Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract We analyzed the composition and abundance of the vascular epiphytic flora in non-flooded and flooded (várzea) forest in the Parque Estadual do Utinga Camillo Vianna (PEUT) in the Eastern Amazon. We sampled epiphytes from 10 canopy trees with DBH = 25-35 cm in each type of vegetation. We recorded 743 individuals from 10 families, 26 genera, and 41 species, with greater specific richness and abundance in non-flooded forest (443 individuals from 33 species and 22 genera) than in flooded forest (300 individuals from 26 species and 18 genera). Eighteen species were common to both types of vegetation. Araceae stood out with the highest species richness and Bromeliaceae with the greatest abundance. We recorded Pleopeltis and five Angiosperm species, including the aroid Heteropsis spruceana (endemic to the Brazilian Amazon), for the first time in PEUT. We also recorded Heteropsis flexuosa, a threatened with extinction species in Brazil.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Schizolobium parahyba, a fast-growing tree species from South America, was introduced to Indonesia as a potential timber source. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat-treatment at 150-200 ºC (4h) on the physical and mechanical properties of S. parahyba wood. The results show that weight loss (WL) increased from 2.62 ± 0.29% at 150 ºC to 9.22 ± 0.86% at 190 ºC, while anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) increased from 3.44 ± 0.78% at 150 ºC to 29.84 ± 5.40 % at 180 ºC. Compressive strength parallel to grain (CP) increased from 37.99 ± 6.49 MPa (control) to 46.50 ± 5.52 MPa at 170 ºC but declined at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, static bending strength and compressive strength perpendicular to grain (CT) decreased at ≥180 ºC. Overall, moderate heat-treatment at 170 and 180 ºC enhanced dimensional stability and improved CP, whereas higher temperatures (≥180 ºC) caused substantial weight and strength losses.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Given the strategic importance of commercial forest plantations of native species, this study aimed to select a tapering model to estimate the multiple products of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum planting in integrated livestock-forestry systems in the Amazon and to identify the management regime with the highest production. The research was conducted in the state of Pará, comparing production as a function of variations in spacing and planting age. The Hradetzky, Schöepfer, and Max & Burkhart tapering models were evaluated, considering goodness-of-fit statistics and scatter plots. The Schöepfer model provided the most accurate estimate of tree cross-sectional volume. The management regime with 3.5 × 3.5 m spacing and 60 months promoted the highest assortment production (164 m3) and the lowest amount of residue (60 m3), indicating the largest spacing with the highest plant utilization.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Ants are among the most abundant soil invertebrates and provide important ecosystem services. We evaluated the relationship between ant assemblages and soil attributes in a Brazilian savanna area within the Amazon biome (Roraima State). Ground ants were sampled using baits and pitfall traps across five pedoenvironments: Latossolo Amarelo, Latossolo Vermelho, Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, Argissolo Amarelo, and Gleissolo Háplico. In total, 48 species, 22 genera, and seven subfamilies were recorded, with Pheidole (Myrmicinae) exhibiting the highest richness. The ant assemblage in Gleissolo Háplico showed high dissimilarity compared to the other pedoenvironments, characterized by lower richness and abundance of key groups like Dolichoderinae, Dorymyrmex, Nylanderia, and Tapinoma. This pattern was mainly attributed to the high levels of soil moisture, organic matter, and extractable acidity, resulting from Gleissolo’s location at the lowest point of the toposequence. These findings can help identify bioindicators for environmental quality and support conservation measures in this savanna threatened by agricultural expansion.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The object of this research was to determine the sensitivity and bioindicator potential of the plant species Peltophorum dubium to glyphosate drift contamination by monitoring the effects of this herbicide in forests adjoining agricultural areas where it was applied. Sub dose glyphosate concentrations of 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, and 32% of the recommended commercial dose of 1440 g ha-1 in simulated drift exposure tests revealed P. dubium intoxication to be very low (<4%) at doses lower than 115.2 g ha-1 and reached 40% when exposed to 460.8 g ha-1. In plants exposed to a dose of 460.8 g ha-1 there was a reduction in photosynthetic rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance of 22.7%, 18.1%, and 33%, respectively, contrasted to the control dose. The morphophysiological responses of P. dubium indicate low sensitivity to glyphosate drift at lower exposure doses as well as the species’ survival capacity in areas contaminated by this herbicide.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Declining forest productivity and increasing food demand are major concerns in Java. Intercropping, which combines clonal teak with turmeric as shade-tolerant, is one approach to addressing these problems. This study specifically examined intercropping of medium-aged clonal teak with turmeric at various densities. