Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The species richness of organisms associated with altitudinal gradients tends to decline with increasing altitude, however, this pattern is not observed in mygalomorph. The present study tests the hypothesis that the richness and abundance of ground-dwelling mygalomorph spiders will be positively correlated with the increase in altitude, as well as will be influenced by variation of potential prey along an altitudinal gradient in the Brazilian semi-arid domain. Sampling took place during August 2020 to August 2021, through pitfall traps, totaling 50 traps/area/month. A total of 125 adult individuals belonging to 10 morphospecies were collected along the altitudinal gradient. Theraphosidae was the richest family in morphospecies, the most abundant mygalomorph was Neodiplotele caucaia Gonzalez-Filho, Lucas & Brescovit, 2015, Guyruita sp., and Diplura sanguínea (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896). Our results shows that mygalomorph abundance and species richness were affected by potential prey availability and not by altitude perse. Therefore, our results shows that the biotic (e.g., availability of potential preys) and no abiotic (e.g., elevation) may have a key factor to the mygalomorph spider assemblage modulation along an altitudinal gradient. The study opens precedents for further investigations on the distribution patterns of mygalomorph spiders in the Brazilian semiarid region.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study represents an inventory of fish collected in six small tributaries from the rio Tarumã river, in the Jaru Biological Reserve, middle rio Machado, Vale do Anari town, Rondônia, Brazil. The fieldwork was carried in August 2019 and 2021 in streams of up to third order during the low water period, in a 50 m blocked stretch located 1 km upstream of the mouth of the Tarumã river. The sampling effort in each stream was standardized with five people collecting with hand-nets and seinenets for 2 hours. A total of 2.989 individuals, 64 species, 55 genera, 22 families and seven orders were captured. Seven species not identified at the species level belonging to the Cetopsorhamdia, Hemigrammus, Knodus, Microcharacidium, Paracanthopoma, Pyrrhulina, and Synbranchus, were considered as new. No exotic species was captured. The fish of the orders Characiformes and Siluriformes had the greatest abundance. Characidae was the family with greatest richness of captured species (13 species), being Hyphessobrycon agulha, Hemigrammus bellottii, Apistogramma resticulosa, and Elachocharax pulcher the species with the highest richness and abundance. This study illustrates the fish composition in a pristine area from the rio Machado and will serve as a baseline for future studies in view of the rapid replacement of forests in production systems of southern Amazonia.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Water beetles are taxonomically diverse and can colonize different environments. Sixteen families occur in Brazil, most of which have already been recorded in caves. This study presents the diversity and distribution of aquatic coleopterans in Brazilian caves based on the material deposited in the Zoological Collection of the Laboratório de Estudos Subterrâneos (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil), as well as information about their microhabitats, including cave zones, substrate, and water flow. A total of ten families (Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Noteridae, Hydroscaphidae, Elmidae, Dryopidae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Psephenidae, and Scirtidae) were identified in 46 caves from 12 karst and three non-karst areas. Only one troglobitic species was recorded, a Hydroscaphidae from Serra da Bodoquena karst area. New distribution records are presented, including genera that were recorded for the first time in Brazilian caves: Rhantus, Megadytes and Laccodytes (Dytiscidae), Hydrocanthus (Noteridae), Huleechius (Elmidae), Helichus (Dryopidae), and Hydrophilus (Hydrophilidae). This study also provides new relevant information on the microhabitats occupied by this fauna in caves, since for most of the taxa little information is available in the literature. The findings highlight the importance of studying material deposited in scientific collections.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Cis olivieri Mellié, 1849 is redescribed based on specimens from the type series and additional material from the Northeast and Southeast Regions of Brazil. Cis lemoulti Pic, 1923 is proposed as a junior synonym of Cis olivieri, and lectotypes are designated for both names. This study represents the first report of Cis olivieri in Brazil. Images of male and female terminalia, along with a distribution map, are provided.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The type material of species of Habralictus Moure, 1941 housed in the Museum für Naturkunde (ZMB), in Berlin, Germany, was studied, and lectotypes are designated for Neocorynura banghaasi Schrottky, 1910, Neocorynura ligea Schrottky, 1911 and Neocorynura metallica Friese, 1916. Taxonomic notes, diagnosis and redescriptions are presented. Remarks and photographs of the type specimens are also provided, including for Halictus xanthogastris Vachal, 1911.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Bat body size and some aspects of the wing shape are considered efficient indicators of bat flight performance. Here, we evaluated how body size and wing shape can be predictors of initial flight acceleration (0-10 meters) in 15 bat species (3 families) occurring in the Atlantic Forest. Two body size variables (wingspan and body mass) and three wing shape variables (relative wing loading, aspect ratio and wing tip index) were taken from 74 individuals. We carried out flight experiments with another 59 individuals, to evaluate the Initial Flight Acceleration (IFA). We used generalized linear models (GLM) to evaluate which variables were the best predictors of initial flight acceleration. Furthermore, we tested the phylogenetic signal for initial flight acceleration, and the hypothesis of phylogenetic autocorrelation for this behavior was discarded (p > 0.05). Our results show that larger species with narrow wings need to develop greatest initial accelerations to take off flight. We suggest a morphological restriction on flight, since most bat species analyzed have low values in both variables and those that have high values are only in one of these variables.