You are what you eat: a systematic review exploring the interaction between Brazilian sand flies and their vertebrate food sources

Sand flies play a crucial role as vectors of bacteria, viruses, and protists, with Leishmania being the most notable among them, transmitted to vertebrate hosts during blood feeding. Understanding the feeding behaviours of sand flies is imperative for gaining insights into their eco-epidemiological roles in the transmission of these infectious agents. This systematic review aimed to answer the question ‘What are the blood-feeding sources identified in Brazilian sand flies?’ to provide an analysis of their blood-feeding habits. The diverse range of at least 16 vertebrate orders identified as blood sources for 54 sand fly species across different geographic regions was summarised, and the factors potentially associated with the risk of bias in the included studies were analysed. The findings broaden the discussion concerning methods used to identify blood meal sources and shed light on the implications of sand fly feeding behaviours for the transmission dynamics of Leishmania.

Key words:
sand fly; blood-feeding habits; systematic review; Brazil

Authorship

Felipe Dutra-Rêgo ⁺+ Corresponding author: felipedutra04@hotmail.com

Conceptualisation

Methodology

Formal analysis

Investigation

Data curation

Writing

Original draft

Preparation

Review

Editing

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz-FiocruzBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-8267

Michelli Santos da Silva

Methodology

Formal analysis

Data curation

Writing

Original draft

Preparation

Review

Editing

Universidade Federal de Rondônia/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Porto Velho, RO, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Rondônia/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FiocruzBrazilPorto Velho, RO, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Rondônia/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Entomologia, Porto Velho, RO, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz-FiocruzBrazilPorto Velho, RO, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Entomologia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil

Ana Paula Isnard

Methodology

Formal analysis

Data curation

Writing

Original draft

Preparation

Review

Editing

Jansen Fernandes Medeiros

Formal analysis

Data curation

Writing

Original draft

Preparation

Review

Editing

Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia na Amazônia Ocidental, Porto Velho, RO, BrasilInstituto Nacional de Epidemiologia na Amazônia OcidentalBrasilPorto Velho, RO, BrasilInstituto Nacional de Epidemiologia na Amazônia Ocidental, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil

José Dilermando Andrade Filho

Formal analysis

Data curation

Writing

Original draft

Preparation

Review

Editing

Mariana Lourenço Freire

Conceptualisation

Methodology

Formal analysis

Investigation

Data curation

Writing

Original draft

Preparation

Review

Editing

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecto-Parasitárias, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz-FiocruzBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecto-Parasitárias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

+ Corresponding author: felipedutra04@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (5)

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Fig. 1:
flow diagram illustrating the study selection process according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

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Fig. 2:
radial tree showing the relationship between the sand fly species and the vertebrate orders serving as blood source in mixed feeding reports

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Fig. 3:
interaction matrix (Sankey diagram) between sand fly genera and vertebrates identified as the food source.

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Fig. 4:
potential risk of bias identified in the included studies

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TABLE I
Domains and signaling questions used to analyze the risk of bias in the included articles

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TABLE II
Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review

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TABLE III
Blood source identification of Brazilian sand fly species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

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TABLE IV
Blood source identification of Brazilian sand fly species by Precipitin test

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TABLE V
Blood source identification of Brazilian sand fly species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Fig. 1: flow diagram illustrating the study selection process according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Fig. 2: radial tree showing the relationship between the sand fly species and the vertebrate orders serving as blood source in mixed feeding reports

Fig. 3: interaction matrix (Sankey diagram) between sand fly genera and vertebrates identified as the food source.

Fig. 4: potential risk of bias identified in the included studies

TABLE I Domains and signaling questions used to analyze the risk of bias in the included articles

Domain	Sand fly identification and processing	Sample quality	Methods for food source identification
Signaling questions (Yes/No/Unclear)	Was any taxonomic key used? Was the processing of sand flies carried out adequately?	Was the characterisation of blood feeding in females conducted properly? Was the dissection and the preservation of females carried out adequately?	Was the methodology used to identify the food source appropriate? Were appropriate controls used? Were cut off points predefined?
Description	The classification key used to identify sand flies was informed and how the insects were dissected, and stored to preserve it until processing was described	The feeding level of the females was evaluated, the dissection and preservation methods were presented	The methodology used was adequately described, controls were used, and definitions of positive results were presented
Risk of bias (High/Low/Unclear)	Could the identification and processing of sand flies have introduced bias?	Could the verification of blood feeding or its interpretation have introduced bias?	Could the conduct or interpretation of the food source have introduced bias?

