A new species of <i>Loricaria</i> (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from the upper Amazon River basin, Colombia

Londoño-Burbano, Alejandro; Urbano-Bonilla, Alexander; Thomas, Matthew R.; Britto, Marcelo R.

doi:10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0008

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Original Article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 21 (03) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0008 copy

A new species of Loricaria (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from the upper Amazon River basin, Colombia

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Abstract

A new species of Loricaria is described from the upper Amazon River basin, Colombia. The new species is distinguished from its congeners primarily by having the dorsal portion of head with uniform black or dark brown coloration extending to three or four plates posterior to dorsal fin base, or with two longitudinal bands from tip of the snout to origin of dorsal fin; abdominal plates tightly joined and completely covering the median abdominal space and pectoral girdle; and pectoral and dorsal fins totally black or dark brown, without bands, spots, or blotches. The new species is further distinguished by plate counts, and body measurements. An analysis of genetic distances using the cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 marker of the mitochondrial genome showed a clear differentiation between the new species and Loricaria cataphracta (5.8–7.6%), L. nickeriensis (5.7–6.1%), and L. simillima (2.7–7.0%). Species delimitation analyses were carried out, which further supported the new species as a divergent lineage within the genus. Fish species diversity of the upper Amazon River basin and taxonomic issues related to L. simillima are included as part of the discussion.

Keywords:
COI; Orteguaza River; Putumayo River; Species delimitation analyses

Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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[1] Edited-by

Bruno Melo

	Holotype	Range	Mean	SD
Standard length	185.8	104.5–190.9	154.5	–
Percents of standard length
Head length	42.2	20.7–23.7	22.2	0.8
Predorsal length	58.6	29.7–33.7	30.7	1.0
Dorsal spine length	48.8	15.7–27.7	24.7	2.8
Body depth	18.3	9.5–11.3	10.5	0.6
Pectoral spine	40.8	18.1–21.9	20.5	1.2
Pelvic spine length	44.5	17.8–23.4	20.6	1.4
Anal spine length	37.5	16.4–21.3	18.5	1.1
Post-dorsal length	129.2	56.3–69.8	60.4	3.7
Post-anal length	101.5	48.6–58.7	53.3	2.8
Head width	33.2	15.0–19.1	17.2	0.8
Body width at post-cleithral tip	31.6	14.3–17.5	16.0	0.8
Body width at dorsal-spine origin	30.4	12.7–16.0	14.4	0.8
Body width at anal-spine origin	24.0	10.9–12.7	12.1	0.5
Abdominal length	28.5	11.5–18.5	14.1	1.7
Thoracic length	30.5	13.2–17.7	15.7	1.3
Percents of head length
Snout length	23.1	49.9–57.2	54.3	1.8
Minimum orbital diameter	5.6	12.1–18.4	14.2	1.5
Maximum orbital diameter	7.4	15.3–21.8	19.2	1.7
Head depth	19.7	35.0–59.3	42.8	5.4
Internares width at posterior bony nostrils	2.9	5.0–14.8	7.0	2.9
Nares to orbit at frontal-sphenotic juncture	7.6	14.8–21.2	17.7	1.3
Interorbital width at frontal-sphenotic juncture	9.3	18.4–23.2	19.4	1.3
Orbit at frontal sphenotic juncture to supraoccipital tip	14.8	31.3-43.5	36.5	3.0
Basicaudal plate length	9.9	12.0–27.7	18.5	4.1
Caudal peduncle least depth	2.7	5.8–7.4	6.6	0.5