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In the present study, two deep-water species of the caridean shrimp family Alpheidae are described from two localities in the Indo-West Pacific, each based on a single specimen. Bannereus kebir sp. nov. is described based on a female holotype collected at a depth of 230-243 m in the Kai Islands, Indonesia. The new species can be easily separated from the two congeners, B. anomalus Bruce, 1988 and B. chani Anker & Pachelle, 2020, by the presence of strap-like epipods on the first to third pereiopods. Salmoneusprofundus sp. nov. is described based on an incomplete hermaphrodite holotype collected at a depth of 218-225 m near Hanover Island, Papua New Guinea. This species differs from all other species of Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 by the shape and armature of the enlarged minor cheliped, the elongate walking legs, and the absence of a strap-like epipod on the fourth pereiopod. It also represents by far the deepest-known member of Salmoneus, since all other known species in this genus occur at depths shallower than 90 m.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract A new, brightly coloured and morphologically distinctive species of the alpheid genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 is described based on a single female specimen collected in shallow waters of Masirah Island, Oman. Alpheus sarapis sp. nov. appears to be morphologically somewhat intermediate between the A. leviusculus Dana, 1852, A. edwardsii (Audouin, 1826) and A. paracrinitus Miers, 1881 species groups, although the presence of slight sinuses on the major chela palm suggests that it may be a derived member of either of the former two groups.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract A peculiar new species of ghost-shrimp from Bocas del Toro Archipelago on the Caribbean coast of Panama is assigned to the genus Trichocallia gen. nov. in the family Callianideidae. The holotype and presently the only known specimen of Trichocallia delicatula sp. nov. was collected with a suction pump on a silty-muddy bottom under a network of decomposing and partly overgrown mangrove roots. The new genus appears to be most closely related to Callianidea H. Milne Edwards, 1837, with two species in the Indo-West Pacific, and Paracallianidea Sakai, 1992, with two species, one in the western Atlantic and one in the eastern Pacific.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study documented the species of Leucospis Fabricius, 1775 (Hymenoptera, Leucospidae) found in Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Goiás state, and Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, Chapada Gaúcha, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Surveys were conducted using Malaise, Moericke and light traps, and sweep nets over a year, from February 2018 to May 2019. During these samplings four species of Leucospis were captured: L. claudomiroi sp. nov. Perioto and Lara (16 specimens), L. aliena Bouček, 1974 (26), L. enderleini Ashmead, 1904 (five), and L. cayennensis Westwood, 1839 (one). Leucospis aliena and L. enderleini are recorded for the first time in Goiás and Minas Gerais states, while L. cayennensis is newly recorded for Goiás.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract A new species of Hyphessobrycon is described from the region of the lower rioTapajós basin, state ofPará, and tributaries of the northern bank of the Amazon River from the rio Itapiranga basin westward to the lower rio Negro basin, states of Amazonas and Roraima, Brazil. The new species exhibits a color pattern consisting in a conspicuous single humeral blotch and a conspicuous caudal peduncle blotch, a pattern shared with several congeners. It can be diagnosed from those congeners by some other pigmentary features, and from some of them by maxillary teeth, and/or branched anal-fin rays counts, anal-fin morphology, and fin hooks arrangement in matures males.The new species is most similar morphologically to a non-congener, Hemigrammus schmardae, with which it was found syntopically at the lower rio Negro but can be distinguished from it by some color pattern features. An analysis based on the cytochrome c oxidase I gene indicates that the new species is closely related to Hyphessobrycon ericae.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract .A new species of AmericabaetisKluge, 1992 is described based on nymphs from Colombia. The new species can be recognized by: (1) frontal keel present; (2) lingua broadly pointed apically; (3) glossa 0.7× length of paraglossa; (4) apex of paraglossa with three rows of pectinate setae; (5) segment II of labial palp with a moderate distomedial projection; (6) posterior margin of abdominal terga with rounded spines. A key for the identification of the South American species of Americabaetis is presented.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Mycophagous midges of the subfamily Lestremiinae are widespread, yet their diversity in the Southern Hemisphere remains poorly understood. Six species in four genera were known to occur in South America: Anarete buscki Felt, 1915, Anaretella perfectaCarmo-Neto, Lamas & Urso-Guimarães, 2024, Insulestremia sinclairiJaschhof, 2004, Insulestremia amorimiCarmo-Neto, Lamas & Urso-Guimarães, 2021, Insulestremia amentiCarmo-Neto, Lamas & Urso-Guimarães, 2021, and Lestremia nigra Blanchard, 1852. This study consolidates recent findings on Lestremiinae in Brazil and neighboring countries, providing new faunistic records that summarizes the knowledge of their diversity. We present new records of seven species in four genera: Anarete Haliday, 1833 in Brazil, including the species A. buscki Felt, 1915 and A. johnsoni (Felt, 1908); ConaretePritchard, 1951 in Brazil and Paraguay, including C. elutaPritchard, 1951, C. texana Felt, 1912, and C. sicyoidea Li & Bu, 2002; Lestremia Macquart, 1826 in Brazil, represented by L. leucophaea Meigen, 1818; and Wasmanniella Kieffer, 1898 in Brazil and Peru. Notably, the Lestremiinae are now formally recorded for the first time in Paraguay and Peru, and Wasmanniella in the Neotropical Region. A key to the genera found in the Neotropical region is also presented.