Narrative Hibridisms: literary resources in the contemporary great report

Essenfelder, Renato

doi:10.1590/1809-5844201733

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Sumário

NARRATIVAS DE MÍDIA E LINGUAGENS DA IMPRENSA • Intercom, Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Comun. 40 (3) • Sep-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-5844201733 copy

Narrative Hibridisms: literary resources in the contemporary great report

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The article maps and identifies the presence of typical literary resources in a major journalistic report published by a digital native vehicle – in this case, the Brio website, specialized in longform journalism. The Pragmatic Analysis of the Journalistic Narrative method allowed us to identify the subjectivation strategies of the text, through which the reporter achieves poetic effects and induces his readers to different types and degrees of commotion. The paper analyzes a report about the environmental tragedy that occurred in Mariana (in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil) in 2016 and points out the poetic resources in use to conclude that language, structure of text and characters are the tripod on which constitutes the literary journalism practiced by Brio. This work is the result of a project carried out within the scope of the Content Production Research Group, of the Professional Master’s Program in Journalistic Production and Market of ESPM-SP.

Keywords
Literary journalism; Report; Longform journalism; Narrative; Narratology

Categories of subjectivation expressions	Reproduction of the excerpt of the report
Detailed description	...
Figures of speech	...
Verbs of subjective expression	...
Emphasis/intensity	...

Act	Story	Subtitles	Extension (characters with spaces)
Act 1	The collapse of the dam; incredulous first reactions.	The ground shakes. A crisis reunion at the bar.	13.629
Act 2	The fight for the survival and to warn people about the tragedy.	Caboclo’s talk. “It was not God’s work.”	16.916
Act 3	A historical digression: the arrival of Samarco in the region. Bureaucratic and suspicious issues regarding other environmental issues of the company.	The Before.	22.481
Act 4	The Day after the tragedy in the community. Cleaning. Calculating losses.	Burial of the bones. What the mud stole.	13.570
Act 5	The day after the tragedy for the workers at Samarco. Investigations. History of specific environmental licenses of the collapsed dam.	Tragedy in many acts. Laws of physics. I don’t want the mud.	36.857

Source	Assignment	Mentions
Antonio Eusébio do Carmo, also known as Toninho Papagaio.	Taxi driver.	35
Public Ministry of Minas Gerais.	Public Ministry of Minas Gerais (MP-MG).	24
Renato.	Truck driver of a contractor that works for Samarco.	22
Copam.	State Council for Environmental Policies in MG.	16
Feam.	State Foundation for the Environment of MG.	14
Vale/Vale do Rio Doce.	Mining company.	12
Carlos Eduardo Ferreira Pinto.	Public Prosecutor.	11
Fernando José Carneiro Magalhães.	Barra Longa’s Mayor.	9
Alberto Fonseca.	Associate professor and researcher of the environmental and mineral area of the Federal University of Ouro Preto.	8
Rômulo Gonçalves.	Resident of Barra Longa, in the intersection of Gualaxo and Carmo rivers, and bar owner.	7
Sônia Lana.	Milk producer.	7
virgílio Romualdo, also known as Gilim.	Owner of Barra Longa’s gas station.	7

Subjectivation strategies
Detailed description	11
Figure of speech	20
Verbs of feeling	12
Emphasis/Intensity	24
Objectivation strategies
Quotations between quotation marks or dashes	21
Functional description and didacticism	10
Statistics and numbers	17
Names	12
Institutions	5
Places	27
Dates, schedules, etc.	18
Total	177

Detailed description	Emphasis/Intensity	Figures of speech	Verbs of subjective expression
the man with white, shoulder-length hair	The ground shakes	without knowing if he would come back home alive	Was excited
youthful appearance reinforced by the sunglasses worn as a tiara	feels the ground shaking	muddy soup	thought Toninho
	the valley of destroyed hills	the schedule is heavy	Samarco was safe, colleagues guarantee
a man who talked too much and a natural storyteller, as he	desperate	everyone is mute	lives alone
meeting spot for authorities during the week and for young people and families on weekends.	For the love of God!	chunks of mountain	Find it strange
with his cellphone in hand	even when she has time to act.	would go down swallowing everything	Renato fears
Without saying a word	How come? How did the dam collapse?	looks around and doesn’t see anything	The panic is installed
wandering around the square	indicative of the severity of the problem	the water already tore apart	only the distressed warnings of colleagues
A type of improvised crisis center is formed in the external area of bar do Nô, an outdoors space by the river filled with tables and chairs reserved for people interested in having small talk and having fun	Runs away without destination	the mud wouldn’t settle for less.	will sweep Barra Longa away
He still collected a number of contacts of clients from the time he sold meat door to door in that region	The mud starts to devour the region, burying cars, houses, orchards, hen houses, gardens, photographs, memories and lives		insist on going down
they immediately came to mind	It is almost unimaginable, but try to visualize this		and tranquilizes himself
	leaking violently and uncontrollably into the nature	It was over.	didn’t even fright the children
	The biggest environmental disaster in the history of Brazil was happening at that moment	local heroes	terrified
	was living a tragedy	the mud licks the entrance of the village
	The mud was running without mercy.	half a word already said too much
	a lot of mud to just simply park at that district	a tsunami of mud was expelled by the dam
	in a desperate tone.	memories and lives
	an unrecognizable Bento Rodrigues	The habitual birds of the region were slowly replaced by helicopters from the police and the media
	completely buried by a sea of mud	simply park
	a gigantic volume of waste	a sea of mud invades
	lost his house to the mud	Toninho Papagaio
	ripped	didn’t even fright the children
	dragged
	If the water already tore this place apart, the mud wouldn’t settle for less.

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[1] Renato Essenfelder

Renato Essenfelder holds a PhD in Communication Sciences from the University of São Paulo (ECA-USP), a master’s degree in Portuguese by the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP) and a bachelor’s degree in Journalism. Professor of Journalism at the Superior School of Advertising and Marketing of São Paulo (ESPM-SP) since 2011, he has also been a faculty member of the Professional Master’s in Journalism from the same institution since 2016, where he coordinates the Research Group in Content Production. He develops researches in the areas of journalistic narratives, reporting and editing of texts, cyberjournalism, social networks and fake news, and ethics. He is a columnist for Portal Estadão and a guest editor of the journal Cadernos de Cidadania of the Commerce Social Service of São Paulo (Sesc-SP), since 2010. Email: renato.essenfelder@espm.br.