Operational Constellations |
(Koudelka 2015Koudelka O (2015) BRITE Constellation - a case study. Proceedings of the ITU Symposium and Workshop on Small Satellite Regulation and Communication Systems; Prague, Czech Republic.) |
6 |
6 |
8 kg |
Astrophotometry of stars |
02/2013 |
Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC International Imaging International) (Kramer 2016bKramer HJ (2016b) UK-DMC-2 - United Kingdom Disaster Monitoring Constellition-2; [accessed 2017 May 11]. https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/content/-/article/uk-dmc-2
https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eopor...
) |
8 |
8 |
50-268 kg |
Emergency Earth imaging for disaster relief 2.5 m and 5 m GSD |
11/2002 |
exactView Constellation (exactEarth, Canada) Macikunas and Randhawa 2012Macikunas A, Randhawa B (2012) Space-based Automated Identification System (AIS) Detection Performance and Application to World-wide Maritime Safety. Proceedings of the International Clinical Studies Support Center (ICSSC 134); Ottawa, Canada. ; Miler and Bujak 2013Miler RK, Bujak A (2013) exactEarthSatellite - AIS as one of the most advanced shipping monitoring systems. In: Mikulski J, editor. Activities of Transport Telematics. TST 2013. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Vol. 395. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.) |
10 |
10 |
100 kg |
Automatic Identification System (AIS) |
07/2012 |
Flock-1 (Planet Labs, US) (Safyan 2015Safyan (2015) Overview of the Planet Labs Constellation of Earth Imaging Satellites. Proceedings of the ITU Symposium and Workshop on Small Satellite Regulation and Communication Systems; Prague, Czech Republic.; Kramer 2016aKramer HJ (2016a) Planet - Flock 1 Imaging Constellation; [accessed 2017 May 11]. https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/f/flock-1
https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eopor...
) |
99 |
Up to 500 |
3U Cubesats |
Earth observation with 3-5 m GSD |
01/2014 |
Globalstar (Globalstar, US) (Richharia and Westbrook 2010Richharia M, Westbrook LD (2010) Satellite systems for personal applications: concepts and technology. Hoboken: Wiley.) |
72 |
72 |
450 kg |
Satellite phone and low-speed data communication |
02/1998 |
Gonets D1 and M (Government, Russia) (Zak 2016aZak A (2016a) Gonets; [accessed 2017 May 11]. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/gonets.html
http://www.russianspaceweb.com/gonets.ht...
) |
12/10 |
12/18 |
225-280 kg |
Store and dump communication |
02/1996, 12/2005 |
Kosmos (Military, Russia) (Zak 2016bZak A (2016b) Spooky world of military satellites; [accessed 2017 May 11]. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_military.html
http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraf...
) |
30
|
- |
220-240 kg |
Various, military |
- |
Orbcomm OG1 and OG2 (Orbcomm, US) (Spaceflight101 2016Spaceflight101 (2016) Orbcomm second generation - satellite overview; [accessed 2017 May 11]. http://www.spaceflight101.com/orbcomm-g2-satellite-overview.html
http://www.spaceflight101.com/orbcomm-g2...
) |
35/6 |
35/18+30 |
40/172 kg |
Machine-to-machine communication |
04/1995, 06/2008 |
Rapideye (BlackBridge AG/Planet Labs, Germany/US) (Sandau et al. 2010Sandau R, Briess K, Errico MD (2010) Small satellites for global coverage: potential and limits. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 65(6):492-504. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.09.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010...
) |
5 |
5 |
150 kg |
Multispectral imagery with 6.5 m GSD |
08/2008 |
Sense and Stratos (Spire, UK/US)(Barna 2015Barna J (2015) Exponential improvements in SmallSat technology. Proceedings of the ITU Symposium and Workshop on Small Satellite Regulation and Communication Systems; Prague, Czech Republic.) |
17 |
20/125 |
3U Cubesats |
Maritime intelligence and weather data |
08/2013, 2015/2018 |
Terra Bella Constellation (Google, US) (Murthy et al. 2014Murthy K, Shearn M, Smiley BD, Chau AH, Levine J, Robinson MD (2014) Skysat-1: very high-resolution imagery from a small satellite. Proceedings of the Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE 92411E). ) |
7 |
24 |
120 kg |
High-resolution Earth observation with ≤1 m GSD |
11/2013, 2016 |
Constellations under development/announced |
BlackSky Constellation (BlackSky Global, US) (Blacksky Global 2016Blacksky Global (2016) Transforming how we look on the planet; [accessed 2017 May 10]. http://www.blacksky.com/
http://www.blacksky.com/...