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Several patterns can occur in a community, one of which is that a few species show high dominance, which is also evident in small mammals. This group had a wide distribution in the Brazilian territory, presenting variations in richness and abundance, which may be related to seasonality, habitat structure, and changes in resource availability. The objective of this study was to characterize the small mammal community and analyze the influence of precipitation on the capture of species in the Atlantic Forest area in Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. The study area is in the municipality of Itabaiana, Parque dos Falcões, and campaigns were conducted monthly on three consecutive nights between August/2022 and July/2023. 120 Sherman traps baited on the ground and understory were used in this study. Capture effort success, and estimated richness were calculated. A simple linear regression was performed between the number of captures and monthly precipitation. Additionally, a circular analysis was carried out with the most captured species to verify uniformity distribution in the monthly capture frequency. 44 captures were made of three species of rodents and six of marsupials were made after an effort of 4,320 traps-night (1% trap success). Approximately 70% of captures were from Marmosa demerarae, Cerradomys vivoi, and Didelphis albiventris. The invasive species Rattus rattus was captured. Despite the greater number of captures in rainy months, there was no influence of precipitation on these captures. Uniformity in species capture was observed during the sampling months for M. demerarae, C. vivoi, and D. albiventris. Marmosa demerarae was most captured in the area, and is reported in literature as having a broad and opportunistic diet. The uniformity of the temporal distribution of the species may be related to the regularity of precipitation during the study period. The presence of invasive species reflects anthropization close to the sampled area, affecting native species and highlighting the vulnerability of surrounding environments.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract A new species of the pseudophasmatid stick insect genus IsagorasStål, 1875 is described based on a single male from the Atlantic Forest of Marliéria, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Isagoras peregrinus sp. nov. is one of the few micropterous species of Isagoras, from which it can be separated by morphological differences in the head, thorax and terminalia. The internal male genitalia of the new species is also illustrated and described. Furthermore, I synonymize Isagoras franciscoveraiMurcia & Cadena-Castañeda, 2023 syn. nov. under Isagoras pygmaeus (Redtenbacher, 1906), which is only known from Bogotá, Colombia.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Phytoseiidae family is considered the most important group of predatory mites, widely and effectively used in the biological control of pest mites and small insects, particularly thrips and whiteflies. This study aims to present the results of a survey of Phytoseiidae mites on wild and cultivated plants in the Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Twenty-four species across 11 genera from the three phytoseiid subfamilies were identified. The genus Amblyseius Berlese was the most diverse, comprising ten species, while Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma was the most common species, found on seven different plant species. Thirteen phytoseiid species and two genera (Phytoseiulus and Transeius) are reported here for the first time in this state.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Three new species and one new genus are described from Ecuador: Hemilissa striatothorax sp. nov. (Cerambycinae, Piezocerini); Rosalba luteomaculata sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Apomecynini); and Albasor formicosus gen. nov., sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Apomecynini). Hammatoderus thoracicus (White, 1858) (Lamiinae, Lamiini) is recorded from Ecuador for the first time. The female of Hesychotypa punctataMartins, 1979 is illustrated for the first time and a new Ecuadorian province record is reported. Additionally, notes on RosalbaThomson, 1864 and Paraesylacris Breuning, 1940 are provided.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This paper describes and illustrates a new Amazonian species of the lined flat bark beetle genus Dysmerus Casey, 1884. Dysmerus calicicornis sp. nov. is most similar to two species, D. curvicornis Thomas, 2009 and D. hamaticornis Thomas, 2009, sharing with them the male antennal scape apically flat, strongly deflected internally. The new species, however, can be easily distinguished from both by the male antennal scape caliciform in dorsal view, with a curved, tooth-like outer projection, and the presence of secondary sublateral lines on the pronotal surface. Additionally, the previous key to Dysmerus males is modified to include D. calicicornis sp. nov.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract A rare new species of skipper butterfly from the western Amazon Basin (Cuzco and Madre de Dios, Peru and Acre, Brazil) belonging to the subtribe Moncina (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) is herein described: Lento yaguar Medeiros & O. Mielke sp. nov. The new species can be easily recognized by the conspicuous yellow and black hind wing ventral pattern, that resembles the peculiar color of a jaguar’s skin. This interesting pattern is unique among Hesperiidae, and a similar pattern occurs only in a few species of Riodinidae. The presence of an unusual, modified scale patch on the male abdominal tergites III, IV, and V of L. yaguar sp. nov., is herein hypothesized as an androconial organ and represents the first record of this kind of structure on the abdominal tergum of a skipper species.