TABLE II Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review

Reference	Brazilian state	Collection	Total of collected sand flies	Total of females	Total of engorged females	Percentage of engorged females	Total of species engorged	Total of vertebrate species identified
¹¹³113. Afonso MMDS, Gomes AC, Meneses CRV, Rangel EF. Studies on the feeding habits of Lutzomyia (N.) intermedia (Diptera, Psychodidae), vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2005; 21(6): 1816-20.	RJ	manual and light trap	NA	370	189	51,1	1	4
³⁵35. Afonso MMDS, Duarte R, Miranda JC, Caranha L, Rangel EF. Studies on the feeding habits of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) populations from endemic areas of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil. J Trop Med. 2012; 2012: 1-6.	BA, CE, PI	light trap	NA	609	609	100,0	1	9
⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.	AC	light trap	4473	2297	96	4,2	20	13
⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.	AC	light trap and Shannon	2517	206	33	16,0	11	1
¹¹⁴114. Barata RA, França-Silva JC, Mayrink W, Silva JC, Prata A, Lorosa ES, et al. Aspects of the ecology and behaviour of phlebotomines in endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis in State of Minas Gerais. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2005; 38(5): 421-5.	MG	light trap	1408	525	38	7,2	1	7
³¹31. Baum M, Ribeiro M, Lorosa ES, Damasio GAC, de Castro EA. Eclectic feeding behavior of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in the transmission area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, State of Parana, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013; 46(5): 560-5.	PR	light trap	3357	864	862	99,8	1	8
²⁵25. Baum M, de Castro EA, Pinto MC, Goulart TM, Baura W, Klisiowicz DD, et al. Molecular detection of the blood meal source of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a transmission area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Parana State, Brazil. Acta Trop. 2015; 143: 8-12.	PR	light trap and Shannon	2851	1263	93	7,4	1	3
³⁶36. de Brito VN, de Almeida ABPF, Nakazato L, Duarte R, Souza CO, Sousa VRF. Phlebotomine fauna, natural infection rate and feeding habits of Lutzomyia cruzi in Jaciara, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014; 109(7): 899-904.	MT	light trap	2011	657	61	9,3	1	3
⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54.	MG	light trap	NA	362	192	53,0	8	4
¹¹⁵115. Christensen HA, Arias JR, de Vasquez AM, de Freitas RA. Hosts of sandfly vectors of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis in the central Amazon of Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1982; 31(2): 239-42.	AM	manual	NA	2569	2569	100,0	2	19
⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.	RO	light trap	1706	1227	160	13,0	9	7
²⁴24. Costa JCR, Marchi GH, Santos CS, Andrade MCM, Chaves Jr SP, Silva MAN, et al. First molecular evidence of frogs as a food source for sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Brazilian caves. Parasitol Res. 2021; 120(5): 1571-82.	MG	manual	198	107	79	73,8	2	2
¹¹⁶116. Dutra-Rêgo F, Lima MA, Almeida GLP, de Almeida PS, Bastos GKSV, Alexandre LVN, et al. Molecular detection of Leishmania and blood meal analysis in sand flies from Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Acta Trop. 2023; 245: 106961.	MS	light trap	1542	502	24	4,8	2	3
⁸⁸88. Fonteles RS, Vasconcelos GCE, Azevêdo PCB, Lopes GN, Moraes JLP, Lorosa ES, et al. Blood feeding preference of Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera, Psychodidae) in a transmission area for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2009; 42(6): 647-50.	MA	light trap	NA	70	70	100,0	1	6
¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.	MA	light trap	9853	5061	297	5,9	6	6
²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052.	MA	light trap	NA	982	573	58,4	7	8
⁵⁴54. Leão PO, Pereira Jr AM, de Paulo PFM, Carvalho LPC, Souza ABN, da Silva MS, et al. Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. and blood-meal sources in Jamari National Forest, Rondonia State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1): 422.	RO	light trap	15457	8788	86	1,0	4	4
⁷⁹79. Macedo-Silva VP, Martins DRA, De Queiroz PVS, Pinheiro MPG, Freire CCM, Queiroz JW, et al. Feeding preferences of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the sand fly vector, for Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). J Med Entomol. 2014; 51(1): 237-44.	RN	light trap	1768	230	81	35,2	1	2
¹¹⁸118. Marassá AM, Consales CA, Galati EAB, Nunes VLB. Identificação do sangue ingerido por Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) e Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) almerioi (Galati & Nunes, 1999) pela técnica imunoenzimática do ELISA de captura, no sistema avidina-biotina. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2006; 39(2): 183-6.	MS	light trap	NA	83	83	100,0	2	1
¹¹⁹119. Marassá AM, Galati EAB, Bergamaschi DP, Consales CA. Blood feeding patterns of Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera, Psychodidae) in a cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area of the Ribeira Valley, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013; 46(5): 547-54.	SP	Shannon	NA	NA	737	-	2	6
⁸⁹89. Missawa NA, Lorosa ES, Dias ES. Feeding preference of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) in transmission area of visceral leishmaniasis in Mato Grosso. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2008; 41(4): 365-8.	MT	light trap	NA	2376	104	4,4	1	7
³⁷37. Nery LCR, Lorosa ES, Franco AMR. Feeding preference of the sand flies Lutzomyia umbratilis and L. spathotrichia (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in an urban forest patch in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004; 99(6): 571-4.	AM	manual and light trap	NA	199	199	100,0	4	5
³⁸38. Neitzke-Abreu HC, Andrade GMC, de Almeida PS, Ribeiro GC, Ribeiro TA, Barrios D, et al. Natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) by Leishmania infantum in a municipality with a high incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Midwest. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2023; 56: e0259-2023.	MS	light trap	120	120	1	0,8	1	1
¹²⁰120. de Oliveira AG, Marassá AM, Consales CA, Dorval MEC, Fernandes CE, de Oliveira GR, et al. Observations on the feeding habits of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Campo Grande, an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Acta Trop. 2008; 107(3): 238-41.	MS	light trap	3219	3219	355	11,0	10	4
⁸²82. Oliveira-Pereira YN, Moraes JLP, Lorosa ES, Rebêlo JMM. Feeding preference of sand flies in the Amazon, Maranhão State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2008; 24(9): 2183-6.	MA	light trap	NA	NA	274	-	3	7
¹²¹121. Pereira NCL, Michalsky ÉM, Alonso C, Pinheiro LC, Lara-Silva FO, Lima NA, et al. Survey of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in a public Zoo in Brazil: Species diversity, seasonality, and host variety. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2023; 44: 100917.	MG	light trap	6034	NA	108	-	3	4
⁵³53. Pereira Jr AM, Souza ABN, Castro TS, da Silva MS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, et al. Diversity, natural infection and blood meal sources of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2019; 114(6): 1-9.	RO	light trap	9535	4089	15	0,4	6	3
⁴⁸48. Pimentel AC, Uzcátegui YDS, de Lima ACS, Silveira FT, dos Santos TV, Ishikawa EAY. Blood Feeding Sources of Nyssomyia antunesi (Diptera: Psychodidae): A Suspected Vector of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Brazilian Amazon. J Med Entomol. 2022; 59(5): 1847-52.	PA	light trap	NA	81	59	72,8	1	6
²⁶26. Quaresma PF, Carvalho GML, Ramos MCNF, Andrade Filho JD. Natural Leishmania sp. reservoirs and phlebotomine sandfly food source identification in Ibitipoca State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012; 107(4): 480-5.	MG	light trap	161	126	38	30,2	1	4
⁴⁹49. Rodrigues BL, Costa GD, Shimabukuro PHF. Identification of bloodmeals from sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the Parque Nacional do Virua, State of Roraima, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2021; 58(6): 2488-94.	RR	light trap	1209	704	34	4,8	4	4
³⁹39. Sant'Anna MR V, Jones NG, Hindley JA, Mendes-Sousa AF, Dillon RJ, Cavalcante RR, et al. Blood meal identification and parasite detection in laboratory-fed and field-captured Lutzomyia longipalpis by PCR using FTA databasing paper. Acta Trop. 2008; 107(3): 230-7.	PI	light trap	2089	392	58	14,8	1	2
⁵²52. da Silva MS, Pereira Jr AM, Costa NVC, Costa GS, Rodrigues MMS, Medeiros JF, et al. Use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are effective and useful for sand fly ecoepidemiology studies in an Amazonian environment. Acta Trop. 2022; 233: 106550.	RO	light trap	1943	887	50	5,6	3	4
¹²²122. Soares VYR, da Silva JC, da Silva KR, Cruz MSP, Santos MPD, Ribolla PEM, et al. Identification of blood meal sources of Lutzomyia longipalpis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cytochrome B gene. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014; 109(3): 379-83.	RJ	light trap	80	80	76	95,0	1	3
¹²³123. Tanure A, Peixoto JC, Afonso MMS, Duarte R, Pinheiro AC, Coelho SVB, et al. Identification of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) blood meals in an endemic leishmaniasis area in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2015; 57: 321-4.	MG	light trap	2614	524	97	18,5	2	4
⁷⁸78. Torchitte APA, Pereira Jr AM, Paulo PFM, Costa GS, Castro TS, Ferreira RGM, et al. Identification of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and blood meal sources in periurban areas of Ji-Paraná municipality, Western Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Biol. 2021; 81(1): 225-7.	RO	light trap	1331	709	7	1,0	2	3
¹²⁴124. dos Santos TV, Prévot G, Ginouvès M, Duarte R, Silveira FT, Póvoa MM, et al. Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in an Amazonian/Guianan bordering area. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11(1): 1-13.	AP	light trap, manual, and Shannon	9119	5073	138	2,7	5	6

