OBJECTIVE: To analyze the discrepancies between clinical and postmortem diagnoses in order to determine the frequency of relevant missed diagnoses detected at autopsy. METHOD: Six hundred and eighty patients autopsied at the Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Brazil, between January 1997 and December 2002 were retrospectively investigated. Agreement between clinical and postmortem findings was compared using Goldman's system. Medical records and final autopsy reports were reviewed. RESULTS: Major clinical diagnoses were confirmed in 69% of analyzed autopsies. Eighteen percent of cases were classified as Goldman class I missed diagnosis (if known before death, might have led to prolonged survival) and 13% as class II (clinically missed major diagnosis for which survival would not have been changed). Most frequent missed major diagnoses were cardiovascular diseases (cerebral hemorrhagic infarction, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), infectious diseases (purulent meningitis, miliar tuberculosis and neurotoxoplasmosis) and neoplasia (lymphoma). CONCLUSION: This study has found significant disagreement between clinical and postmortem examinations and reinforces the importance of autopsy in improving clinical diagnosis and in providing data that could be integrated in quality assurance programs.
Autopsy; Clinical diagnosis; Diagnostic errors