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract We investigated the diet of the endemic Tropidurid lizard Tropidurus hispidus in a Caatinga (the semiarid biome in Northeastern Brazil) area of Morro do Chapéu, BA, Brazil. Lizards (n = 20) were collected and euthanized. In the laboratory, stomach contents were removed, analyzed and classified by order, excepting for plant material. We then correlated the lizards’ morphological characteristics with the number, volume (in mm3), and the prey-size of the items. All lizards contained food items in their stomachs, encompassing a mix of arthropods, plant material, and a portion of vertebrate remains. The lizard’s diet featured a significant amount of plant material, comprising 50.1% in terms of number and 45.8% volumetrically. Among the diet items, flowers (63.6%), ants (47.0%), and beetles (33.0%) were the most frequent. The diet composition was found to be similar among males and females. There was no correlation between the morphological characteristics of T. hispidus and the number, length, or volume of the ingested prey items. Our data showed that T. hispidus in the Morro do Chapéu region is omnivorous and that plant material and hymenopteran and coleopteran insects are predominant in its diet.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) houses one of Latin America’s largest, most complete, and representative collections of Neotropical mammals. Its origins can be dated back to the 1890s when it was initially established as part of the Museu Paulista. The collection’s growth is primarily attributed to the efforts of its first directors and curators. Initially, the collection expanded through the acquisition of complete specimens from various regions of Brazil, obtained via scientific expeditions led by traveling naturalists and purchases from professional collectors. The collection continues to grow predominantly through specimens gathered during environmental impact studies, fieldwork conducted by MZUSP researchers, and donations. Over the years, the collection at MZUSP has constituted an essential source of information for taxonomic and biogeographic studies of mammals. It contains approximately 66,000 specimens from 882 species, including type material of several taxa. In this article, we present a comprehensive list of the type material of extant mammals housed at MZUSP, along with comments on taxonomy and other noteworthy information regarding the specimens. A comprehensive survey was conducted on all valid and synonymous taxa-type specimens housed at the mammal collection of MZUSP. Additionally, photos of the name-bearing types are provided. A total of 257 type specimens were listed, comprising 53 name-bearing types (holotypes, syntypes, neotypes, and lectotypes) and 204 secondary types (paratypes and paralectotypes). Out of these, 37 are considered valid names. The specimens were obtained from the orders Didelphimorphia, Pilosa, Primates, Rodentia, Chiroptera, Carnivora, and Artiodactyla. This catalog provides the first comprehensive, annotated account of the mammalian type specimens at the MZUSP, highlighting the collection’s historical and scientific significance, and enhancing the accessibility and preservation of specimen data to support Neotropical mammalogy and systematic research.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Spiders are ubiquitous arachnids in all terrestrial ecosystems, and their distribution is intricately related to the microhabitat-level vegetation structure. The Brazilian Cerrado Savannah is a biome characterized by heterogeneous landscapes. However, it has had the highest deforestation rates, landscape transformation, and fire influence in recent decades. This study evaluates the diversity of spiders in different vegetation types in a core Cerrado area in the Brazilian state of Goiás. We sampled 337 specimens, 104 juveniles, and 233 adults (139 females and 94 males), representing 93 species, using different collection methods over two years. Abundance and species richness differed significantly among vegetation types. We found a richness of 125 estimated species, and the sampling effort was satisfactory, with a representativeness of 87.1%. Twenty-five species were reported for the first time in Goiás. Our results show a rich araneofauna in the sampled reserve. Therefore, public policies related to the conservation of this area should be encouraged to guarantee its preservation since it is isolated within an urban matrix with considerable industrial influence.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Central Nervous System (CNS) of fishes in Brazil represents an anatomical domain that remains largely underexplored, despite its significant potential to advance phylogenetic, ecological, and behavioral studies. This review synthesizes 25 years (1999-2024) of literature on freshwater fish brain morphology in Brazil, identifying major advancements and persistent knowledge gaps. A total of 16 studies were identified, with a pronounced focus on Siluriformes (62.5%), while other orders outside the Characiphysi clade remain poorly studied. These descriptive and comparative investigations have provided valuable systematic insights, revealed taxonomic characters, and elucidated behavioral and ecological patterns. Despite these contributions, the field faces notable methodological and conceptual challenges. The lack of standardized protocols for brain extraction and analysis hinders consistency and comparability among studies. Furthermore, advanced techniques, such as non-invasive imaging methods, remain underutilized. Critical aspects such as population-level variation in CNS morphology and its responses to environmental pressures have also been largely overlooked. This review underscores the immense potential of comparative brain anatomy to enhance our understanding of biodiversity and evolutionary adaptations in the rich Brazilian freshwater ichthyofauna.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) is one of the most significant insect collections in Brazil, encompassing a vast diversity of species. It is particularly notable for its Hymenoptera collection, considered one of the most important in the country. This catalog documents the type specimens of the family Bethylidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) deposited at INPA, comprising a total of 329 type specimens, including 55 holotypes and 274 paratypes, distributed across nine genera and 86 species. All specimen label information has been carefully compiled and is presented here alongside additional data from original descriptions and INPA records.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract One new genus and three new species of Onciderini are described from Ecuador, South America: Natasomus obliquus gen. nov., sp. nov.; Hesychotypa viator sp. nov.; and Hesychotypa mendax sp. nov. Notes on Hesychotypa cedestesDillon & Dillon, 1945 are provided.