Effect of rooting hormones and media on vegetative propagation of Bougainvillea

Shrestha, Jebina; Bhandari, Nirajan; Baral, Swastika; Marahatta, Sharad Parasar; Pun, Umed

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v29i3.2637

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Scientific Article • Ornam. Hortic. 29 (3) • Jul-Sep 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v29i3.2637 copy

Effect of rooting hormones and media on vegetative propagation of Bougainvillea

Efeito de hormônios e meios de enraizamento na propagação vegetativa de buganvília

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The propagation success of bougainvillea through hardwood stem cutting varied with rooting hormones and rooting media. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of rooting hormone and rooting media on hardwood cuttings of Bougainvillea glabra cv. Double Red during April-July, 2021. The treatments were combination of rooting hormones [Indole-3-Butyric Acid (500 mg L^-1), Indole-3-Butyric Acid (1,000 mg L^-1), Naphthalene Acetic Acid (1,500 mg L^-1), Naphthalene Acetic Acid (3,000 mg L^-1), Rootex C] and different rooting media (soil and farmyard manure, sand and farmyard manure, sand and cocopeat) in 1:1 ratio. Cuttings without rooting hormones served as control. We observed earliest sprouting (10.33 days) of cuttings treated with IBA (500 mg L^-1) and planted in sand and cocopeat. The highest sprouting percent (100%) and length of longest sprout (49 cm) were recorded when cuttings were treated with Rootex C and planted in sand and cocopeat. The highest shoot fresh weight (10.04 g), shoot dry weight (2.09 g), length of root (13.75 cm), number of roots (34.17), root fresh weight (2.33 g) and root dry weight (0.24 g) was observed in cuttings treated with IBA (1000 mg L^-1) and planted in sand and cocopeat. The effect of rooting hormone and rooting media on the diameter of sprouts, rooting percentage, and transplanting success percentage was non-significant. Considering economically important parameters (sprouting percentage and length of longest sprout), this study revealed that sand and cocopeat with Rootex C was the best combination for the propagation of bougainvillea.

Keywords:
cocopeat; hardwood cuttings; media; sprouting

S.N.	Treatments	Rooting hormones	Rooting media	Combination
1	T₁	Control (H₀)	Soil and FYM (M₁)	H₀ × M₁
2	T₂	IBA (500 ppm) (H₁)	Soil and FYM (M₁)	H₁ × M₁
3	T₃	IBA (1000 ppm) (H₂)	Soil and FYM (M₁)	H₂ × M₁
4	T₄	NAA (1500 ppm) (H₃)	Soil and FYM (M₁)	H₃ × M₁
5	T₅	NAA (3000 ppm) (H₄)	Soil and FYM (M₁)	H₄ × M₁
6	T₆	Rootex C (H₅)	Soil and FYM (M₁)	H₅ ×M₁
7	T₇	Control (H₀)	Sand and FYM (M₂)	H₀ × M₂
8	T₈	IBA (500 ppm) (H₁)	Sand and FYM (M₂)	H₁ × M₂
9	T₉	IBA (1000 ppm) (H₂)	Sand and FYM (M₂)	H₂ × M₂
10	T₁₀	NAA (1500 ppm) (H₃)	Sand and FYM (M₂)	H₃ × M₂
11	T₁₁	NAA (3000 ppm) (H₄)	Sand and FYM (M₂)	H₄ × M₂
12	T₁₂	Rootex C (H₅)	Sand and FYM (M₂)	H₅ × M₂
13	T₁₃	Control (H₀)	Sand and Cocopeat (M₃)	H₀ × M₃
14	T₁₄	IBA (500 ppm) (H₁)	Sand and Cocopeat (M₃)	H₁ × M₃
15	T₁₅	IBA (1000 ppm) (H₂)	Sand and Cocopeat (M₃)	H₂ × M₃
16	T₁₆	NAA (1500 ppm) (H₃)	Sand and Cocopeat (M₃)	H₃ × M₃
17	T₁₇	NAA (3000 ppm) (H₄)	Sand and Cocopeat (M₃)	H₄ × M₃
18	T₁₈	Rootex C (H₅)	Sand and Cocopeat (M₃)	H₅ × M₃

Media	pH	EC (dS m^-1)	Bulk density (Kg m^-3)
Soil and FYM	6	0.24	965
Sand and FYM	7.4	0.16	1015
Sand and Cocopeat	6.9	0.12	840

