Megalobulimus dryades, a new species from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, and redescription of Megalobulimus gummatus (Gastropoda: Strophocheilidae)

Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. is described from the Atlantic Forest in the Vale do Ribeira region, in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, S-SE Brazil, based on morphology. Representatives of the new species with white peristome and glossy periostracum have been misidentified as Megalobulimus gummatus (Hidalgo, 1870Hidalgo, J.G. 1870. Catalogue des coquilles terrestres recueillies par les naturalists de la commission scientifique espagnole sur divers points de l’Amérique méridionale. Journal de Conchyliologie, 18: 27-70.) since the 19^th Century. The true M. gummatus is revised and redescribed, and its distribution is here restricted to Rio de Janeiro state. Externally, the new species differs from M. gummatus in having distinct protoconch color and sculpture, teleoconch sculpture marked by strong anastomosing rugosities and malleations, and lighter colored white-greyish head-foot. Internally, it presents distinct jaw and radular features, a talon, and a long convoluted penis bearing two flagella. Additional comparisons with other Brazilian congeneric species are also provided.

Keywords
Land snail; Rio de Janeiro; São Paulo; Paraná; Vale do Ribeira

Authorship

José Heitzmann Fontenelle

Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES). Santos, SP, Brasil.. E-mail: josefontenelle@santos.sp.gov.brUniversidade Metropolitana de SantosBrasilSantos, SP, BrasilUniversidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES). Santos, SP, Brasil.. E-mail: josefontenelle@santos.sp.gov.br

Parque Zoobotânico ‘Orquidário Municipal de Santos’. Santos, SP, Brasil.Parque Zoobotânico ‘Orquidário Municipal de Santos’BrasilSantos, SP, BrasilParque Zoobotânico ‘Orquidário Municipal de Santos’. Santos, SP, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6718-5490

Luiz Ricardo L. Simone

Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil.. E-mail: lrsimone@usp.brUniversidade de São PauloBrasilSão Paulo, SP, BrasilUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil.. E-mail: lrsimone@usp.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-9823

Daniel Caracanhas Cavallari

Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Departamento de Biologia (DB). Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. E-mail: dccavallari@usp.br (corresponding author)Universidade de São PauloBrasilRibeirão Preto, SP, BrasilUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Departamento de Biologia (DB). Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. E-mail: dccavallari@usp.br (corresponding author)

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-6434

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

J.H.F.: Conceptualization, data curation, investigation, formal analysis, writing (original draft). L.R.L.S.: Supervision, formal analysis, writing (review & editing). D.C.C.: Formal analysis, data curation, investigation, writing (review & editing).

Edited by: Marcelo Veronesi Fukuda

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (14)

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Figure 1
Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov., live specimen in the Atlantic Forest, Fazenda Intervales, São Miguel Arcanjo Municipality, São Paulo state (photo by B.M. Tomotani).

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Figure 2
Shell of Megalobulimus dryades sp. nov.: (A-D) holotype (MZSP 120000, Iporanga, SP), (A) apertural view, (B) lateral view, (C) abapertural view, (D) apical view; C and D showing the shell measurements: L = length, W = width, H = height; (E-F) paratype (MZSP 29317, Iguape, SP), (E) apertural view, (F) abapertural view; (G-H) paratype (MZSP 28773, Iguape, SP), (G) apertural view, (H) abapertural view; (I) paratype (MZSP 15594), apical view of protoconch in SEM.

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Figure 3
Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. anatomy: (A) pulmonary (pallial) cavity, ventral-inner view showing collar vessel (cv), septum (se), heart (ht); (B) jaw, anterior view, left side damaged; (C) radula, central region in SEM.

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Figure 4
Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. anatomy: (A) pallial chamber, renopericardial region, ventral view; (B) pneumostome region, ventral view, inner lip or pneumostome deflected. Scale bars = 5 mm.

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Figure 5
Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. anatomy: (A) buccal mass opened longitudinally; (B) odontophore, dorsal view, radula and right muscles partially removed; (C) same, ventral view; (D) esophagus longitudinally opened, exposing its inner surface. Scale bars = 5 mm.