) |
1 |
2/4/60 |
50 kg |
Global satellite imagery with 1 m GSD |
2016/2019 |
CICERO (GeoOptics, US) (Wagenen 2016Wagenen JV (2016) GeoOptics talks benefits of commercial weather contract with NOAA; [accessed 2017 May 20]. http://www.satellitetoday.com/nextspace/2016/10/07/geooptics-talks-benefits-commercial-weather-contract-noaa/
http://www.satellitetoday.com/nextspace/...
) (Jasper et al. 2013Jasper L, Nuding D, Barlow E, Hogan E, OKeefe S, Withnell P, Yunck T (2013) CICERO - A Distributed Small Satellite Radio Occultation Pathfinder Mission. Proceedings of the AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites. SSC-IV-5; Logan, USA.) |
0 |
6/12/24 |
100 kg |
Climate and atmosphere observation |
2017 |
UrtheDaily and OptiSAR (UrtheCast and OmiEarth, Canada and US) (Wood 2016Wood TAG (2016) UrtheCast presents its future constellations at Euroconsult's Summit on EO Business; [accessed 2017 May 20]. https://blog.urthecast.com/updates/urthecast-presents-future-constellations-euroconsults-summit-eo-business-2016/
https://blog.urthecast.com/updates/urthe...
) |
0 |
8 / 16 |
Smallsats |
Optical and synthetic aperture radar with 1.1 and 5.5 m GSD |
2017-2020 |
LeoSat Constellation (LeoSat, US) (LeoSat™ 2017LeoSat™ (2017) LeoSat - Satellite Communication Redefined; [accessed 2017 May 11]. http://www.leosat.com/
http://www.leosat.com/...
) |
0 |
78 |
Smallsats |
High-speed data transfers using intersatellite links |
N/A |
N/A (OneWeb, US) (Foust 2015Foust J (2015) Smallsat developers enjoy growth in launch options; [accessed 2017 May 11]. http://spacenews.com/smallsat-developers-enjoy-growth-in-launch-options/
http://spacenews.com/smallsat-developers...
) |
0 |
648-900 |
125-200 kg |
Broadband Internet connection |
2018-2019 |
PlanetiQ Constellation (PlanetiQ, US) (David 2016David L (2016) Chris McCormick on PlanetiQs launch plans. NOAAs commercial weather pilot; [accessed 2016 May 5]. http://spacenews.com/chris-mccormick-on-planetiqs-launch-plans-noaas-commercial-weather-pilot/
http://spacenews.com/chris-mccormick-on-...
) |
0 |
12/18 |
6U Cubesats |
GPS radio occultation for weather data |
2017 |
N/A (Samsung, Multinational) (Khan 2015Khan F (2015) Mobile internet from the heavens, arXiv preprint 1508.02383; [accessed 2017 May 11]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.02383
https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.02383...
) |
0 |
4,600 |
Micro-Satellites |
Broadband Internet connection |
N/A |
N/A (SpaceX, US) (Selding 2015bSelding PB (2015b) Signs of a satellite internet gold rush in burst of ITU filings; [accessed 2017 May 11]. http://spacenews.com/signs-of-satellite-internet-gold-rush/
http://spacenews.com/signs-of-satellite-...
) |
0 |
4,000 |
Smallsats |
Broadband Internet connection |
N/A |
QB50 The von Karman Institute (Scholz 2015Scholz T (2015) QB50 Project Status and Ground Segment. Proceedings of the ITU Symposium and Workshop on Small Satellite Regulation and Communication Systems; Prague, Czech Republic.) |
0 |
50 |
Cubesats |
In-situ measurements in the lower thermosphere |
2017 |
Satellogic Constellation (SatellogicArgentina/US) (Henry 2016Henry C (2016a) LauncherOne to start test missions in 2017; [accessed 2017 May 11]. http://www.satellitetoday.com/launch/2016/04/27/launcherone-to-start-test-missions-in-2017/
http://www.satellitetoday.com/launch/201...
) |
2 |
6/16/300 |
35 kg |
Real-time imaging of the entire Earth with 1 m GSD |
04/2014, 2017 |