Genetic variability of the initial growth of <i>Eugenia dysenterica</i> DC.: implications for conservation and breeding<sup>1</sup>

Boaventura-Novaes, Carolina Ribeiro Diniz; Novaes, Evandro; Mota, Elias Emanuel Silva; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Chaves, Lázaro José

doi:10.1590/1983-40632021v5168756

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Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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Special Supplement: Cerrado [Brazilian Savanna] • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 51 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5168756 copy

Genetic variability of the initial growth of Eugenia dysenterica DC.: implications for conservation and breeding¹

Variabilidade genética do crescimento inicial de Eugenia dysenterica DC.: implicações para conservação e melhoramento genético

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Eugenia dysenterica DC. is a native tree from the Brazilian Savanna known as a genetic resource for its fruits and culinary potential. The knowledge on the genetic variability of agronomic traits is important to support studies on its conservation and domestication. This study aimed to estimate the quantitative genetic parameters of initial growth traits among and within E. dysenterica subpopulations, in provenance and progeny testing, and establish a germplasm collection representative of the species distribution. For that, 25 natural subpopulations were sampled and, within each subpopulation, six mother trees. The progenies were sown in a nursery, in a randomized complete blocks design consisting of 150 progenies, four replications and five plants per plot. The analysis of variance of the initial development traits revealed a greater variability among the progenies within the subpopulation than that observed among the subpopulations. The aboveground biomass represented only 15 % of the total biomass, a recurrent characteristic in Brazilian Savanna species. The estimated heritability and coefficients of genetic variation presented selection potential for the initial development traits, which are important for commercial seedlings production. An in vivo ex situ germplasm collection was established for conservation and breeding purposes, using a sample of four plants from each progeny.

KEYWORDS:
Cagaita; progeny test; Brazilian Savanna; genetic resources

Trait	Date	Number of evaluations
Emergence percentage	15 Nov. 2011 to 15 Apr. 2012	3,000
Days to emergence	15 Nov. 2011 to 15 Apr. 2012	2,461
Initial plant height (cm)	01 Feb. 2012	2,419
Plant height (cm)	15 Feb. 2012	2,438
Plant height (cm)	29 Feb. 2012	2,451
Plant height (cm)	29 Mar. 2012	2,451
Plant height (cm)	02 May 2012	2,475
Plant height (cm)	18 June 2012	2,475
Plant height (cm)	30 Aug. 2012	2,464
Final plant height (cm)	30 Oct. 2012	2,476
Initial stem diameter (mm)	02 Feb. 2012	1,824
Stem diameter (mm)	16 Feb. 2012	2,387
Stem diameter (mm)	01 Mar. 2012	2,415
Stem diameter (mm)	30 Mar. 2012	2,452
Stem diameter (mm)	02 May 2012	2,470
Stem diameter (mm)	11 June 2013	2,475
Stem diameter (mm)	30 Aug. 2012	2,477
Final stem diameter (mm)	31 Oct. 2012	2,475
Leaf length (cm)	18 June 2012	4,862
Leaf width (cm)	18 June 2012	4,862
Number of leaves	18 June 2012	2,462
Root fresh mass (g)	22 Nov. 2012	566
Root dry mass (g)	24 Nov. 2012	562
Aboveground fresh mass (g)	22 Nov. 2012	566
Aboveground dry mass (g)	24 Nov. 2012	563
Root length (cm)	22 Nov. 2012	566
Shoot length (cm)	22 Nov. 2012	566

Source of variation	DF	Mean square
Source of variation	DF	EP	DE	ES	IH	FH	HR	ID	FD	DR
Blocks	3	306.91^* * ,	78.12^ns ns p-value < 5 %, 1 % and 0.1 % and non-significant, respectively, by the F test. EP: emergence percentage; DE: days to emergence; ES: emergence speed; IH: initial height (cm); FH: final height (cm); HR: height growth rate; ID: initial diameter (cm); FD: final diameter (cm); DR: diameter growth rate.	0.003^ ,	0.25^ns ns p-value < 5 %, 1 % and 0.1 % and non-significant, respectively, by the F test. EP: emergence percentage; DE: days to emergence; ES: emergence speed; IH: initial height (cm); FH: final height (cm); HR: height growth rate; ID: initial diameter (cm); FD: final diameter (cm); DR: diameter growth rate.	18.01^ , ^* * ,	0.19^ , ^* * ,	0.046^ , ^* * ,	0.528^ , ^* * ,	0.007^ , ^* * ,
Subpopulations	24	455.14^* * ,	375.11^* * ,	0.012^ , ^* * ,	3.27^ , ^* * ,	13.42^ , ^* * ,	0.04^ , ^* * ,	0.052^ , ^* * ,	0.143^ , ^* * ,	0.001^ , ^* * ,
Progenies/subpopulations	123	256.02^ , ^* * ,	214.61^ , ^* * ,	0.006^ , ^* * ,	0.71^ , ^* * ,	2.33^ , ^* * ,	0.01^* * ,	0.016^ , ^* * ,	0.042^ , ^* * ,	0.0003^ ,
Error	427	89.21	54.43	0.001	0.14	0.76	0.01	0.004	0.014	0.0002
Mean		82.03	32.13	2.93	2.29	4.53	0.25	0.89	1.13	0.01
CVe		4.75	3.44	18.15	40.28	40.63	39.81	16.20	20.57	110.66
CVg		21.16	17.35	1.22	21.29	14.16	9.26	6.20	7.55	26.56
$h_{m}^{2}$		0.82	0.65	0.86	0.80	0.68	0.23	0.75	0.66	0.36