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Figure 6
Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. anatomy: (A) stomach, right view, opened longitudinally along dorsal surface; (B) same, left view; (C) intestine, transversally opened strip of its proximal region, inner surface exposed; (D) same, region of the pre-rectal valve; (E) same, rectum region. Scale bars = 5 mm. Figure 4. Megalobulimus dryades sp. nov. anatomy: (A) pallial chamber, renopericardial region, ventral view; (B) pneumostome region, ventral view, inner lip or pneumostome deflected. Scale bars = 5 mm.

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Figure 7
Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. anatomy: (A) genital system, complete dorsal view; (B) Carrefour region, ventral view; (C) albumen chamber opened, exposing its folds; (D) spermoviduct, cross-section at its middle region; (E) anterior region of genital ducts, lateral view; (F) same, opened longitudinally. Scale bars = 5 mm.

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Figure 8
Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. male structures: (A) penis and epiphallus, anterior view; (B) same, posterior view; (C) detail of epiphallus and its flagella; (D) penis and epiphallus opened longitudinally to expose their inner folds. Scale bars = 5 mm.

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Figure 9
Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. and M. gummatus in S-SE Brazil: Geographical distributions based on MZSP specimens. Megalobulimus dryades sp. nov. (circles; star indicating type locality, Iporanga) in south São Paulo state; M. gummatus (triangle) on the central coast of Rio de Janeiro state (type locality).

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Figure 10
Shells of Megalobulimus gummatus: (A-C) holotype MNCN 1505/3199 (Rio de Janeiro), (A) apertural view, (B) lateral view, (C) abapertural view; (D-G) ANSP 428461 (Rio de Janeiro), (D) abapertural view, (E) lateral view, (F) apertural view, (G) protoconch; (H) MZSP 66800 (Arraial do Cabo, RJ), apertural view; (I-J) FMNH 216409 (Macaé, RJ, det. Bequaert, 1953), (I) apertural view, (J) protoconch. Arrows indicate location of spiral sulci.

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Figure 11
Megalobulimus gummatus anatomy: (A) jaw; (B) radula, central region in SEM.

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Figure 12
Megalobulimus gummatus anatomy: (A) pallial chamber, renopericardial region, ventral view; (B) pneumostome region, ventral view, inner lip or pneumostome deflected; (C) genital system, complete dorsal view; (D) anterior region of genital ducts, lateral view; (E) same, opened longitudinally; (F) Carrefour region, ventral view; (G) penis and epiphallus opened longitudinally. Scale bars = 5 mm.

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Figure 13
Shells of Megalobulimus chionostoma: (A-C) MZSP 16582 (Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, det. Morretes 1953Morretes, F.L. 1953. Adenda e corrigenda ao ensaio de catálogo dos moluscos do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense , 10: 37-76.), (A) apertural view, (B) lateral view, (C) abapertural view; (D-F) FMNH 405 (Cantagalo, RJ), (D) apertural view, (E) lateral view, (F) protoconch.

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Figure 14
Shells of Megalobulimus terrestris, M. oosomus and M. valenciennesii: (A-B) Megalobulimus terrestris MZSP 29322 (Agostina, PE), (A) apertural view, (B) abapertural view; (C-F) Megalobulimus oosomus, Holotype ANSP 32810 (Brazil), (C) apertural view, (D) lateral view, (E) abapertural view, (F) apical view; (G-H) Megalobulimus valenciennesii MZSP 28940 (Buerarema, BA), (G) apertural view, (H) abapertural view.

Figure 1 Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov., live specimen in the Atlantic Forest, Fazenda Intervales, São Miguel Arcanjo Municipality, São Paulo state (photo by B.M. Tomotani).

Figure 2 Shell of Megalobulimus dryades sp. nov.: (A-D) holotype (MZSP 120000, Iporanga, SP), (A) apertural view, (B) lateral view, (C) abapertural view, (D) apical view; C and D showing the shell measurements: L = length, W = width, H = height; (E-F) paratype (MZSP 29317, Iguape, SP), (E) apertural view, (F) abapertural view; (G-H) paratype (MZSP 28773, Iguape, SP), (G) apertural view, (H) abapertural view; (I) paratype (MZSP 15594), apical view of protoconch in SEM.

