Microclima e desenvolvimento do café 'Conilon' consorciado com
                  seringueira

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do consórcio do cafeeiro 'Conilon' (Coffea canephora) com seringueira no microclima, na nutrição, no crescimento e na produtividade do cafeeiro. As seringueiras foram plantadas em duas fileiras duplas, distantes 33 m, no espaçamento de 4x2,3 m entre as plantas. Os tratamentos consistiram das distâncias dos cafeeiros em relação às seringueiras: 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 m. Foram realizadas medidas das variáveis atmosféricas (temperatura, irradiância e humidade relativa), da concentração foliar dos nutrientes, do comprimento dos entrenós de ramos plagiotrópicos e ortotrópicos, da área foliar individual, da concentração de clorofila e da produtividade. O consórcio promove mudanças nas condições microclimáticas dos cafeeiros próximos da seringueira, tendo ocorrido diminuição da temperatura e da irradiância e aumento da umidade relativa do ar. A proximidade do cafeiro em relação às seringueiras promove alongamento dos ramos plagiotrópicos e ortotrópicos e aumenta a área foliar individual; porém, não afeta as concentrações foliares de N, K, Mg, Fe, Zn e B em café 'Conilon' e não tem impacto negativo na produtividade.

Coffea canéfora; Hevea brasiliensis; irradiância; monocultura; sombreamento

Autoria

Fábio Luiz Partelli

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540 São Mateus, ES, Brazil. E-mail: partelli@yahoo.com.br, andre_vasconcellos@hotmail.com, ltmenezes@gmail.com.Universidade Federal do Espírito SantoBrazilSão Mateus, ES, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540 São Mateus, ES, Brazil. E-mail: partelli@yahoo.com.br, andre_vasconcellos@hotmail.com, ltmenezes@gmail.com.

André Vasconcellos Araújo

Henrique Duarte Vieira

Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Fitotecnia, Avenida Alberto Lamego, no 2.000, CEP 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: henrique@uenf.br.Universidade Estadual do Norte FluminenseBrazilCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrazilUniversidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Fitotecnia, Avenida Alberto Lamego, no 2.000, CEP 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: henrique@uenf.br.

Jairo Rafael Machado Dias

Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Departamento de Agronomia, Avenida Norte Sul, no 7.300, Bairro Nova Morada, CEP 76940-000 Rolim de Moura, RO, Brazil. E-mail: jairorafaelmdias@hotmail.com.Universidade Federal de RondôniaBrazilRolim de Moura, RO, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Rondônia, Departamento de Agronomia, Avenida Norte Sul, no 7.300, Bairro Nova Morada, CEP 76940-000 Rolim de Moura, RO, Brazil. E-mail: jairorafaelmdias@hotmail.com.

Luis Fernando Tavares de Menezes

José Cochicho Ramalho

Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Centro de Ambiente, Agricultura e Desenvolvimento, Avenida República, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal. E-mail: cochichor@iict.pt Instituto de Investigação Científica TropicalPortugalOeiras, PortugalInstituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Centro de Ambiente, Agricultura e Desenvolvimento, Avenida República, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal. E-mail: cochichor@iict.pt

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (2)

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Figure 1:
Daily irradiance values in 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in summer on the northern (A) and southern (B) sides of the coffee tree rows and in winter on the northern (C) and southern (D) sides. T1, coffee row at 3 m; T2, coffee row at 6 m; T3, coffee row at 9 m; T4, coffee row at 12 m; and T5, coffee row at 15 m from the rubber trees. Each value represents the mean (n=3).

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Figure 2:
Daily mean temperature values in 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in summer on the northern (A) and southern (B) sides of the coffee tree rows and in winter on the northern (C) and southern (D) sides. T1, coffee row at 3 m; T2, coffee row at 6 m; T3, coffee row at 9 m; T4, coffee row at 12 m; and T5, coffee row at 15 m from the rubber trees. Each value represents the mean (n=3).

Thumbnail

Figure 3:
Daily mean relative humidity values in 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in summer on the northern (A) and southern (B) sides of the coffee tree rows and in winter on the northern (C) and southern (D) sides. T1, coffee row at 3 m; T2, coffee row at 6 m; T3, coffee row at 9 m; T4, coffee row at 12 m; and T5, coffee row at 15 m from the rubber trees. Each value represents the mean (n=3).

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Table 1:
Internode length of the plagiotropic and orthotropic branches, individual leaf area (ILA), average amount of chlorophyll (relative index of chlorophyll) in the leaves, and average yield (2012, 2013, and 2014) of 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in the summer (S) and winter (W) of 2012⁽¹⁾.

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Table 2.
Mean concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S (g kg^-1) and of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and B (mg kg^-1) in leaves of 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in the summer of 2012⁽¹⁾.

Figure 1: Daily irradiance values in 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in summer on the northern (A) and southern (B) sides of the coffee tree rows and in winter on the northern (C) and southern (D) sides. T1, coffee row at 3 m; T2, coffee row at 6 m; T3, coffee row at 9 m; T4, coffee row at 12 m; and T5, coffee row at 15 m from the rubber trees. Each value represents the mean (n=3).

Figure 2: Daily mean temperature values in 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in summer on the northern (A) and southern (B) sides of the coffee tree rows and in winter on the northern (C) and southern (D) sides. T1, coffee row at 3 m; T2, coffee row at 6 m; T3, coffee row at 9 m; T4, coffee row at 12 m; and T5, coffee row at 15 m from the rubber trees. Each value represents the mean (n=3).

Figure 3: Daily mean relative humidity values in 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in summer on the northern (A) and southern (B) sides of the coffee tree rows and in winter on the northern (C) and southern (D) sides. T1, coffee row at 3 m; T2, coffee row at 6 m; T3, coffee row at 9 m; T4, coffee row at 12 m; and T5, coffee row at 15 m from the rubber trees. Each value represents the mean (n=3).

Table 1: Internode length of the plagiotropic and orthotropic branches, individual leaf area (ILA), average amount of chlorophyll (relative index of chlorophyll) in the leaves, and average yield (2012, 2013, and 2014) of 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in the summer (S) and winter (W) of 2012⁽¹⁾.

⁽¹⁾
Means followed by equal letters, in the columns, do not differ by Tukey's test, at 5% probability. T1, coffee row at 3 m; T2, coffee row at 6 m; T3, coffee row at 9 m; T4, coffee row at 12 m; and T5, coffee row at 15 m from the rubber trees. PBWF, plagiotropic branches with fruits; TPPB, tip of the productive plagiotropic branches; YPB, young plagiotropic branches; and OB, orthotropic branches.

Table 2. Mean concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S (g kg^-1) and of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and B (mg kg^-1) in leaves of 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in the summer of 2012⁽¹⁾.

⁽¹⁾
Means followed by equal letters, in the columns, do not differ by Tukey's test, at 5% probability. T1, coffee row at 3 m; T2, coffee row at 6 m; T3, coffee row at 9 m; T4, coffee row at 12 m; and T5, coffee row at 15 m from the rubber trees.

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Microclima e desenvolvimento do café 'Conilon' consorciado com seringueira

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[TFN01] ⁽¹⁾
Means followed by equal letters, in the columns, do not differ by Tukey's test, at 5% probability. T1, coffee row at 3 m; T2, coffee row at 6 m; T3, coffee row at 9 m; T4, coffee row at 12 m; and T5, coffee row at 15 m from the rubber trees. PBWF, plagiotropic branches with fruits; TPPB, tip of the productive plagiotropic branches; YPB, young plagiotropic branches; and OB, orthotropic branches.