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of stand density on the productivity and profitability of 10-year-old clonal teak and turmeric. The research was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in Ngawi. Two treatments were applied, namely stand density (1111, 833, 416, 312, and 250 trees/ha) and intercropping patterns. The results showed that a lower stand density significantly enhanced the standing stock. Intercropping resulted in a larger productivity than monocultures. Furthermore, the highest turmeric productivity at 18-month-old (±3.96 tons/ha) was observed at the second lowest density, while the highest curcumin (7.17%) was at a density of 416 trees/ha. Intercropping yielded a maximum NPV of USD 14,726.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Soils, together with forest biomass, are essential carbon reservoirs that play a key role in mitigating climate change. This study estimated soil organic carbon stock in a Regosol under a relict Pseudotsuga menziesii forest in Ejido Chinatú, Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua, Mexico. Samples were collected at five depths (0-5, 5-15, 15-30, 30-60, and 60-80 cm), and organic carbon was determined using the modified Walkley and Black method. Carbon concentration decreased with depth, from 60.2 g kg⁻¹ at 0-5 cm to 24.9 g kg⁻¹ at 15-30 cm, while bulk density increased to 0.51 Mg m⁻³ at 60-80 cm. The total organic carbon stock (0-80 cm) was 100.48 Mg ha⁻¹, with the 30-60 cm layer contributing 34.21 Mg ha⁻¹. These findings highlight the importance of considering the entire soil profile when developing conservation and sustainable management strategies for temperate forests.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study explores ionothermal liquefaction (ITL) of mangrove cellulose into levulinic acid (LA) using deep eutectic solvents (DES) under ambient pressure. Choline chloride-lactic acid (ChCl:Lac) and its FeCl₃-modified variant (DES-FeCl3) were tested for cellulose breakdown and LA production. The highest yields (158.8 and 153.0 g/kg of delignified wood) were achieved with 1:7 DES at 180°C and 1:10 DES at 200°C. GC-MS and NMR confirmed LA as a major bio-oil component. Molecular dynamics simulations showed DES promotes cellulose depolymerization through hydrogen bonding, facilitating dehydration to LA. This approach offers an effective, low-impact alternative to acid hydrolysis, requiring no high-pressure systems or hazardous reagents. It demonstrates the potential for sustainable biofuel production in decentralized settings, reducing energy needs, minimizing environmental risks, and enhancing scalability, making it a promising pathway for eco-friendly biofuel technologies.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The proper use of agro-industrial waste is a sustainability strategy and can be applied in the forestry chain to replace polypropylene tubes. This study evaluated the performance of three different biodegradable containers (110 cm3), made from malt bagasse, poultry litter, and coconut coir fiber, respectively, in the production of Libidibia ferrea seedlings, and compared them with the control container (polypropylene) under nursery conditions. Morphological parameters and the Dickson Quality Index (DQI) were evaluated. Seedlings grown in malt bagasse showed superior growth in all morphological parameters (p < 0.01) and the highest DQI (0.23), significantly surpassing the other treatments. Malt bagasse provided total biomass gains (TBM) up to 6 times higher than polypropylene. Poultry litter and coconut coir fiber containers showed comparable performance to polypropylene. It is concluded that malt bagasse is a highly efficient technical and sustainable alternative container for producing L. ferrea seedlings.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Degradation of the Ombrophilous Dense Forest in the Lowlands, driven by cattle ranching and invasive species, limits natural regeneration. Species of the genus Inga are widely used as facilitators in restoration in this ecosystem, but are frequently treated as a uniform group despite their functional differences. We compared the growth and shading capacity of I. edulis, I. marginata, and I. laurina to provide better criteria for species selection in restoration plantings. Using morphometric variables (diameter at breast height, total height) and derived metrics (basal area, volume, and slenderness index), combined with qualitative crown assessments, we found that I. edulis excels in fast growth and high biomass production, I. laurina demonstrates greater structural robustness and denser crowns, and I. marginata shows intermediate performance with adaptability to degraded soils. These interspecific differences highlight the importance of combining species with complementary traits to enhance restoration efficiency in the Atlantic Forest.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Reducing the consumption of single-use plastics is becoming reality in today’s society. More than 300 million tons of plastic waste are generated annually globally, with a significant portion coming from disposable food packaging. The development of sustainable paper-based packaging coated with biopolymers has gained prominence in the packaging sector due to its biodegradability, non-toxicity and biocompatibility properties. These materials offer additional advantages, such as resistance to moisture and oxidation, which increases the durability of packaged food products. Improving the knowledge and their applications are essential to ensure the sustainability of production processes and meet growing environmental and economic demands. However, ongoing research is needed to overcome challenges such as production scalability and the high cost of some biopolymers in order to ensure their viability on a large scale. Additionally, it has the potential to stimulate innovation in the packaging industry, offering solutions that align sustainability and competitiveness in the market.