Figure 3 Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. anatomy: (A) pulmonary (pallial) cavity, ventral-inner view showing collar vessel (cv), septum (se), heart (ht); (B) jaw, anterior view, left side damaged; (C) radula, central region in SEM.

Figure 4 Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. anatomy: (A) pallial chamber, renopericardial region, ventral view; (B) pneumostome region, ventral view, inner lip or pneumostome deflected. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 5 Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. anatomy: (A) buccal mass opened longitudinally; (B) odontophore, dorsal view, radula and right muscles partially removed; (C) same, ventral view; (D) esophagus longitudinally opened, exposing its inner surface. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 6 Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. anatomy: (A) stomach, right view, opened longitudinally along dorsal surface; (B) same, left view; (C) intestine, transversally opened strip of its proximal region, inner surface exposed; (D) same, region of the pre-rectal valve; (E) same, rectum region. Scale bars = 5 mm. Figure 4. Megalobulimus dryades sp. nov. anatomy: (A) pallial chamber, renopericardial region, ventral view; (B) pneumostome region, ventral view, inner lip or pneumostome deflected. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 7 Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. anatomy: (A) genital system, complete dorsal view; (B) Carrefour region, ventral view; (C) albumen chamber opened, exposing its folds; (D) spermoviduct, cross-section at its middle region; (E) anterior region of genital ducts, lateral view; (F) same, opened longitudinally. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 8 Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. male structures: (A) penis and epiphallus, anterior view; (B) same, posterior view; (C) detail of epiphallus and its flagella; (D) penis and epiphallus opened longitudinally to expose their inner folds. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 9 Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. and M. gummatus in S-SE Brazil: Geographical distributions based on MZSP specimens. Megalobulimus dryades sp. nov. (circles; star indicating type locality, Iporanga) in south São Paulo state; M. gummatus (triangle) on the central coast of Rio de Janeiro state (type locality).

Figure 10 Shells of Megalobulimus gummatus: (A-C) holotype MNCN 1505/3199 (Rio de Janeiro), (A) apertural view, (B) lateral view, (C) abapertural view; (D-G) ANSP 428461 (Rio de Janeiro), (D) abapertural view, (E) lateral view, (F) apertural view, (G) protoconch; (H) MZSP 66800 (Arraial do Cabo, RJ), apertural view; (I-J) FMNH 216409 (Macaé, RJ, det. Bequaert, 1953), (I) apertural view, (J) protoconch. Arrows indicate location of spiral sulci.

Figure 11 Megalobulimus gummatus anatomy: (A) jaw; (B) radula, central region in SEM.

Figure 12 Megalobulimus gummatus anatomy: (A) pallial chamber, renopericardial region, ventral view; (B) pneumostome region, ventral view, inner lip or pneumostome deflected; (C) genital system, complete dorsal view; (D) anterior region of genital ducts, lateral view; (E) same, opened longitudinally; (F) Carrefour region, ventral view; (G) penis and epiphallus opened longitudinally. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 13 Shells of Megalobulimus chionostoma: (A-C) MZSP 16582 (Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, det. Morretes 1953Morretes, F.L. 1953. Adenda e corrigenda ao ensaio de catálogo dos moluscos do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense , 10: 37-76.), (A) apertural view, (B) lateral view, (C) abapertural view; (D-F) FMNH 405 (Cantagalo, RJ), (D) apertural view, (E) lateral view, (F) protoconch.

Figure 14 Shells of Megalobulimus terrestris, M. oosomus and M. valenciennesii: (A-B) Megalobulimus terrestris MZSP 29322 (Agostina, PE), (A) apertural view, (B) abapertural view; (C-F) Megalobulimus oosomus, Holotype ANSP 32810 (Brazil), (C) apertural view, (D) lateral view, (E) abapertural view, (F) apical view; (G-H) Megalobulimus valenciennesii MZSP 28940 (Buerarema, BA), (G) apertural view, (H) abapertural view.

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Megalobulimus dryades, a new species from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, and redescription of Megalobulimus gummatus (Gastropoda: Strophocheilidae)

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[1] AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

J.H.F.: Conceptualization, data curation, investigation, formal analysis, writing (original draft). L.R.L.S.: Supervision, formal analysis, writing (review & editing). D.C.C.: Formal analysis, data curation, investigation, writing (review & editing).