Retirement Resources Inventory in Portugal: An Adaptation and Validation Study

França, Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho; Amorim, Silvia Miranda; Pedreiro, Ana Teresa Martins; Loureiro, Helena Maria Almeida Macedo

doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3213

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Social Psychology • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 32 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3213 copy

Retirement Resources Inventory in Portugal: An Adaptation and Validation Study

Inventário de Recursos Individuais para a Aposentadoria em Portugal: Um Estudo de Adaptação e Validação

Inventario de Recursos Individuales para la Jubilación en Portugal: Un Estudio de Adaptación y Validación

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A quarter of Portugal’s population is aged 65 years or over, mostly retired individuals. However, there is a lack of studies and instruments to facilitate retirement planning. This study aims to validate the Retirement Resources Inventory in Portugal to use it in future interventions. In total, 450 Portuguese retirees from all regions who responded to the inventory and sociodemographic questions participated in this study. According to the exploratory and confirmatory analyses, 23 items were found, confirming the four-factor model [χ ² (gl) = 404.63(216); CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.88; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.06], with good evidence of internal and convergent validity. The first factor corresponded to physical and financial aspects, the second to social and family resources, the third to received support, and the fourth to emotional and cognitive resources. We recommend the replication of the RRI in a longitudinal study before and after retirement.

Keywords:
retirement; inventories; planning; psychometrics

Characteristic		Full sample	Subsample 1	Subsample 2
Characteristic		(n = 450)	(n = 200)	(n = 250)
Sex
	Male	61.9	61.5	61.8
	Female	38.1	38.5	38.2
Age
	Mean (Standard Deviation)	68.1 (6.1)	67.1(6.4)	68.8(5.8)
	45 to 55 years	1.3	2.0	0.8
	56 to 65 years	31.2	39	24.9
	66 to 75 years	56.7	48.5	62.6
	76 to 90 years	10.8	10	11.6
Civil Status
	Marriage or cohabitation	72.7	69.5	74.7
	Single, divorced or separated, and widowed	27.3	30.5	25.3
Schooling level
	Literacy	0.9	0.5	1.2
	Primary education	7.8	8.0	7.6
	Secondary education	37.4	36.0	38.5
	Undergraduate studies	35.6	34.0	36.9
	Graduate studies	18.3	21.0	15.6

Dimension	Item	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis
Physical resources	1. General health condition	3.65	0.86	-0.85	0.99
	2. Physical illnesses	3.64	0.98	-0.19	-0.42
	3. Mental disorders	4.64	0.71	-2.20	4.98
	4. Energy for activities	3.57	0.70	-1.07	1.96
Financial resources	5. Income to support expenses	3.17	0.72	-0.70	0.81
	6. Financial support from savings	2.77	0.90	-0.64	-0.28
	7. Financial support from investments	2.22	1.00	0.05	-1.28
	8. Financial support from pension	2.61	0.99	-0.45	-0.88
Social resources	9. Contact with friends	3.48	1.00	-0.18	-0.69
	10. Contact with family	3.52	1.00	-0.42	-0.49
	11. Contacting people from different sources	3.37	1.10	-0.15	-0.83
	12. Supportive interactions with friends	3.39	1.02	-0.42	-0.57
	13. Supportive interactions with family	3.65	1.09	-0.63	-0.37
	14. Supportive interactions with various people	3.10	1.02	-0.17	-0.56
	15. Informational support	2.60	0.91	0.11	-0.23
	16. Emotional support	2.77	0.97	0.24	-0.31
	17. Concrete support	2.20	1.19	0.72	-0.49
Emotional resources	18. Positive emotions	3.49	0.72	-0.91	1.27
	19. Ability to perceive emotions	3.78	0.53	-1.01	2.29
	20. Awareness of emotions	3.82	0.53	-1.27	4.21
	21. Ability to use emotions	3.64	0.60	-0.88	1.34
Cognitive resources	22. Control over what happens	3.79	0.96	-0.74	0.18
	23. Value perception	4.24	0.64	-0.78	2.01
	24. Forgetting where they have been or what they have done	3.81	0.84	-0.45	-0.04
	25. Ability to remember events	3.70	0.66	-0.62	1.38
	26. Ability to remember meanings	3.73	0.64	-0.94	2.07
	27. Ability to acquire knowledge	3.58	0.64	-0.85	1.49
	28. Speed of processing information	3.54	0.68	-0.14	0.34
	29. Ability to solve problems	3.69	0.53	-0.72	0.88
	30. Ability to make decisions	3.65	0.54	-0.56	0.42
Motivational resources	31. Effort in the face of difficulties	3.94	0.62	-0.99	2.98
	32. Fighting for goals	4.12	0.59	-0.68	2.93
	33. Adapting to change	3.86	0.73	-0.76	1.45
	34. Motivation in the face of challenges	3.52	0.87	-0.58	0.07
	35. Creating unrealistic goals	3.86	0.84	-0.62	0.21

Item	F1	F2	F3	F4
1. General health condition	0.33			0.49
4. Energy for activities	0.37			0.41
5. Income to support expenses				0.76
6. Financial support from savings				0.85
7. Financial support from investments				0.65
8. Financial support from pension				0.66
9. Contact with friends		0.65
10. Contact with family		0.73
11. Contacting people from different sources		0.72
12. Supportive interactions with friends		0.47	0.33
13. Supportive interactions with family		0.51
15. Informational support			0.71
16. Emotional support			0.77
17. Concrete support			0.65
18. Positive emotions	0.45	0.32
19. Ability to perceive emotions	0.59
20. Awareness of emotions	0.69
21. Ability to use emotions	0.61
26. Ability to remember meanings	0.65
27. Ability to acquire knowledge	0.62
28. Speed of processing information	0.74
29. Ability to solve problems	0.76
30. Ability to make decisions	0.61

Item	F1	F2	F3	F4
1. General health condition	0.30
4. Energy for activities	0.67
5. Income to support expenses	0.57
6. Financial support from savings	0.67
7. Financial support from investments	0.53
8. Financial support from pension	0.55
9. Contact with friends		0.58
10. Contact with family		0.67
11. Contacting people from different sources		0.65
12. Supportive interactions with friends		0.72
13. Supportive interactions with family		0.64
15. Informational support			0.63
16. Emotional support			0.73
17. Concrete support			0.48
18. Positive emotions				0.42
19. Ability to perceive emotions				0.34
20. Awareness of emotions				0.30
21. Ability to use emotions				0.32
26. Ability to remember meanings				0.39
27. Ability to acquire knowledge				0.37
28. Speed of processing information				0.42
29. Ability to solve problems				0.32
30. Ability to make decisions				0.31

	F1	F2	F3	F4
Gender	0.10*	0.08	0.25***	0.07
Age	0.11*	-0.01	0.13*	-0.11*
Civil status	-0.02	-0.04	0.04	-0.10*
Schooling level	0.24***	0.18**	0.03	0.35***
Income	0.38***	0.07	0.09	0.07
Salary loss	-0.23***	-0.05	-0.10	-0.03
No. of dependents	-0.03	-0.03	0.12*	-0.04

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho França. Universidade Salgado de Oliveira. Rua Marechal Deodoro, 211 Centro - Niterói-RJ, Brazil. CEP 24.030-060. E-mail: lucia.franca@gmail.com