Ichthyofauna of Paraíba State, Brazil: diversity patterns, knowledge gaps, and challenges for fish conservation and sustainable use

The ichthyofauna of Paraíba State (Northeastern Brazil) comprises freshwater, estuarine, and marine species, providing human communities with a source of food, income, and cultural value. We characterize trends in scientific production and patterns of fish diversity, shedding light on critical knowledge gaps and identifying research priorities for conservation and the economic use of species. A broad compilation of articles published and zoological collections data, reveals that taxonomic and ecological studies are the key drivers of an exponential growth of knowledge on the fishes of Paraíba State. Our assessment identified 565 valid species, across marine, estuarine, and freshwater habitats. These species numbers are conservative, as many taxonomic issues remain unresolved and localities such as small coastal basins and deep-sea areas remain poorly sampled. Several anthropic pressures have left some species under threat. In the marine environment, 41 species are classified as threatened, while only two freshwater species are listed as threatened. Despite substantial advances in knowledge, we highlight the need for additional taxonomic research, sampling in under-surveyed areas and region-wide inventories. Finally, we recommend promoting environmental education, community engagement and training, as central elements in the conservation and management of fishes in Paraíba State.

Keywords:
Elasmobranchs; Northeast Brazil; Research priorities; Scientometric; Teleosts