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	LA	LL	LW	NL	RD	AD	RF	AF	RL	SL
Blocks	3	10.94^ , ^* * ,	2.21^ , ^* * ,	0.27^ns ns p-value < 5 %, 1 % and 0.1 %, and non-significant, respectively, by the F test; LA: leaf area (cm2); LL: leaf length (cm); LW: leaf width (cm); NL: number of leaves; RD: root dry mass (g); AD: aboveground dry mass (g); RF: root fresh mass (g); AF: aboveground fresh mass (g); RL: main root length (cm); SL: shoot length (cm).	2.29^ , ^* * ,	2.63^ , ^* * ,	0.22^ , ^* * ,	9.08^ , ^* * ,	0.72^ , ^* * ,	28.95^ns ns p-value < 5 %, 1 % and 0.1 %, and non-significant, respectively, by the F test; LA: leaf area (cm2); LL: leaf length (cm); LW: leaf width (cm); NL: number of leaves; RD: root dry mass (g); AD: aboveground dry mass (g); RF: root fresh mass (g); AF: aboveground fresh mass (g); RL: main root length (cm); SL: shoot length (cm).	8.56^ , ^* * ,
Subpopulations	24	19.66^ , ^* * ,	3.58^ , ^* * ,	0.72^ , ^* * ,	1.74^ , ^* * ,	1.07^ , ^* * ,	0.04^* * ,	1.73^* * ,	0.10^ns ns p-value < 5 %, 1 % and 0.1 %, and non-significant, respectively, by the F test; LA: leaf area (cm2); LL: leaf length (cm); LW: leaf width (cm); NL: number of leaves; RD: root dry mass (g); AD: aboveground dry mass (g); RF: root fresh mass (g); AF: aboveground fresh mass (g); RL: main root length (cm); SL: shoot length (cm).	185.90^ , ^* * ,	13.25^ , ^* * ,
Progenies/subpopulations	123	4.84^ , ^* * ,	0.72^ , ^* * ,	0.20^ns ns p-value < 5 %, 1 % and 0.1 %, and non-significant, respectively, by the F test; LA: leaf area (cm2); LL: leaf length (cm); LW: leaf width (cm); NL: number of leaves; RD: root dry mass (g); AD: aboveground dry mass (g); RF: root fresh mass (g); AF: aboveground fresh mass (g); RL: main root length (cm); SL: shoot length (cm).	0.59^ , ^* * ,	0.52^ , ^* * ,	0.02^ , ^* * ,	1.02^ , ^* * ,	0.06^ ,	95.04^ns ns p-value < 5 %, 1 % and 0.1 %, and non-significant, respectively, by the F test; LA: leaf area (cm2); LL: leaf length (cm); LW: leaf width (cm); NL: number of leaves; RD: root dry mass (g); AD: aboveground dry mass (g); RF: root fresh mass (g); AF: aboveground fresh mass (g); RL: main root length (cm); SL: shoot length (cm).	3.49^ , ^* * ,
Error	425	1.19	0.19	0.45	0.33	0.24	0.01	0.49	0.04	91.37	1.68
Mean		4.76	3.92	1.64	2.77	1.09	0.18	1.58	0.30	27.61	6.32
CVe		19.63	10.12	10.79	9.86	54.82	72.29	52.50	76.46	35.44	25.57
CVg		7.05	9.41	12.17	7.23	24.74	26.88	23.55	24.78	3.54	10.86
$h_{m}^{2}$		0.74	0.74	0.78	0.27	0.53	0.42	0.52	0.34	0.04	0.52

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E-mail: revistapat.agro@ufg.br

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[TFN4] ^ns
p-value < 5 %, 1 % and 0.1 % and non-significant, respectively, by the F test. EP: emergence percentage; DE: days to emergence; ES: emergence speed; IH: initial height (cm); FH: final height (cm); HR: height growth rate; ID: initial diameter (cm); FD: final diameter (cm); DR: diameter growth rate.

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Genetic variability of the initial growth of Eugenia dysenterica DC.: implications for conservation and breeding1

Variabilidade genética do crescimento inicial de Eugenia dysenterica DC.: implicações para conservação e melhoramento genético

ABSTRACT

Genetic variability of the initial growth of Eugenia dysenterica DC.: implications for conservation and breeding¹