NA: data not available.

TABLE III Blood source identification of Brazilian sand fly species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Sand fly	Number/Range of specimens collected	Vertebrate host	Vertebrate host order	Number/Range of sand flies feeding on the host	Molecular target	Identification of blood meal	Reference
Bi. flaviscutellata	86	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	5	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	86	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	1	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	86	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	5	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	86-222	Homo sapiens	Primates	1-2	cytb	PCR-RFLP and Sanger sequencing	⁵²52. da Silva MS, Pereira Jr AM, Costa NVC, Costa GS, Rodrigues MMS, Medeiros JF, et al. Use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are effective and useful for sand fly ecoepidemiology studies in an Amazonian environment. Acta Trop. 2022; 233: 106550. ^, ⁵³53. Pereira Jr AM, Souza ABN, Castro TS, da Silva MS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, et al. Diversity, natural infection and blood meal sources of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2019; 114(6): 1-9. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	222	Proechimys gardneri	Rodentia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵²52. da Silva MS, Pereira Jr AM, Costa NVC, Costa GS, Rodrigues MMS, Medeiros JF, et al. Use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are effective and useful for sand fly ecoepidemiology studies in an Amazonian environment. Acta Trop. 2022; 233: 106550.
	86	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	9	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
Br. olmeca nociva	9	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Ev. Cortelezzii complex	4	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54.
Ev. evandroi	3-18	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	2-5	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	542	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	1	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	542	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	6	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	3	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052.
	542	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	5	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	3-542	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	2-5	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
Ev. lenti	1152	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	2	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	1152	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	6	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	4	Rodent (generic)	Rodentia	1	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052.
Ev. saulensis	187	Homo sapiens	Galliformes	8	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.
	70	Canis lupus familiaris	Primates	2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
	70	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Evandromyia sp.	1	Dasypus novemcinctus	Cingulata	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁹49. Rodrigues BL, Costa GD, Shimabukuro PHF. Identification of bloodmeals from sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the Parque Nacional do Virua, State of Roraima, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2021; 58(6): 2488-94.
Evandromyia sp.	30	Tamandua tetradactyla	Pilosa	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Ev. termitophila	5	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	4	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052.
Ev. walkeri	31	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.
Ev. walkeri	88	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
Lu. cruzi	1454	Homo sapiens	Primates	22	cytb	Sanger sequencing	¹¹⁶116. Dutra-Rêgo F, Lima MA, Almeida GLP, de Almeida PS, Bastos GKSV, Alexandre LVN, et al. Molecular detection of Leishmania and blood meal analysis in sand flies from Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Acta Trop. 2023; 245: 106961.
Lu. cruzi	1454	Dasyprocta azarae	Rodentia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	¹¹⁶116. Dutra-Rêgo F, Lima MA, Almeida GLP, de Almeida PS, Bastos GKSV, Alexandre LVN, et al. Molecular detection of Leishmania and blood meal analysis in sand flies from Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Acta Trop. 2023; 245: 106961.
Lu. forattinii	57	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	¹¹⁶116. Dutra-Rêgo F, Lima MA, Almeida GLP, de Almeida PS, Bastos GKSV, Alexandre LVN, et al. Molecular detection of Leishmania and blood meal analysis in sand flies from Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Acta Trop. 2023; 245: 106961.
Lu. longipalpis	80-938	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ¹²²122. Soares VYR, da Silva JC, da Silva KR, Cruz MSP, Santos MPD, Ribolla PEM, et al. Identification of blood meal sources of Lutzomyia longipalpis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cytochrome B gene. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014; 109(3): 379-83.
	91-3943	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	1-151	cytb	PCR-RFLP, Sanger sequencing and specific primers	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ³⁹39. Sant'Anna MR V, Jones NG, Hindley JA, Mendes-Sousa AF, Dillon RJ, Cavalcante RR, et al. Blood meal identification and parasite detection in laboratory-fed and field-captured Lutzomyia longipalpis by PCR using FTA databasing paper. Acta Trop. 2008; 107(3): 230-7. ^, ⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51. ^, ¹²¹121. Pereira NCL, Michalsky ÉM, Alonso C, Pinheiro LC, Lara-Silva FO, Lima NA, et al. Survey of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in a public Zoo in Brazil: Species diversity, seasonality, and host variety. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2023; 44: 100917.
	80-2522	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	2-11	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51. ^, ¹²²122. Soares VYR, da Silva JC, da Silva KR, Cruz MSP, Santos MPD, Ribolla PEM, et al. Identification of blood meal sources of Lutzomyia longipalpis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cytochrome B gene. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014; 109(3): 379-83.
	1324	Euphractus sexcinctus	Cingulata	69	cytb	Specific primers	⁷⁹79. Macedo-Silva VP, Martins DRA, De Queiroz PVS, Pinheiro MPG, Freire CCM, Queiroz JW, et al. Feeding preferences of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the sand fly vector, for Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). J Med Entomol. 2014; 51(1): 237-44.
	91-2522	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	6-184	cytb	PCR-RFLP, Sanger sequencing and specific primers	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ³⁹39. Sant'Anna MR V, Jones NG, Hindley JA, Mendes-Sousa AF, Dillon RJ, Cavalcante RR, et al. Blood meal identification and parasite detection in laboratory-fed and field-captured Lutzomyia longipalpis by PCR using FTA databasing paper. Acta Trop. 2008; 107(3): 230-7. ^, ⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	80-3943	Homo sapiens	Primates	1-38	cytb	PCR-RFLP, Sanger sequencing and specific primers	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ³⁸38. Neitzke-Abreu HC, Andrade GMC, de Almeida PS, Ribeiro GC, Ribeiro TA, Barrios D, et al. Natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) by Leishmania infantum in a municipality with a high incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Midwest. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2023; 56: e0259-2023. ^, ⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54. ^, ⁷⁹79. Macedo-Silva VP, Martins DRA, De Queiroz PVS, Pinheiro MPG, Freire CCM, Queiroz JW, et al. Feeding preferences of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the sand fly vector, for Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). J Med Entomol. 2014; 51(1): 237-44. ^, ¹²¹121. Pereira NCL, Michalsky ÉM, Alonso C, Pinheiro LC, Lara-Silva FO, Lima NA, et al. Survey of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in a public Zoo in Brazil: Species diversity, seasonality, and host variety. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2023; 44: 100917. ^, ¹²²122. Soares VYR, da Silva JC, da Silva KR, Cruz MSP, Santos MPD, Ribolla PEM, et al. Identification of blood meal sources of Lutzomyia longipalpis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cytochrome B gene. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014; 109(3): 379-83.