Total lateral plates
	N	31	32	33	34	35
Loricaria cf. simillima (Essequibo-Takutu)	13			1	10	2
Loricaria simillima Amazon(*includes types)	38				23*	15*
Loricaria cataphracta (Guianas; *includes topotypes)	31		1	7	20*	3
Loricaria nimairaco (*holotype)	23	5	17*	2
Total	106
Anterior lateral plates
	N	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
Loricaria cf. simillima (Essequibo-Takutu)	13				2	9	2
Loricaria simillima Amazon(*includes types)	38			1	12	22*	2	1
Loricaria cataphracta (Guianas; *includes topotypes)	31	1	1*	12*	14*	3
Loricaria nimairaco (*holotype)	23		1	22*
Total	106
Posterior lateral plates
	N			13	14	15	16	17
Loricaria cf. simillima (Essequibo-Takutu)	13			3	6	4
Loricaria simillima Amazon(*includes types)	38			2	14*	18*	3	1
Loricaria cataphracta (Guianas; *includes topotypes)	31			1	5	12*	11*	2*
Loricaria nimairaco (*holotype)	23			4	17*	1	1
Total	106
Post-anal plates
	N		19	20	21	22
Loricaria cf. simillima (Essequibo-Takutu)	13			10	3
Loricaria simillima Amazon(*includes types)	38		1	22*	14	1
Loricaria cataphracta (Guianas; *includes topotypes)	31		5	15*	11
Loricaria nimairaco (*holotype)	23			10	13*
Total	106
Thoracic plates
	N	6	7	8	9	10
Loricaria cf. simillima (Essequibo-Takutu)	13		6	6	1
Loricaria simillima Amazon(*includes types)	38		8	18*	10*	2
Loricaria cataphracta (Guianas; *includes topotypes)	31	1*	5	16*	6	3*
Loricaria nimairaco (*holotype)	23			14	9*
Total	106

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
*Loricaria* _nimairaco_OP407978
*Loricaria* _nimairaco_OP407977	0.00
*Loricaria* _cataphracta_MZ052016.1	0.06	0.06
*Loricaria* _cataphracta_MZ051968.1	0.06	0.06	0.00
*Loricaria* _cataphracta_MZ051232.1	0.06	0.06	0.00	0.00
*Loricaria* _cataphracta_MZ050922.1	0.06	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00
*Loricaria* _sp._Paraguay_OP407986	0.06	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
*Loricaria* _cf._cataphracta_OP407979	0.07	0.08	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
*Loricaria* _cf._cataphracta_OP407980	0.07	0.07	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
*Loricaria* _cf._cataphracta_OP407981	0.06	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01
*Loricaria* _cf._cataphracta_OP407982	0.06	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00
*Loricaria* _cf._cataphracta_KP772582.1	0.06	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00
*Loricaria* _aff._nickeriensis_MZ051209.1	0.06	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04
*Loricaria* _aff._nickeriensis_MZ051100.1	0.06	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.00
*Loricaria* _aff._nickeriensis_MZ051588.1	0.06	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.00	0.00
*Loricaria* _aff._nickeriensis_MZ051111.1	0.06	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00
*Loricaria* _aff._nickeriensis_MZ051265.1	0.06	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
*Loricaria* _aff._nickeriensis_MZ051906.1	0.06	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
*Loricaria* _cf._simillima_MK861710.1	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
*Loricaria* _simillima_OP407983	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.06
*Loricaria* _simillima_OP407984	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.10
*Loricaria* _simillima_OP407985	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.11	0.00

