no contexto da terapia comportamental com famílias. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, II (3):235-241.
Silvares, E.F.M. & Miyazaki, M.C.O.S. (1994). Behavioral assessment of patients undergoing endoscopic examination. Apresentada à 15th International Conference of the Stress and Anxiety Research Society. Madri:Espanha.
Silvares, E.F.M. & Souza, C.L. ( 1995). Medo da escola: o médico pode ajudar? Revista de Pediatria Moderna, XXXI (5): 829-833.
Silvares, E.F.M. & Souza, C.L. (1996). Enurese noturna: um tratamento alternativo. Revista de Pediatria Moderna, XXXII (6):662-667.
Stark, K.D., Rouse, L.W. & Livingston, R. (1991). Treatment of depression during childhood and adolescence: cognitive-behavioral procedures for the individual and family. In: P.C. Kendall (ed) Child and adolescent therapy: cognitive-behavioral procedures. New York:Guilford. pp.165-206.
Tamowski, K.J. & Brown, R.T. (1995). Pediatric pain. In: R.T. Ammerman, R.T. & M. Hersen (ed.) Handbook of Child Behavior Therapy in the Psychiatric Setting. New York:Wiley. pp.453-476.
Trad, P. (1989). A nosological approach to assessing childhood psychiatric disorders. In: C.G. Last & M. Hersen (ed.) Handbook of Child Psychiatric Diagnosis. New York:Wiley. pp.12-27.
Utrecht, U. (1993). Pharmacotherapy and behaviour therapy; Competition or cooperation? Acta Paedopsychiatrica: International Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56 (2): 123-127.
Walker, C.E., Kenning, M. & Faust-Campanile, I. (1989). Enuresis and encopresis. In: E.J. Mash & R.A. Barkley (ed.) Treatment of childhood disorders. New York:Guilford. pp.423-448.
Whalen, C.K. (1993). Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperatividad. In: T.H. Ollendick & M. Hersen (eds.) Psicopatología Infantil. Madrid:Martinez-Roca. pp.159-202.
Wilkes, T.C.R., Belsher, G., Rush, A.J. & Frank, E. (1994). Cognitive Therapy for Depressed Adolescents. New York:Guilford.
Wolpe, J. (1989). Systematic desensitization. In: A.S. Bellack & M. Hersen (ed.) Dictionary of Behavior Therapy Techniques. New York:Pergamon. pp.215-219.
Zimmerman, M. (1994). Interview Guide for Evaluating DSM-IV Psychiatric Disorders and the Mental Status Examination. Philadelphia:Psych Press Products.

Endereço para correspondência:

Coronel Spinola de Castro, 3420 apto 81

Centro

CEP 15015-500

São José do Rio Preto, SP.

¹

Chefe do serviço de Psicologia da Faculdade de Medicina de S. 1. do Rio Preto.

²

Professora Doutora do Departamento de Psicologia Clínica da USP.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
20 Ago 2014
Data do Fascículo
Abr 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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