	938	Opossum (generic)	Didelphimorphia	4	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052.
	3943	Planigale maculata	Dasyuromorphia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	¹²¹121. Pereira NCL, Michalsky ÉM, Alonso C, Pinheiro LC, Lara-Silva FO, Lima NA, et al. Survey of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in a public Zoo in Brazil: Species diversity, seasonality, and host variety. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2023; 44: 100917.
	938	Rodent (generic)	Rodentia	47	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052.
	938-2522	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	12-19	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	3943	Turdus poliocephalus	Passeriformes	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	¹²¹121. Pereira NCL, Michalsky ÉM, Alonso C, Pinheiro LC, Lara-Silva FO, Lima NA, et al. Survey of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in a public Zoo in Brazil: Species diversity, seasonality, and host variety. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2023; 44: 100917.
Lu. sherlocki	101	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Lu. sherlocki	10-101	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	1-2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17. ^, ⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
Mi. trinidadensis	6	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	3	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052.
Mi. trinidadensis	6	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052.
Mg. migonei	53	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	15	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54.
	3-53	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	1-28	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64. ^, ⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54.
	53	Homo sapiens	Primates	6	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54.
	53	Rattus rattus	Rodentia	2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54.
Ny. antunesi	81	Choloepus didactylus	Pilosa	4	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁸48. Pimentel AC, Uzcátegui YDS, de Lima ACS, Silveira FT, dos Santos TV, Ishikawa EAY. Blood Feeding Sources of Nyssomyia antunesi (Diptera: Psychodidae): A Suspected Vector of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Brazilian Amazon. J Med Entomol. 2022; 59(5): 1847-52.
	241	Choloepus hoffmanni	Pilosa	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵²52. da Silva MS, Pereira Jr AM, Costa NVC, Costa GS, Rodrigues MMS, Medeiros JF, et al. Use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are effective and useful for sand fly ecoepidemiology studies in an Amazonian environment. Acta Trop. 2022; 233: 106550.
	81	Cuniculus paca	Rodentia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁸48. Pimentel AC, Uzcátegui YDS, de Lima ACS, Silveira FT, dos Santos TV, Ishikawa EAY. Blood Feeding Sources of Nyssomyia antunesi (Diptera: Psychodidae): A Suspected Vector of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Brazilian Amazon. J Med Entomol. 2022; 59(5): 1847-52.
	81	Dasyprocta leporina	Rodentia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁸48. Pimentel AC, Uzcátegui YDS, de Lima ACS, Silveira FT, dos Santos TV, Ishikawa EAY. Blood Feeding Sources of Nyssomyia antunesi (Diptera: Psychodidae): A Suspected Vector of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Brazilian Amazon. J Med Entomol. 2022; 59(5): 1847-52.
	58	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	3	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.
	81-1397	Homo sapiens	Primates	1-2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁸48. Pimentel AC, Uzcátegui YDS, de Lima ACS, Silveira FT, dos Santos TV, Ishikawa EAY. Blood Feeding Sources of Nyssomyia antunesi (Diptera: Psychodidae): A Suspected Vector of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Brazilian Amazon. J Med Entomol. 2022; 59(5): 1847-52. ^, ⁵³53. Pereira Jr AM, Souza ABN, Castro TS, da Silva MS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, et al. Diversity, natural infection and blood meal sources of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2019; 114(6): 1-9.
	81	Pteroglossus aracari	Piciformes	2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁸48. Pimentel AC, Uzcátegui YDS, de Lima ACS, Silveira FT, dos Santos TV, Ishikawa EAY. Blood Feeding Sources of Nyssomyia antunesi (Diptera: Psychodidae): A Suspected Vector of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Brazilian Amazon. J Med Entomol. 2022; 59(5): 1847-52.
	81-2530	Tamandua tetradactyla	Pilosa	2-11	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁸48. Pimentel AC, Uzcátegui YDS, de Lima ACS, Silveira FT, dos Santos TV, Ishikawa EAY. Blood Feeding Sources of Nyssomyia antunesi (Diptera: Psychodidae): A Suspected Vector of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Brazilian Amazon. J Med Entomol. 2022; 59(5): 1847-52. ^, ⁵²52. da Silva MS, Pereira Jr AM, Costa NVC, Costa GS, Rodrigues MMS, Medeiros JF, et al. Use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are effective and useful for sand fly ecoepidemiology studies in an Amazonian environment. Acta Trop. 2022; 233: 106550. ^, ⁵³53. Pereira Jr AM, Souza ABN, Castro TS, da Silva MS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, et al. Diversity, natural infection and blood meal sources of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2019; 114(6): 1-9. ^, ⁵⁴54. Leão PO, Pereira Jr AM, de Paulo PFM, Carvalho LPC, Souza ABN, da Silva MS, et al. Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. and blood-meal sources in Jamari National Forest, Rondonia State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1): 422.
Ny. Antunesi complex	777	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
	777	Pecari tajacu	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
	777	Plecturocebus bernhardi	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
	777	Philander canus	Didelphimorphia	3	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
	777	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	112	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
	777	Tamandua tetradactyla	Pilosa	5	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
Ny. intermedia	1263	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	10	PNOC	Sanger sequencing	²⁵25. Baum M, de Castro EA, Pinto MC, Goulart TM, Baura W, Klisiowicz DD, et al. Molecular detection of the blood meal source of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a transmission area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Parana State, Brazil. Acta Trop. 2015; 143: 8-12.
	1263	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	1	PNOC	Sanger sequencing	²⁵25. Baum M, de Castro EA, Pinto MC, Goulart TM, Baura W, Klisiowicz DD, et al. Molecular detection of the blood meal source of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a transmission area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Parana State, Brazil. Acta Trop. 2015; 143: 8-12.