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract We here describe and illustrate a peculiar new species of Tricorythodes Ulmer (Leptohyphidae) based on a single nymph from a remote area of the Amazon biome in Colombia. The single nymph described here as T. spinosus sp. nov., presents a unique combination of characteristics: spiny tubercles on head, thorax and abdomen, elongated body and long and thin legs. Possible relations with other species in the genus are discussed.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Two new genera are established for resolving some obvious disparities in current trichomycterid classification. Salpynx is described for a monophyletic group of four species from northern shield regions of the Amazon basin, including two new ones described herein plus two others previously described: S. ephebus, new species, from Serra da Mocidade in the Rio Branco system, S. trombetensis, new species, from the Rio Trombetas drainage, S. amapaensis (previously in Ammoglanis) from the Rio Jari and surrounding basins, and S. ix (previously in Stenolicmus) from the Rio Trombetas. Species of Salpynx are opaque darkly pigmented fishes with an entirely closed skull roof (i.e., no cranial fontanels) and apomorphically diagnosed by a thick barbular bone posteriorly expanded and bilobed, and a large fenestra on the supratemporal region of the skull, anteriorly to the tunnel for the dorsal limb of the cleithrum. A second new genus, Hyaloglanis, is established for a clade of miniaturized species previously placed in Ammoglanis, namely, A. natgeorum, A. nheengatu, A. obliquus, and A. pulex. Hyaloglanis species are extremely miniaturized and highly translucent, with a single large fontanel occupying most of the skull roof and sharing an apomorphic scythe-shaped lacrimal. Salpynx and Hyaloglanis share various unusual conditions in trichomycterids, such as a reduction of the latero-sensory canal system in the skull, which anteriorly extends maximally to the sphenotic, a palatine articulating directly posteriorly with the skull and via a single articular facet, the posterolateral process of the palatine reduced and deflected laterally, lateral ethmoids mesially arched and abuting against each other only at a small area anteriorly, and a long filamentous first pectoral-fin ray. Although clear morphological evidence exists for the monophyly each of Salpynx and Hyaloglanis, difficulties remain in determining their precise phylogenetic placement. Such limitations highlight current challenges in the resolution of relationships of part of the Trichomycteridae, especially concerning Glanapteryginae (including Listrura), Potamoglanis, and Sarcoglanidinae (including Microcambeva). It seems certain, however, that neither Salpynx nor Hyaloglanis are closely related to the type species of either Ammoglanis or Stenolicmus. At the moment, morphological evidence favors them as each other’s sister group and related to Glanapteryginae (sensu lato).

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study focuses on the parasitoid wasps of the genus BephrataCameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae). Existing evidence suggests that these insects act as parasitoids of eggs of species of Tettigoniidae. Here, we describe and illustrate two new species: Bephrata manauara Perioto & Lara sp. nov. and Bephrata belissima Perioto & Lara sp. nov., as well as report new geographic records for B. leptogasterGates & Hanson, 2009 and B. noyesiGates & Hanson, 2009 based on specimens collected using modified Malaise traps set up near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Additionally, we provide an identification key for the species recorded in Brazil and a map with the geographical distribution of the studied species based on literature data and examined material. With these new records there are currently 12 species of Bephrata are known in Brazil.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The genus LucioLaporte, 1833 is comprised of 16 species distributed throughout the Neotropics and is characterized by the presence of biflabellate antennae with asymmetric lamellae. In Brazil, there are nine species whose morphology has not been further explored taxonomically since the original description, many of them short, ambiguous and without illustrations, making the species identification in the genus difficult. Here, we provide a taxonomic review of Lucio pictum (Gorham, 1880) based on the examination of the holotype and 24 adult specimens. We provide a redescription of the male, description of the female (sexual dimorphism), illustrations, distribution map with new records for South America (Brazil and Peru) and notes on the biology. Additionally, we provide photographs of the Lucio rufiventrisOlivier, 1885 and L. castelnaui (Kirsch, 1865) types.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In this study, we documented two species of BephratelloidesGirault, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) collected in Brazilian savanna areas in the state of São Paulo. Bephratelloides duguetiarum Perioto & Lara sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on specimens that emerged from the seeds of Duguetia furfuracea (St. Hil.) Benth. & Hook (Annonaceae). Bephratelloides petiolatusGrissell & Schauff, 1990 is associated with seeds of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae). The name Bephratelloides duguetiphagusChang, 1998 must be regarded as unavailable because it fails to satisfy the availability criteria of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract. Oz Grishin, 2022 was recently described based on molecular data. Hesperia saptine Godman & Salvin, 1879, type species of Lychnuchoides Godman, 1901, was included in Perichares Scudder, 1872, while Astictopterus ozias Hewitson, 1878 was transferred to Oz, along with Lychnuchoides sebastiani Salazar & Constantino, 2013. However, the latter was not included in the analysis. To provide a better diagnosis, this paper aims to revise all species of Oz. Based on a morphological study, this genus is redefined and now comprises three species: O. ozias (Hewitson, 1878), O. ozina (Evans, 1955) stat. nov. and O. sebastiani (Salazar & Constantino, 2013). A lectotype for Astictopterus ozias is designated herein.