Obtaining new <i>Ruscus</i> products using Gamma radiation

Ruscus is an evergreen shrub that offers dark-green glossy foliage used as green additions to bouquets and flower arrangements. One of the most significant ways to obtain new varieties of crop and ornamental plants is to induce mutations by radiation. Gamma radiation is most commonly used to obtain mutants in commercial food as well as feed crops and ornamental plants. In this study, we developed tissue culture methods for Ruscus proliferation from rhizomes to obtain rhizomes clusters. These clusters were subsequently irradiated with Gamma rays to obtain unique phenotypes, such as: elongated narrow phylloclades modified stem symmetry and dwarfed growth habit. Such Ruscus types can contribute to the expansion of the floral industry.

Keywords:
rhizome plants; growth regulators; mutations; new crops

Authorship

Yaarit Kutsher

Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, ARO, Volcani Center, Israel.Ornamental Plants and Agricultural BiotechnologyIsraelIsraelOrnamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, ARO, Volcani Center, Israel.

Nir Hazenshprung

Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Israel.Soreq Nuclear Research CenterIsraelIsraelSoreq Nuclear Research Center, Israel.

Orit Amir-Segev

Lianne Merchuk-Ovnat

Dalia Evenor

Moshe Reuveni

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8762-4179

^*Corresponding author: vhmoshe@agri.gov.il

Author Contribution

M.R.: conceived and designed the experiments; Y.K., O.A.S., L.M.O., N.H., and D.A.: performed the experiments; N.H., performed the radiation exposures. M.R. drafted the paper. All authors critically read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Israel.Soreq Nuclear Research CenterIsraelIsraelSoreq Nuclear Research Center, Israel.

Figures

Figures (6)

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Figure 1
Shoot regeneration from Ruscus rhizomes. Ruscus buds from sterilized rhizomes placed on agar medium containing BA and NAA and produced multiple small buds (arrowheads in B to D) and those small buds sprouted phylloclades. Shoot meristems initiated from flower buds (C and D).

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Figure 2
The effect of cytokinin and auxin on shoot regeneration from rhizomes and flower buds. A: Variations of BA and NAA affected the number of shoots regenerated from each treatment. B: Comparing the number of shoots regenerated from rhizomes or flower buds on the same medium. The SD for the data in the figure of each data point is shown using JMP statistical program. A Tukey test using the JMP program. The Tukey Test is a post-hoc test based on the ranking range distribution.

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Figure 3
The effect of auxin concentration on shoot rooting. The concentration of IBA, NAA and IAA was varied in the presence 1/2 MS and number of rooted shoots was recorded. Each point is the mean of at least three boxes in each treatment and each box contained five to nine single shoots as starting material. Percent survival + SD for the data point. The SD for the data in the figure of each data point is shown using JMP statistical program.

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Figure 4
The effect of Gamma radiation dose on shoot regeneration. Survival of Ruscus rhizome explants treated with increasing amounts of Gamma radiation. Each point is the mean of at least three plates in each treatment and each plate contained nine single rhizome cluster without the phylloclades as shown in Fig, 1. Percent survival + SD for the data point. The SD for the data in the figure of each data point is shown using JMP statistical program.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
The effect Gamma radiation on shoot regeneration. Rhizome explants treated with increasing amounts of Gamma radiation and the number of shoots regenerated from each treatment recorded over time. At each transfer for three years, the number of shoots was recorded. The SD for the data in the figure of each data point is shown using JMP statistical program. The SD for the data in the figure of each data point is shown using JMP statistical program. A Tukey test using the JMP program. The Tukey Test is a post-hoc test based on the ranking range distribution.

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Figure 6
Photos of regenerated Ruscus plants in the soil. A: Control plants; B and C: plants with elongated phylloclades; D and E: plants with three phylloclade per internode. Arrow head point to the internodes. Bar indicates 2 cm.

Figure 1 Shoot regeneration from Ruscus rhizomes. Ruscus buds from sterilized rhizomes placed on agar medium containing BA and NAA and produced multiple small buds (arrowheads in B to D) and those small buds sprouted phylloclades. Shoot meristems initiated from flower buds (C and D).

Figure 2 The effect of cytokinin and auxin on shoot regeneration from rhizomes and flower buds. A: Variations of BA and NAA affected the number of shoots regenerated from each treatment. B: Comparing the number of shoots regenerated from rhizomes or flower buds on the same medium. The SD for the data in the figure of each data point is shown using JMP statistical program. A Tukey test using the JMP program. The Tukey Test is a post-hoc test based on the ranking range distribution.

Figure 3 The effect of auxin concentration on shoot rooting. The concentration of IBA, NAA and IAA was varied in the presence 1/2 MS and number of rooted shoots was recorded. Each point is the mean of at least three boxes in each treatment and each box contained five to nine single shoots as starting material. Percent survival + SD for the data point. The SD for the data in the figure of each data point is shown using JMP statistical program.

Figure 4 The effect of Gamma radiation dose on shoot regeneration. Survival of Ruscus rhizome explants treated with increasing amounts of Gamma radiation. Each point is the mean of at least three plates in each treatment and each plate contained nine single rhizome cluster without the phylloclades as shown in Fig, 1. Percent survival + SD for the data point. The SD for the data in the figure of each data point is shown using JMP statistical program.

Figure 5 The effect Gamma radiation on shoot regeneration. Rhizome explants treated with increasing amounts of Gamma radiation and the number of shoots regenerated from each treatment recorded over time. At each transfer for three years, the number of shoots was recorded. The SD for the data in the figure of each data point is shown using JMP statistical program. The SD for the data in the figure of each data point is shown using JMP statistical program. A Tukey test using the JMP program. The Tukey Test is a post-hoc test based on the ranking range distribution.

Figure 6 Photos of regenerated Ruscus plants in the soil. A: Control plants; B and C: plants with elongated phylloclades; D and E: plants with three phylloclade per internode. Arrow head point to the internodes. Bar indicates 2 cm.

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Obtaining new <i>Ruscus</i> products using Gamma radiation

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[1] ^*Corresponding author: vhmoshe@agri.gov.il