	1263	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	6	PNOC	Sanger sequencing	²⁵25. Baum M, de Castro EA, Pinto MC, Goulart TM, Baura W, Klisiowicz DD, et al. Molecular detection of the blood meal source of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a transmission area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Parana State, Brazil. Acta Trop. 2015; 143: 8-12.
Ny. richardwardi	1	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
Ny. richardwardi	7	Tamandua tetradactyla	Pilosa	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵²52. da Silva MS, Pereira Jr AM, Costa NVC, Costa GS, Rodrigues MMS, Medeiros JF, et al. Use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are effective and useful for sand fly ecoepidemiology studies in an Amazonian environment. Acta Trop. 2022; 233: 106550.
Ny. shawi	1200	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Nyssomyia sp.	265	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Ny. umbratilis	5	Plecturocebus bernhardi	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
Ny. umbratilis	5	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
Ny. whitmani	24-5304	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	8-27	cytb	PCR-RFLP, Sanger sequencing	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	5304	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	12	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	24-5304	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	4-55	cytb	PCR-RFLP, Sanger sequencing	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	24-5304	Homo sapiens	Primates	2-6	cytb	PCR-RFLP, Sanger sequencing	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	25	Philander canus	Didelphimorphia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
	24-5304	Rodent (generic)	Rodentia	1-7	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	25-5304	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	1-33	cytb	PCR-RFLP, Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150. ^, ¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
Pi. bianchigalatiae	5	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54.
Pi. bianchigalatiae	5	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54.
Pi. fiocruzi	24	Choloepus didactylus	Pilosa	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁴54. Leão PO, Pereira Jr AM, de Paulo PFM, Carvalho LPC, Souza ABN, da Silva MS, et al. Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. and blood-meal sources in Jamari National Forest, Rondonia State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1): 422.
Pi. fiocruzi	24	Micrastur gilvicollis	Falconiformes	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁴54. Leão PO, Pereira Jr AM, de Paulo PFM, Carvalho LPC, Souza ABN, da Silva MS, et al. Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. and blood-meal sources in Jamari National Forest, Rondonia State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1): 422.
Pi. fischeri	3	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54.
Pi. nevesi	75	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.
Pi. nevesi	16	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Pi. pessoai	4	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁶56. Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, et al. Bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from Casa Branca, Brazil, using the cytochrome b PCR Method. J Med Entomol. 2017; 54(4): 1049-54.
Pi. pessoai	495	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	¹²¹121. Pereira NCL, Michalsky ÉM, Alonso C, Pinheiro LC, Lara-Silva FO, Lima NA, et al. Survey of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in a public Zoo in Brazil: Species diversity, seasonality, and host variety. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2023; 44: 100917.
Pi. serrana	62	Cuniculus paca	Rodentia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
	62	Coendou prehensilis	Rodentia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
	10	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.
	62	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Pressatia sp.	86	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.
Pa. aragaoi	20	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Pa. dendrophyla	26	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵³53. Pereira Jr AM, Souza ABN, Castro TS, da Silva MS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, et al. Diversity, natural infection and blood meal sources of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2019; 114(6): 1-9.
Pa. dendrophyla	3	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
Psathyromyia sp.	20	Tamandua tetradactyla	Pilosa	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Ps. amazonensis	98	Tamandua tetradactyla	Pilosa	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Ps. ayrozai	509	Dasypus novemcinctus	Cingulata	25	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁹49. Rodrigues BL, Costa GD, Shimabukuro PHF. Identification of bloodmeals from sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the Parque Nacional do Virua, State of Roraima, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2021; 58(6): 2488-94.
	2198	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁴54. Leão PO, Pereira Jr AM, de Paulo PFM, Carvalho LPC, Souza ABN, da Silva MS, et al. Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. and blood-meal sources in Jamari National Forest, Rondonia State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1): 422.
	2198	Tamandua tetradactyla	Pilosa	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁴54. Leão PO, Pereira Jr AM, de Paulo PFM, Carvalho LPC, Souza ABN, da Silva MS, et al. Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. and blood-meal sources in Jamari National Forest, Rondonia State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1): 422.
Ps. carrerai	99	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.
Ps. carrerai carrerai	456	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵³53. Pereira Jr AM, Souza ABN, Castro TS, da Silva MS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, et al. Diversity, natural infection and blood meal sources of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2019; 114(6): 1-9.
	293	Dasypus novemcinctus	Cingulata	4	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
	293	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Ps. Chagasi series	152	Cuniculus paca	Rodentia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁹49. Rodrigues BL, Costa GD, Shimabukuro PHF. Identification of bloodmeals from sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the Parque Nacional do Virua, State of Roraima, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2021; 58(6): 2488-94.
	152	Dasyprocta leporina	Rodentia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁹49. Rodrigues BL, Costa GD, Shimabukuro PHF. Identification of bloodmeals from sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the Parque Nacional do Virua, State of Roraima, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2021; 58(6): 2488-94.
	152	Dasypus novemcinctus	Cingulata	3	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁹49. Rodrigues BL, Costa GD, Shimabukuro PHF. Identification of bloodmeals from sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the Parque Nacional do Virua, State of Roraima, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2021; 58(6): 2488-94.
	152	Mus musculus	Rodentia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁹49. Rodrigues BL, Costa GD, Shimabukuro PHF. Identification of bloodmeals from sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the Parque Nacional do Virua, State of Roraima, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2021; 58(6): 2488-94.
