The wetlands' biodiversity is virtually unknown, particularly to fungi. As a consequence of the devastation caused by the advances made by the cattle-raising industry, a significant part of the native vegetation has been eliminated and only fragments of savannah woods, vast grazing areas and furrows formed by the accumulation of logs cut have been left. At Rio Negro lowlands, five fungi collection excursions were carried out in 2006, in the driest period. Fifty six species of Basidiomycetes and one of macroscopic Ascomycetes were identified. All species are being mentioned for the first time for the State of Mato Grosso do Sul and Collybia bakeri Dennis, Entoloma cerussatum Pegler, Epithelopsis fulva (G. Cunn.) Jülich, Hypochniciellum subillaqueatum (Litsch.) Hjortstam, Hypochnicium vellereum (Ellis & Cragin) Parmasto, Lentinus concavus (Berk.) Corner, Mycenaparabolica (Fr.) Quél., Mycoaciella bispora (Stalpers) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden, Nigroporus macroporus Ryvarden & Iturr., Nothopanus hygrophanus (Mont.) Singer, Pholiotapolychroa (Berk.) A.H. Sm. & H.J. Brodie, Pleurotus agaves Dennis, Trametes subectypus (Murrill) Gilbn. & Ryvarden, and Tricholomopsis tropica Dennis for the first time to Brazil.
Ascomycetes; Basidiomycetes; biodiversity; Paraguay Basin