Period	Temperature (ºC)	Relative humidity (%)
27^th April-11^th May, 2021	27.21	83.91
12^th May-26^th May, 2021	28.78	90.82
27^th May-10^th June, 2021	28.72	90.95
11^th June-25^th June, 2021	28.71	92.24
26^th June-15^th July, 2021	29.08	93.11

		Sprouting
		No of days to sprouting		Sprouting percent		No. of sprouts
Source of variation	df	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F
Replication	2	130.86	1.88	185.15	0.28	0.90	1.29
Treatment (H×M)	17	178.48**	2.56	1379.06*	2.17	1.84**	2.64
Error	34	69.75		642.68		0.70

Treatment	No of days to sprouting	Sprouting percent	No of sprouts
Control × Soil and FYM	15.39^bc	77.78^abc	2.33^bcde
IBA (500 ppm) × Soil and FYM	31.00^a	50.00^bcdef	2.11^cde
IBA (1000 ppm) × Soil and FYM	31.00^a	22.22^f	2.67^abcd
NAA (1500 ppm) × Soil and FYM	13.83^bc	66.67^abcde	4.00^a
NAA (3000 ppm) × Soil and FYM	13.00^bc	72.22^abcd	3.22^abc
Rootex C × Soil and FYM	12.10^bc	61.11^abcdef	3.33^abc
Control × Sand and FYM	23.42^abc	44.44^cdef	2.67^abcd
IBA (500 ppm) × Sand and FYM	32.33^a	33.33^def	1.67^de
IBA (1000 ppm) × Sand and FYM	16.00^bc	33.34^def	2.00^cde
NAA (1500 ppm) × Sand and FYM	13.92^bc	50.00^bcdef	2.67^abcd
NAA (3000 ppm) × Sand and FYM	25.67^ab	27.78^ef	2.67^abcd
Rootex C × Sand and FYM	12.77^bc	44.44^cdef	3.00^abcd
Control × Sand and Cocopeat	12.22^bc	77.78^abc	3.89^a
IBA (500 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	10.33^c	66.67^abcde	2.8^abcd
IBA (1000 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	10.37^c	88.89^ab	3.66^ab
NAA (1500 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	12.50^bc	66.67^abcde	2.33^bcde
NAA (3000 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	11.25^c	66.67^abcde	1.22^e
Rootex C × Sand and Cocopeat	12.22^bc	100.00^a	3.89^a
LSD	13.85**	42.06*	1.38**
CV	48.60	43.45	29.95

		Shoot parameters
		Length of longest sprout		Diameter of sprouts		Number of leaves		Shoot fresh weight		Shoot dry weight
Source of variation	df	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F
Replication	2	79.37	0.44	0.008	1.22	12.86	1.32	0.37	0.05	0.007	0.02
Treatment (H×M)	17	479.59**	2.65	0.012^ns	1.86	33.77**	3.47	22.56**	3.71	1.48**	4.74
Error	34	181.05		0.007		9.74		6.89		0.31

Treatment	Length of longest sprouts (cm)	Diameter of sprouts (cm)	Number of leaves	SFW (gm)	SDW (gm)
Control × Soil and FYM	14.17^f	0.17	7.14^g	1.26^def	0.33^def
IBA (500 ppm) × Soil and FYM	14.17^f	0.18	8.40^efg	1.59^def	0.39^def
IBA (1000 ppm) × Soil and FYM	25.83^bcdef	0.30	13.53^abcde	2.57^cdef	0.50^def
NAA (1500 ppm) × Soil and FYM	48.00^ab	0.38	12.98^bcde	5.42^bcd	1.08^bcd
NAA (3000 ppm) × Soil and FYM	29.83^abcdef	0.27	9.88^cdefg	3.23^cdef	0.69^def
Rootex C × Soil and FYM	30.00^abcdef	0.27	9.18^cdefg	2.77^cdef	0.52^def
Control × Sand and FYM	15.83^ef	0.24	9.00^cdefg	0.63^ef	0.13^ef
IBA (500 ppm) × Sand and FYM	9.50^f	0.20	8.89^defg	0.13^f	0.03^f
IBA (1000 ppm) × Sand and FYM	22.00^cdef	0.32	18.00^ab	0.06^f	0.01^f
NAA (1500 ppm) × Sand and FYM	23.67^cdef	0.28	11.72^cdefg	1.84^ef	0.37^def
NAA (3000 ppm) × Sand and FYM	19.67^def	0.26	10.55^cdefg	1.23^def	0.25^def
Rootex C × Sand and FYM	13.50^f	0.18	7.35^fg	4.58^bcde	0.96^cde
Control × Sand and Cocopeat	42.33^abc	0.32	14.16^abc	7.76^ab	1.94^ab
IBA (500 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	43.33^abc	0.34	13.96^abcd	6.53^abc	1.81^abc
IBA (1000 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	39.67^abcd	0.37	13.79^abcd	10.04^a	2.09^a
NAA (1500 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	25.67^cdef	0.25	12.33^cdef	2.10^def	0.31^def
NAA (3000 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	36.67^abcde	0.31	18.67^a	2.96^cdef	0.56^def
Rootex C × Sand and Cocopeat	49.00^a	0.32	14.16^abc	7.76^ab	1.94^ab
LSD	22.32*	0.13^ns	5.17**	4.35**	0.92**
CV	48.16	29.32	26.28	75.64	72.39