Ps. davisi	1741	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	5	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵³53. Pereira Jr AM, Souza ABN, Castro TS, da Silva MS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, et al. Diversity, natural infection and blood meal sources of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2019; 114(6): 1-9.
	542	Coendou prehensilis	Rodentia	2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
	542	Dasyprocta fuliginosa	Rodentia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
	542	Didelphis marsupialis	Didelphimorphia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
	90	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	2	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.
	491-2019	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵³53. Pereira Jr AM, Souza ABN, Castro TS, da Silva MS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, et al. Diversity, natural infection and blood meal sources of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2019; 114(6): 1-9. ^, ⁵⁴54. Leão PO, Pereira Jr AM, de Paulo PFM, Carvalho LPC, Souza ABN, da Silva MS, et al. Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. and blood-meal sources in Jamari National Forest, Rondonia State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1): 422. ^, ⁷⁸78. Torchitte APA, Pereira Jr AM, Paulo PFM, Costa GS, Castro TS, Ferreira RGM, et al. Identification of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and blood meal sources in periurban areas of Ji-Paraná municipality, Western Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Biol. 2021; 81(1): 225-7.
	542	Marmosops noctivagus	Didelphimorphia	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
	184-542	Pecari tajacu	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17. ^, ⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
	2019	Psophia viridis	Gruiformes	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁴54. Leão PO, Pereira Jr AM, de Paulo PFM, Carvalho LPC, Souza ABN, da Silva MS, et al. Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. and blood-meal sources in Jamari National Forest, Rondonia State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1): 422.
	184	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
	184-2019	Tamandua tetradactyla	Pilosa	3	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁴54. Leão PO, Pereira Jr AM, de Paulo PFM, Carvalho LPC, Souza ABN, da Silva MS, et al. Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. and blood-meal sources in Jamari National Forest, Rondonia State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1): 422. ^, ⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
Ps. hirsutus	391	Alouatta seniculus	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁷⁸78. Torchitte APA, Pereira Jr AM, Paulo PFM, Costa GS, Castro TS, Ferreira RGM, et al. Identification of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and blood meal sources in periurban areas of Ji-Paraná municipality, Western Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Biol. 2021; 81(1): 225-7.
	391	Dasypus sabanicola	Cingulata	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁷⁸78. Torchitte APA, Pereira Jr AM, Paulo PFM, Costa GS, Castro TS, Ferreira RGM, et al. Identification of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and blood meal sources in periurban areas of Ji-Paraná municipality, Western Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Biol. 2021; 81(1): 225-7.
	5	Dasypus novemcinctus	Cingulata	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁸¹81. Costa GD, Pereira Jr AM, Castro TS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, Medeiros JF. Sand fly fauna and molecular detection of Leishmania species and blood meal sources in different rural environments in western Amazon. Acta Trop. 2021; 224: 106150.
	47	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.
	391	Homo sapiens	Primates	4	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁷⁸78. Torchitte APA, Pereira Jr AM, Paulo PFM, Costa GS, Castro TS, Ferreira RGM, et al. Identification of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and blood meal sources in periurban areas of Ji-Paraná municipality, Western Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Biol. 2021; 81(1): 225-7.
Ps. hirsutus hirsutus	202	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵³53. Pereira Jr AM, Souza ABN, Castro TS, da Silva MS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, et al. Diversity, natural infection and blood meal sources of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2019; 114(6): 1-9.
Ps. hirsutus hirsutus	86	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Ps. llanosmartinsi	167	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Ps. lloydi	137	Avian (generic)	-	6	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁶26. Quaresma PF, Carvalho GML, Ramos MCNF, Andrade Filho JD. Natural Leishmania sp. reservoirs and phlebotomine sandfly food source identification in Ibitipoca State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012; 107(4): 480-5.
Ps. lloydi	137	Homo sapiens	Primates	8	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁶26. Quaresma PF, Carvalho GML, Ramos MCNF, Andrade Filho JD. Natural Leishmania sp. reservoirs and phlebotomine sandfly food source identification in Ibitipoca State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012; 107(4): 480-5.
Ps. paraensis	92	Dasypus novemcinctus	Cingulata	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁴⁹49. Rodrigues BL, Costa GD, Shimabukuro PHF. Identification of bloodmeals from sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the Parque Nacional do Virua, State of Roraima, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2021; 58(6): 2488-94.
Psychodopygus sp.	54	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Sciopemyia aff. microps	176	Bokermannohyla martinsi	Anura	20	COI	Sanger sequencing	²⁴24. Costa JCR, Marchi GH, Santos CS, Andrade MCM, Chaves Jr SP, Silva MAN, et al. First molecular evidence of frogs as a food source for sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Brazilian caves. Parasitol Res. 2021; 120(5): 1571-82.
Sciopemyia aff. microps	176	Scinax fuscovarius	Anura	1	COI	Sanger sequencing	²⁴24. Costa JCR, Marchi GH, Santos CS, Andrade MCM, Chaves Jr SP, Silva MAN, et al. First molecular evidence of frogs as a food source for sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Brazilian caves. Parasitol Res. 2021; 120(5): 1571-82.
Sc. servulolimai	3	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Sc. sordellii	21	Bokermannohyla martinsi	Anura	2	COI	Sanger sequencing	²⁴24. Costa JCR, Marchi GH, Santos CS, Andrade MCM, Chaves Jr SP, Silva MAN, et al. First molecular evidence of frogs as a food source for sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Brazilian caves. Parasitol Res. 2021; 120(5): 1571-82.
	2	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	1	cytb	PCR-RFLP	²⁷27. Guimarães-E-Silva AS, Silva SO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN, et al. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8): e0179052.
	67	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	2	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
	67	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
	28	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	8	cytb	PCR-RFLP	¹¹⁷117. Fonteles RS, Pereira AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol. 2018; 55(2): 445-51.
Trichophoromyia sp.	537	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	11	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵¹51. de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP, et al. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11: 64.
Trichophoromyia sp.	7	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.
Trichopygomyia sp.	4	Choloepus didactylus	Pilosa	1	cytb	Sanger sequencing	⁵⁰50. de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IS, et al. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2020; 115: 1-17.