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Caatinga is a highly threatened Brazilian biome that may host numerous unknown plant mite species, as little is known about its mite fauna. Thus, our aim was to assess plant mite species from Caatinga vegetation remnants in Piauí State, Northwestern Brazil. The assessment was conducted through sampling mites in two natural vegetation remnants in the southern region of Piauí during December 2015. Species richness was estimated using the Jackknife 1 method (999 randomizations), while observed richness was calculated using the Mao-Tao method. Estimated and observed richness were compared using a species accumulation curve, set with a 95% confidence interval. In total, 177 mites belonging to nine species were sampled from the Caatinga vegetation remnants. The Iolinidae family accounted for the largest number of individuals, followed by Eriophyidae. The predator mite Pronematus sp. was the most abundant taxon in our samples followed by the phytophagous Aculus sp. (Eriophyidae) and Oligonychus sp. (Tetranychidae) The estimated richness (Jackknife 1) did not differ from the observed richness (Mao Tao). Furthermore, Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon) (Phytoseiidae) was recorded for the first time in the state of Piauí. This is the first scientific work to report mite species on plants from remnants of native vegetation exclusively in Piauí State, Brazil.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In southeastern Brazil, the state of São Paulo hosts more than 40% of the country’s bird diversity. Despite detailed documentation of its birdlife since the late 19th century, new species are still being recorded, and more than ten years have passed since the last comprehensive list was published. In this context, we reviewed all available ornithological records for the state and present an updated checklist here. A total of 890 valid or potentially valid forms has been recorded, including 864 species, with 860 supported by evidence and 76 new additions since the previous list. We highlight the importance of conserving the remaining native vegetation in São Paulo, considering the high number of bird species that are threatened or already extinct in the state and the ongoing human pressures they face. Additionally, we discuss the distribution, conservation status, and misidentifications or invalid records related to the state.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study characterized the population dynamics, morphometric traits, and condition status of a red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) population inhabiting a high-Andean artificial aquatic ecosystem in Colombia. Specimens were collected during two distinct climatic seasons rainy and dry and were subsequently assessed through measurements, weighing, and sex determination. The average density of individuals was significantly greater during the rainy season (10.05 individuals/m²) compared to the dry season (1.6 individuals/m²). The sex ratios exhibited seasonal variation, with a ratio of 1:1.6 in the rainy season and 1:2.5 in the dry season. Females, on average, displayed larger body dimensions, whereas males exhibited larger chelae, indicating the presence of sexual dimorphism. Growth patterns were predominantly positively allometric; however, this trend varied by sex and season, with negative allometry observed during the rainy season and positive allometry during the dry season. The condition factor ranged from 1 to 1.05, suggesting optimal development relative to findings from other studies. The stability of the population within the ecosystem appears to be influenced by low intraspecific competition, abundant resource availability, and anthropogenic factors, such as thermal modifications to the ecosystem. These environmental alterations create favorable conditions for P. clarkii, thereby enhancing its invasive potential and biological fitness. The results indicate that the population is well-established, which may facilitate its expansion and invasion into other regions.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Chile is characterized by high levels of endemism among its flora and fauna, yet its diverse gall-inducing organisms remain poorly studied. We describe Dasineura peumi sp. nov., a new gall-inducing midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) associated with Peumus boldus Molina (Monimiaceae), an economically significant medicinal plant native to Chile’s sclerophyllous forests. This species induces solitary or clustered fusiform galls on the stems, each housing a single larva. Morphological and phenological analyses were conducted on samples collected in the Bíobío Region of Chile in 2021 and 2022. Morphological studies revealed key diagnostic traits: antennae with 18 flagellomeres in both sexes, tarsal claws with a prominent basal tooth, as long as the empodia, and a band-like male tergite 8. The ovipositor measures 1.0-1.10 mm, approximately four times the length of the seventh tergite. Pupae are characterized by long vertical setae, very short antennal horns, a complete arrangement of facial papillae, digitiform prothoracic spiracles, and spines absent from the abdomen. Larvae possess a long spatula with two anterior teeth and an anchor-like base, a complete arrangement of lateral papillae, and eight short, uniform terminal papillae. This species has a multivoltine life cycle, with development independent of the host plant’s phenology.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract We describe a new genus, Atlantopteryx gen. nov., containing two new species, Atlantopteryx parva gen. et sp. nov. and Atlantopteryx scotina gen. et sp. nov., from the states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on males, females, and eggs. The distinctive features of this new genus are described and illustrated, as well as its internal male genitalia. The new genus is most similar to Urucumania Zompro, 2004, but can easily be distinguished from it by the lack of tegmina, the reticulate venation of the remigium area of the alae, and the small, discrete poculum of the male terminalia. The two new species are likely restricted and endemic to the extreme north of the Serra do Mar mountain range, in the Atlantic Forest. Furthermore, we present a brief discussion on the relationship of the new genus with other Pseudophasmatinae.