		Root parameters
		Length of root		Number of roots		Root fresh weight		Root dry weight		Rooting percentage		Transplanting success
Source of variation	df	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F
Replication	2	12.70	0.73	1.89	0.03	0.39	1.58	0.002	0.53	1255.15	0.79	2638.89	1.80
Treatment (H×M)	17	35.61*	2.05	455.69**	6.66	1.15**	4.60	0.012**	2.92	2453.42^ns	1.55	1593.14^ns	1.09
Error	34	17.33		68.37		0.25		0.004		1581.94		1462.42

Treatment	Length of root (cm)	Number of roots	RFW (gm)	RDW (gm)	Rooting percent	TS percent
Control × Soil and FYM	2.65^cd	1.83^c	0.04^e	0.01^e	27.78	100.00
IBA (500 ppm) × Soil and FYM	3.18^cd	4.17^c	0.09^de	0.03^bcde	50.00	66.67
IBA (1000 ppm) × Soil and FYM	5.47^bcd	8.00^c	0.02^e	0.04^bcde	33.33	33.33
NAA (1500 ppm) × Soil and FYM	7.78^abcd	13.17^bc	0.32^bcde	0.07^bcde	83.33	100.00
NAA (3000 ppm) × Soil and FYM	4.32^cd	7.00^c	0.17^cde	0.04^bcde	50.00	100.00
Rootex C × Soil and FYM	5.30^bcd	8.67^c	0.19^cde	0.04^bcde	50.00	66.67
Control × Sand and FYM	1.50^d	1.17^c	0.02^e	0.01^e	33.33	66.67
IBA (500 ppm) × Sand and FYM	6.00^bcd	4.00^c	0.07^de	0.01^e	66.67	66.67
IBA (1000 ppm) × Sand and FYM	3.00^cd	2.00^c	0.04^e	0.00^e	33.33	33.33
NAA (1500 ppm) × Sand and FYM	4.50^cd	3.50^c	0.06^e	0.02^cde	100.00	100.00
NAA (3000 ppm) × Sand and FYM	3.00^cd	2.33^c	0.04^e	0.01^de	66.67	66.67
Rootex C × Sand and FYM	3.52^cd	11.50^c	0.99^c	0.12^bcd	50.00	66.67
Control × Sand and Cocopeat	9.48^abc	30.83^a	0.98^bc	0.12^bc	100.00	83.33
IBA (500 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	8.20^abcd	31.00^a	1.10^b	0.09^bcde	100.00	100.00
IBA (1000 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	13.75^a	34.17^a	2.33^a	0.24^a	100.00	100.00
NAA (1500 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	11.78^ab	27.00^a	0.62^bcde	0.12^bcd	100.00	100.00
NAA (3000 ppm) × Sand and Cocopeat	8.70^abc	25.50^ab	0.90^bcd	0.13^b	100.00	100.00
Rootex C × Sand and Cocopeat	9.48^abc	30.80^a	0.98^bc	0.12^bc	100.00	100.00
LSD	6.90*	13.73**	0.82**	0.10**	65.9^ns	63.45^ns
CV	67.14	60.34	99.9	95.83	57.52	47.47

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[1] * Corresponding author: iaasnirajan@gmail.com