COI: cytochrome oxidase I; cytb: cytochrome b; PCR-RFLP: polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism; PNOC: prepronociceptin.

TABLE IV Blood source identification of Brazilian sand fly species by Precipitin test

Sand fly	Number/Range of specimens collected	Vertebrate host	Vertebrate host order	Number/Range of sand flies feeding on the host	Antisera used to detect the blood source	Reference
Lu. longipalpis	2376	Avian (generic)	NA	25	cattle, dog, horse, pig, rodent, avian and human	⁽⁸⁹⁾
	916-2376	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	4-9	cattle, horse, pig, rodent, dog, human, and avian	^(89,114)
	916-2376	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	2-5	cattle, horse, pig, rodent, dog, human, and avian	^(89,114)
	916-2376	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	8-10	cattle, horse, pig, rodent, dog, human, and avian	^(89,114)
	916	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	10	cattle, horse, pig, rodent, dog, man and chicken antisera	⁽¹¹⁴⁾
	916-2376	Homo sapiens	Primates	2-12	cattle, horse, pig, rodent, dog, human, and avian	^(89,114)
	2376	Opossum (generic)	Didelphimorphia	12	cattle, dog, horse, pig, rodent, avian and human antisera	⁽⁸⁹⁾
	916-2376	Rodent (generic)	Rodentia	6-16	cattle, horse, pig, rodent, dog, human, and avian	^(89,114)
Lu. spathotrichia	34	Bradypus sp.	Pilosa	10	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken antisera	⁽³⁷⁾
	34	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	2	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken antisera	⁽³⁷⁾
	34	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	6	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken antisera	⁽³⁷⁾
	34	Homo sapiens	Primates	4	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken antisera	⁽³⁷⁾
	34	Rattus rattus	Rodentia	5	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken antisera	⁽³⁷⁾
Ny. anduzei	1	Bradypus sp.	Pilosa	1	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken antisera	⁽³⁷⁾
Ny. intermedia	NA	Avian (generic)	NA	59-130	avian, pig, dog, cat, horse, cattle, opossum, rodent armadillo, and human	⁽³¹⁾
	370	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	8	chicken, pig, dog, cat, horse, cattle, opossum, armadillo, rodent, and human	^(31,113)
	370	Canis lupus familairis	Carnivora	18-26	avian, pig, dog, cat, horse, cattle, opossum, rodent armadillo, and human	^(31,113)
	370	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	12-18	avian, pig, dog, cat, horse, cattle, opossum, rodent armadillo, and human	^(31,113)
	NA	Felis silvestris catus	Carnivora	4	chicken, pig, dog, cat, horse, cattle, opossum, armadillo, rodent, and human	⁽³¹⁾
	370	Homo sapiens	Primates	22-53	avian, pig, dog, cat, horse, cattle, opossum, rodent armadillo, and human	^(31,113)
	NA	Opossum (generic)	Didelphimorphia	38	chicken, pig, dog, cat, horse, cattle, opossum, armadillo, rodent, and human	⁽³¹⁾
	370	Rodent (generic)	Rodentia	31-80	avian, pig, dog, cat, horse, cattle, opossum, rodent armadillo, and human	^(31,113)
Ny. umbratilis	161	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	39	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken	⁽³⁷⁾
	161	Bradypus sp.	Pilosa	34	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken	⁽³⁷⁾
	161	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	18	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken	⁽³⁷⁾
	161	Homo sapiens	Primates	31	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken	⁽³⁷⁾
	161	Rattus rattus	Rodentia	59	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken	⁽³⁷⁾
	975	-	Perissodactyla	13	family-specific	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	975	-	Cingulata or Pilosa	674	family-specific	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	975	-	Rodentia	185	family-specific	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	975	-	Primates	14	family-specific	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	975	-	Lagomorpha	15	family-specific	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	975	-	Didelphimorphia	11	family-specific	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	975	-	Carnivora	6	family-specific	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	975	-	Artiodactyla	1	family-specific	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
Ny. whitmani	20	Avian (generic)	-	2	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	^(82,88)
	20	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	2-4	human, avian, chicken, cattle, horse, goat, cat, dog, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, armadillo, lizzard and frog	^(82,88)
	20	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	4	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	NA	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	14	human, chicken, cattle, dog, horse, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸⁸⁾
	20	Homo sapiens	Primates	2-8	human, avian, chicken, cattle, horse, goat, cat, dog, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, armadillo, lizzard and frog	^(82,88)
	NA	Opossum (generic)	Didelphimorphia	7	human, chicken, cattle, dog, horse, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸⁸⁾
	20	Rodent (generic)	Rodentia	8-9	human, avian, chicken, cattle, horse, goat, cat, dog, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, armadillo, lizzard and frog	^(82,88)
	NA	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	4	human, chicken, cattle, dog, horse, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸⁸⁾
Pr. choti	164	Avian (generic)	-	36	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	164	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	6	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	164	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	14	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	164	Didelphis albiventris	Didelphimorphia	10	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	164	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	14	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	164	Homo sapiens	Primates	10	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	164	Rodent (generic)	Rodentia	60	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
Pr. triacantha	90	Avian (generic)	-	24	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	90	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	4	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	90	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	2	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	90	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	10	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	90	Homo sapiens	Primates	4	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
	90	Rodent (generic)	Rodentia	28	human, avian, cattle, horse, goat, cat, pig, rodent, opossum, armadillo, sheep, lizzard and frog	⁽⁸²⁾
Pa. Shannoni complex	951	Avian (generic)	-	NA	family-specific antisera	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	2	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	1	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken	⁽³⁷⁾
	2	Rattus rattus	Rodentia	1	human, rodent, edentate, dog and chicken	⁽³⁷⁾
	951	-	Perissodactyla	3	family-specific antisera	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	951	-	Cingulata or Pilosa	730	family-specific antisera	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	951	-	Rodentia	91	family-specific antisera	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	951	-	Carnivora	26	family-specific antisera	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	951	-	Primates	15	family-specific antisera	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	951	-	Lagomorpha	8	family-specific antisera	⁽¹¹⁵⁾
	951	-	Didelphimorphia	3	family-specific antisera	⁽¹¹⁵⁾