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Spatial autocorrelation reflects the non-independence of observation sites due to their physical proximity. Evaluating this factor in a sampling design is essential to avoid pseudoreplication. Drosophilidae sampling, often conducted using banana and yeast traps for taxonomic surveys or ecological analyses, enables data comparison across various studies in different locations and seasons. However, the potential autocorrelation of sampling units due to trap spacing has seldom been tested, despite the widespread use of this methodology. In this study, we assessed the effects of spatial autocorrelation on Drosophilidae sampled using banana-baited traps placed 30 m and 60 m apart in forest and pasture settings during both dry and rainy seasons. The randomized accumulation curve indicated that the rainy season has a higher species richness, and traps spaced 60 m apart capture a broader species range. Species compositions were analyzed using Similarity Analysis (ANOSIM) with Jaccard and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indexes. Distinct Drosophilidae compositions were observed across different phytophysiognomies and seasons. In evaluating species composition using 30 m and 60 m spacing across various areas and seasons, there is a tendency to sample similar assemblages, but with different dominances. No autocorrelation was detected in the Mantel test with the Jaccard index. These results suggest maintaining a minimum distance of 30 m between traps in taxonomic surveys and ecological studies of Drosophilidae.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Thaumastus teixeirensissp. nov. is a newly discovered species found exclusively within archaeological shell mounds (sambaquis) located on Teixeira Island in Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil. This species is primarily distinguished by its small size and short, conical spire, along with a blunt, axially striated protoconch. Notably, its complete absence in surrounding habitats suggests that the species is currently extinct.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 comprises approximately 1,150 species and has great diversity in the Neotropical Region. The species in the subgenus Forcipomyia (Microhelea) Kieffer, 1917 are commonly found as ectoparasites of stick insects (Phasmatodea) and caterpillars (Lepidoptera). The Ixodoides species-group includes species that are ectoparasites of Phasmatodea and Orthoptera. During a field expedition to the Reserva Biológica União, Casimiro de Abreu (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), we collected a female of Forcipomyia (Microhelea) ectoparasitizing a nymph of Cladoxerus Le Peletier and Audinet-Serville, 1828 (Phasmatidae, Phasmatodea). Forcipomyia (Microhelea) naruto sp. nov. is described and distinguished from related species by characteristics of the mouthparts (especially the maxilla and labellum), legs, and abdomen. This is the second species of the Ixodoides species-group recorded for the state of Rio de Janeiro, and the first for the study area. A distribution map for the Ixodoides species-group in Rio de Janeiro is provided.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Taxonomic studies of the genus Trichogramma have advanced since the 1970s, mainly due to the use of reliable morphological characters, based on male genital capsule, for species identification. Here, we discus the Trichogramma species that actually occur in South America, and also the dubious or erroneous records of species, which should not be considered present in the South American countries. We found that 70 species are recorded in South America, of which 46 correspond to correctly identified species and 24 are dubious or erroneous species records. Most of the species (44) belong to the subgenus Trichogramma, and only two species to the subgenus Vanlisus. In the first part, we listed the 46 species of Trichogramma, focusing on taxonomic information, including type material, type locality, insect hosts, and geographical distribution, based on bibliographic references, to confirm if the species was correctly identified. Thus, we gathered information scattered throughout the literature on taxonomic studies, including descriptions, identification keys, checklists, morphological, morphometric and molecular studies. In the second part, we discussed dubious and erroneous records of 24 species of Trichogramma in South America based on extensive literature review, taking into account that the identification of Trichogramma species was clarified in the 1970s. There are no voucher specimens available to verify the identification of the introduced species in South America. Nevertheless, based on extensive literature review, it was possible to reliably confirm whether a species was misidentified or not established in a South American country. Although these records of Trichogramma species are clearly dubious or erroneous, they have been cataloged and discussed in several publications. To avoid incorrect records, an introduced species should be considered present in a country only after releases and field recoveries. Among the introduced species in South America, only T. pintoi Voegelé was established in Peru.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Botucatu Cuesta region in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, harbors exceptional avian diversity, with 363 species recorded across just two localities - the Lageado (LEF) and the Edgárdia (EEF) Experimental Farms - representing nearly half of São Paulo’s avifauna. Our study builds upon historical inventories, documenting 32 new species for LEF (bringing the total to 265) and 84 for EEF (now totaling 351). These additions include boreal migrants, such as the Veery Catharus fuscescens, and Atlantic Forest endemics with distributions rarely extending inland, such as the Grey-hooded Attila Attila rufus. Notably, 92% of historically recorded species persist since the 1970s, with losses primarily attributed to wetland degradation (e.g., Rosy-billed Pochard Netta peposaca) and forest-dependent taxa (e.g., Spot-breasted Antvireo Dysithamnus stictothorax). Aquatic species, including the Limpkin Aramus guarauna and Anhinga Anhinga anhinga, have declined due to land-use changes, while others, such as the Spotted Rail Pardirallus maculatus, require further investigation given their likely local rarity. We underscore the urgent need for habitat restoration, particularly wetland management - potentially including the reintroduction of historical rice cultivation - to reestablish suitable habitats for lost species. The Cuesta’s avifauna highlights its conservation priority, yet targeted strategies are essential to counter threats from agricultural expansion and hydrological alterations. This study establishes a critical baseline for future monitoring and emphasizes the region’s pivotal role in conserving Neotropical bird diversity at the Atlantic Forest-Cerrado transition.