Species	Catalog number	Voucher specimens	Collection data	GenBank Accession number
Harttia dissidens	MPEG 16690	t035	Brazil, Pará, Tocantins River basin, just downstream of BR-150 bridge, NE of Marabá, 05°18’42”S 49°04’24”W	ON831498
Loricaria nimairaco	ROM 107225	T-24758	Colombia, Amazonas, Caquetá, Orteguaza River, 11.4 km SE of Florencia, 01°31’09”N 75°32’19”W, 249 m asl	OP407977
Loricaria nimairaco	ROM 107265	T-24827	Colombia, Amazonas, Caquetá, Amazonas River basin, Orteguaza River, 9.0 km NE of Florencia, 01°39’29”N 75°32’31”W, 272 m asl	OP407978
Loricaria cataphracta	N/A	GF06-470	French Guiana, St-Laurent-du-Maroni, Saint-Laurent du Maroni, Maroni River, Voltaire Creek	MZ052016.1
Loricaria cataphracta	N/A	GFSU12-209	French Guiana, St-Laurent-du-Maroni, Saint-Laurent du Maroni, Maroni River, Serpent Creek	MZ051968.1
Loricaria cataphracta	N/A	GF10-031	French Guiana, St-Laurent-du-Maroni, Saint-Laurent du Maroni, Maroni River, Serpent Creek	MZ051232.1
Loricaria cataphracta	N/A	GFSU12-208	French Guiana, St-Laurent-du-Maroni, Saint-Laurent du Maroni, Maroni River, Serpent Creek	MZ050922.1
Loricaria cf. cataphracta	MCP 51676	MCP 51676	Brazil, Pará, Santarém Tapajós River at Ponta do Jari, inside mouth of major whitewater channel discharging rio 02°21’34”S 54°54’38”W	OP407979
Loricaria cf. cataphracta	MCP 51629	MCP 51629	Brazil, Pará, Paraná Carareacá, south bank Amazonas River (within 500 m of entrance), 02°10’55”S 54°52’45”W	OP407980
Loricaria cf. cataphracta	MCP 52212	MCP 52212	Brazil, Pará, Santarém Amazonas River at the mouth of Lago do Tucumatuba; on the south margin of the main channel 02°14’07”S 54°48’13”W	OP407981
Loricaria cf. cataphracta	MCP 52233	MCP 52233	Brazil, Pará, Óbidos, Amazonas River at Santa Rita; on the south margin of the main channel of the river; approximately 120 km upstream to Santarém, 02°02’34”S 55°24’34”W	OP407982
Loricaria cf. cataphracta	N/A	INPA 43893	Brazil, Amazonas, Nhamunda River	KP772582.1
Loricaria aff. nickeriensis	N/A	GFSU14-324	French Guiana, St-Laurent-du-Maroni, Upper Maroni, Marouini River, Langa Soula	MZ051209.1
Loricaria aff. nickeriensis	N/A	GFSU14-125	French Guiana, St-Laurent-du-Maroni, Upper Maroni, Marouini River, Saut Wayo	MZ051100.1
Loricaria aff. nickeriensis	N/A	GF15-378	French Guiana, Maripasoula, Maroni River, Cayode, Tampok River, tributary of Lawa River	MZ051588.1
Loricaria aff. nickeriensis	N/A	GF00-120	French Guiana, Maripasoula, Marouini River, Antecume Pata	MZ051111.1
Loricaria aff. nickeriensis	N/A	GF00-098	French Guiana, Maripasoula, Tampok River, Saut Pierkuru	MZ051265.1
Loricaria aff. nickeriensis	N/A	GF00-097	French Guiana, Maripasoula, Tampok River, Saut Pierkuru	MZ051906.1
Loricaria cf. simillima	N/A	IIAP-CIIAP-01186-1	Peru, Amazonas River basin	MK861710.1
Loricaria simillima	ROM uncatalogued	ROM T-28093	Ecuador, Amazonas River basin, Pastaza River	OP407983
Loricaria simillima	MCP 46182	MCP 46182	Brazil, Roraima, Caroebe Jauaperi River, at neighboring road 5 approx. 10 km of BR-210, 00°54’47”N 59°34’23”W	OP407984
Loricaria simillima	MCP 46205	MCP 46205	Brazil, Roraima, Rorainópolis, Jaburu Stream, at neighboring road of BR-174 between Jundiá and Rorainópolis, 00°37’15”N 60°31’05”W	OP407985
Loricaria sp. Paraguay	MCP 36566	MCP 36566	Brazil, Mato Grosso, Poconé, Paraguay River basin, stream on left margin at BR-070 to Poconé, at km 74, 16°13’24”S 56°37’36”W	OP407986
Rhadinoloricaria cf. condei	ROM uncatalogued	ROM T-28057	Ecuador, Amazonas River basin, Pastaza River	OP407987
Rhadinoloricaria condei	ROM uncatalogued	ROM T-28747	Ecuador, Amazonas River basin, Napo River	OP407988
Rineloricaria cf. lanceolata	ROM 107222	ROM T-24755	Colombia, Amazonas, Caquetá, Orteguaza River, 11.4 km SE of Florencia, 01°31’09”N 75°32’19”W, 249 m asl	OP407989
Spatuloricaria caquetae	ROM 107812	ROM T-24934	Colombia, Putumayo, Amazonas River basin, Caquetá River, 12.4 km SE of Mocoa and upstream of Puerto Limón, confluence with La Paujila Stream, 01°03’31”N 76°33’12”W, 319 m asl	OP407990