NA: data not available

TABLE V Blood source identification of Brazilian sand fly species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Sand fly	Number/Range of specimens collected	Vertebrate host	Vertebrate host order	Number/Range of sand flies feeding on the host	Antisera used to detect the blood source	Reference
Bi. flaviscutellata	111	Avian (generic)	-	1	bird, armadillo, opossum, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²⁴⁾
Ev. cortelezzii	11	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	NA	chicken, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²³⁾
	11	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	NA	chicken, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²³⁾
	11	Rodent (generic)	Rodentia	NA	chicken, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²³⁾
Ev. infraspinosa	1492	Armadillo (generic)	Cingulata	1	bird, armadillo, opossum, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²⁴⁾
Ev. lenti	14	Homo sapiens	Primates	5	bird, human, dog, rat, and pig	⁽¹²⁰⁾
Lu. almeiroi	57	Avian (generic)	-	25	NA	⁽¹¹⁸⁾
Lu. cruzi	1382	-	Carnivora	1	bird, dog, skunk, primate, and rodent	⁽³⁶⁾
	1382	Avian (generic)	-	17	bird, dog, skunk, primate, and rodent	⁽³⁶⁾
	1382	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	2	bird, dog, skunk, primate, and rodent	⁽³⁶⁾
Lu. longipalpis	26-327	Avian (generic)	-	41-212	bird, chicken, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, rodent, and pig	^(35,118,120)
	86-327	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	29	bird, chicken, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, rodent and pig	^(35,120,123)
	NA	Capra hircus	Artiodactyla	NA	bird, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, and rodent	⁽³⁵⁾
	NA	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	NA	bird, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, and rodent	⁽³⁵⁾
	NA	Feline (generic)	Carnivora	NA	bird, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, and rodent	⁽³⁵⁾
	86	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	NA	chicken, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²³⁾
	86-327	Homo sapiens	Primates	217	bird, chicken, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, pig, and rodent	^(35,120,123)
	NA	Opossum (generic)	Didelphimorphia	NA	bird, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, and rodent	⁽³⁵⁾
	NA	Ovis aries	Artiodactyla	NA	bird, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, and rodent	⁽³⁵⁾
	86	Rodent (generic)	Rodentia	NA	bird, chicken, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, and rodent	^(35,123)
Ny. intermedia	542	Bos taurus	Artiodactyla	3	human, chicken, dog, rat, horse, pig, and bovine	⁽¹¹⁹⁾
	542	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	5	human, chicken, dog, rat, horse, pig, and bovine	⁽¹¹⁹⁾
	542	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	17	human, chicken, dog, rat, horse, pig, and bovine	⁽¹¹⁹⁾
	542	Homo sapiens	Primates	24	human, chicken, dog, rat, horse, pig, and bovine	⁽¹¹⁹⁾
	542	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	210	human, chicken, dog, rat, horse, pig, and bovine	⁽¹¹⁹⁾
Ny. neivai	195	Canis lupus familiaris	Carnivora	1	human, chicken, dog, rat, horse, pig, and bovine	⁽¹¹⁹⁾
	195	Equus ferus caballus	Perissodactyla	4	human, chicken, dog, rat, horse, pig, and bovine	⁽¹¹⁹⁾
	195	Gallus gallus	Galliformes	7	human, chicken, dog, rat, horse, pig, and bovine	⁽¹¹⁹⁾
	195	Homo sapiens	Primates	11	human, chicken, dog, rat, horse, pig, and bovine	⁽¹¹⁹⁾
	195	Sus scrofa	Artiodactyla	72	human, chicken, dog, rat, horse, pig, and bovine	⁽¹¹⁹⁾
Ny. umbratilis	2704	Armadillo (generic)	Cingulata	1	bird, armadillo, opossum, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²⁴⁾
	2704	Avian (generic)	-	8	bird, armadillo, opossum, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²⁴⁾
	2704	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	bird, armadillo, opossum, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²⁴⁾
Ny. whitmani	3	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	bird, human, dog, rat, and pig	⁽¹²⁰⁾
Pi. christenseni	1	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	bird, human, dog, rat, and pig	⁽¹²⁰⁾
Pa. aragaoi	2	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	bird, human, dog, rat, and pig	⁽¹²⁰⁾
Pa. hermanlenti	1	Avian (generic)	-	1	bird, human, dog, rat, and pig	⁽¹²⁰⁾
Pa. Shannoni complex	2	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	bird, human, dog, rat, and pig	⁽¹²⁰⁾
Ps. claustrei	14	Armadillo (generic)	Cingulata	1	bird, armadillo, opossum, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²⁴⁾
Ps. claustrei	2	Homo sapiens	Primates	1	bird, human, dog, rat, and pig	⁽¹²⁰⁾
Ps. squamiventris maripaensis	220	Armadillo (generic)	Cingulata	4	bird, armadillo, opossum, dog, rodent, and human	⁽¹²⁴⁾

NA: data not available.

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You are what you eat: a systematic review exploring the interaction between Brazilian sand flies and their vertebrate food sources

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[1] + Corresponding author: felipedutra04@hotmail.com