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Brazilian arnica Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae), a plant traditionally used in ethnopharmacology for trauma treatment, is widely distributed across South America, including all regions of Brazil. This study aimed to identify and characterize gall-inducing insects associated with fused S. chilensis flowers. Flower branches were collected twice in March 2023 from Paraná, Brazil. The branches were dried and examined under a stereomicroscope, with galls subjected to micro-computed tomography (µCT). In the second collection, fresh branches were examined for the morphological characterization of floral heads. Galled flowers were removed and divided into three groups: 1) placed in an emergence chamber to obtain adults, 2) dissected to extract larvae and pupae, and 3) fixed in ethanol for µCT analysis. Macroscopic examination revealed two flower types for S. chilensis: hermaphroditic disc flowers (fused or non-fused) and ray flowers (ligulate). The gall-inducing insect was identified as Asphondylia paranaensis sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new species, and was described and illustrated based on its larval, pupal, male, female, and gall morphologies. The µCT provided novel insights into the pupal stage, and exuvia within the flower. This study highlights the importance of identifying new species, particularly medicinal plants, because gall-inducing insects may alter a plant’s metabolism and chemical composition, potentially influencing its biological properties. Further studies are required to assess the ecological and pharmacological effects of these interactions.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Pisphondylia rodriguese,sp. nov. is proposed based on specimens from the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional (MNRJ), mounted on microscope slides and identified as Pisphondylia sp. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Male, female, pupa and larva of 3rd instar are described. The most relevant morphological characters are illustrated. The new species induces galls on the flower peduncle of Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae), a native plant to Brazil. The type-locality is Ilha da Marambaia (Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro State). The new species is compared with others of the same genus.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Seabirds across all the seas and oceans of the planet interact with human activities and, as a result, approximately 30% of all species are in decline and threatened with extinction. The knowledge of the composition of seabird communities in both breeding and non-breeding ranges is necessary to guide appropriate conservation measures according to its status. Fisheries, oil and natural gas exploration, offshore wind farms, among other activities, require regulation and legal frameworks to protect seabirds and other organisms in this environment. The state of São Paulo already hosts numerous such activities within its territorial waters and has its own environmental protection legislation (including a list of threatened fauna species), requiring impacts on threatened species are evaluated. The present study compiles all available information on seabirds in São Paulo and update its species list based on data obtained from literature reviews, museum specimens, band recovery records, and citizen-science platforms. São Paulo has a total of 68 recorded seabird species, including the recently recognized Oceanites chilensis and the sole Brazilian records of Pterodroma externa and Pachyptila turtur. Most (50 species) are migratory, with 14 species from the Northern Hemisphere and 36 from the Southern Hemisphere. Only 18 species are resident in Brazil, of which six breed along the São Paulo coast. Among the recorded species, 24 (35%) are listed as threatened with extinction by the IUCN, MMA and/or SMA lists. Notably, three (50%) of the six resident breeding species in São Paulo are threatened. Most of the new records came from beached birds, particularly through the Beach Monitoring Program (PMP). Unfortunately, this program forwards few of the collected specimens, including rare and unprecedented records for São Paulo’s avifauna, to scientific collections. Based on the available studies on São Paulo’s seabirds, even basic data on breeding biology, home range, and diet of even the commonest coastal, and resident species is virtually nonexistent. Similarly, knowledge regarding trends in population and occupancy of breeding sites is scarce, with only outdated data available from studies carried between 1997 and 2005. Further studies and monitoring programs on the breeding areas of these resident species are necessary to fill these knowledge gaps and provide updated scientific information to support effective conservation measures.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract After 97 years without records, Hiperantha fontainieri Théry, 1928 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is rediscovered. The species is redescribed and illustrated using three specimens from the Department of Bolívar, a new geographical record for Colombia. An identification key for the Colombian species of Hiperantha Gistel, 1834 is included, along with new departmental records for Colombia of the following buprestids species: Conognatha (Conognatha) iris (Olivier, 1790), Hiperantha testacea haemorrhoa Fairmaire, 1851, Hiperantha interrogationis interrogationis (Klug, 1825), Conognatha (Pithiscus) lebasii (Mannerheim, 1837), Dismorpha linearis (Linnaeus, 1758), Melanophila atra Gory, 1841 and Lampetis (Spinthoptera) principalis (Laporte & Gory, 1836).

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract. Lycosa praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836 is reported for the first time from the Republic of Kosovo, three specimens collected allow some discussion and illustration of ontogenetic colour change in this taxon.