Effect of Equivalent Stimulus Class Formation and Facilitation Procedures on the Emergence of Analogy

Marcelino, Madeleine Reinert; Arantes, Ana; Elias, Nassim Chamel

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Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa

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Ciências do Comportamento • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 36 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3621 copy

Effect of Equivalent Stimulus Class Formation and Facilitation Procedures on the Emergence of Analogy

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The goals were to verify the effects of the formation of equivalent stimulus classes and two facilitation procedures on the emergence of analogy responses and to compare the results obtained in the analogy tests according to the facilitation procedure and the provision of instruction. Participants were 30 undergraduate students. AB and AC relations were taught with abstract pictures, then symmetry, transitivity, and analogy relations were tested. Participants who did not show these relations were exposed to the facilitation procedures. Twelve participants responded by analogy before the facilitation procedure, five of eight (62%) after Facilitation 1 and three of ten (33%) after Facilitation 2. Of the seven participants exposed to the instruction, six responded by analogy. Class formation was not enough for the emergence of analogy responses, and some participants might have responded to the Analogy Test under the control of only some aspects of the stimulus pairs.

Keywords:
stimulus equivalence; analogical reasoning; facilitation procedure; instructions

	Classes
Conjuntos	1	2	3
A
B
C
D
X

Condição	Estímulos	Número de tentativas	Critério*
Teste de Analogia	Pares dos conjuntos A, B e C	18 (9 Eq-Eq e 9 NEq-NEq)	<= 60%
Ensino das Relações AB	A1B1, A2B2, A3B3	9	>= 80%
Ensino das Relações AC	A1C1, A2C2, A3C3	9	>= 80%
Ensino das Relações AB/AC intercaladas	A1B1, A2B2, A3B3, A1C1, A2C2, A3C3	9	>= 80%
Teste de Analogia	Pares dos conjuntos A, B e C	18 (9 Eq-Eq e 9 NEq-NEq)	< 80%
Teste das Relações BA	B1A1, B2A2, B3A3	9	>= 90%
Teste das Relações CA	C1A1, C2A2, C3A3	9	>= 90%
Teste das Relações BC	B1C1, B2C2, B3C3	9	>= 90%
Teste das Relações CB	C1B1, C2B2, C3B3	9	>= 90%
Teste de Analogia	Pares dos conjuntos A, B e C	18 (9 Eq-Eq e 9 NEq-NEq)	< 80%
Ensino com Procedimento de Facilitação	Pares dos conjuntos A, B, C e D e estímulos do conjunto X	18	< 80%
Teste de Analogia	Pares dos conjuntos A, B e C	18 (9 Eq-Eq e 9 NEq-NEq)	< 80%
Instrução + Teste de Analogia	Pares dos conjuntos A, B e C	18 (9 Eq-Eq e 9 NEq-NEq)	-

Tentativa	Estímulo			Tipo
Tentativa	Modelo	Comparações*		Tipo
1.	A3B2	B1C1	C2B3	NEq-NEq
2.	C3A3	B2C2	A2B1	Eq-Eq
3.	B3C3	C2B2	A3C1	Eq-Eq
4.	A1B3	B1C1	C3B2	NEq-NEq
5.	A1C1	B2C2	A2B3	Eq-Eq
6.	C2A2	C3B1	C1A1	Eq-Eq
7.	B1C3	A1C1	B3A2	NEq-NEq
8.	A3B1	B3C1	B2C2	NEq-NEq
9.	B2A2	B1C2	B3A3	Eq-Eq
10.	A2C2	B2C3	A3B3	Eq-Eq
11.	C3A2	C2A1	C1B1	NEq-NEq
12.	B2A3	A2C2	B3A1	NEq-NEq
13.	B1A1	C3B3	C1B2	Eq-Eq
14.	C1B1	A2B2	A1C3	Eq-Eq
15.	B1A3	B3C3	B2A1	NEq-NEq
16.	A2C1	C2A3	A1B1	NEq-NEq
17.	C3A1	A2B2	C1A3	NEq-NEq
18.	A3C3	B1C1	A1C2	Eq-Eq

Participante	Relações							Facilitação	Total
Participante	AB	AC	ABAC	BA	CA	BC	CB	Facilitação	Total
P12	27	18	12	---	---	---	---	---	57
P24	45	18	12	---	---	---	---	---	75
P2	18	9	12	9	9	9	9	---	75
P16	18	9	12	9	9	9	9	---	75
P17	18	9	12	9	9	9	9	12	87
P28	27	18	12	9	9	9	9	---	93
P3	18	18	12	9	9	9	9	12	96
P6	18	18	24	9	9	9	9	12	108
P11	18	27	12	18	9	9	9	12	114
P8	45	18	12	9	9	9	9	12	123
P27	27	27	24	18	18	18	18	---	150
P4	18	18	36	18	18	18	18	12	156
P30	27	36	24	18	18	18	18	---	159
P19	27	27	24	18	18	18	18	12	162
P29	45	9	12	9	9	9	9	60	162
P13	45	27	24	18	18	18	18	---	168
P26	36	45	24	18	18	18	18	---	177
P23	36	36	24	18	18	18	18	12	180
P25	36	36	24	18	18	18	18	12	180
P10	36	18	60	18	18	18	18	12	198
P1	27	27	48	18	18	18	18	36	210
P15	63	27	24	18	18	18	18	24	210
P14	27	36	36	18	18	27	18	36	216
P7	54	36	48	18	18	18	18	12	222
P18	63	27	24	18	18	18	18	48	234
P9	36	18	36	36	36	36	36	12	246
P20	45	54	36	27	27	27	27	12	255
P22	45	54	36	27	27	27	27	12	255
P21	45	54	36	27	27	27	27	36	279
P5	108	36	36	27	27	27	27	36	324
Média	37	27	26	17	16	17	16	17	169

Participante	Teste de Analogia
	1	2	3	4	5
	% acertos Eq-Eq / % acertos NEq-NEq
P1	0/67	44/33	22/44	33/56	---
P2	67/56	44/67	100/100	---	---
P3	56/67	33/44	89/67	100/100	---
P4	56/33	67/33	67/56	100/100	---
P5	44/44	67/78	44/67	11/67	67/100
P6	56 / 33	56/67	11/56	22/56	100/100
P7	56/44	44/67	33/56	44/56	100/100
P8	44/33	11/56	22/56	11/56	78/89
P9	56/56	22/44	67/22	78/89	100/100
P10	78/56	67/56	22/56	22/33	---
P11	44/11	56/78	89/100	100/100	---
P12	44/56	89/100	---	---	---
P13	78/44	44/44	78/89	---	---
P14	33/33	33/67	33/44	89/100	---
P15	33/67	33/44	22/56	89/100	---
P16	56/11	100/56	100/89	---	---
P17	33/67	44/78	78/67	89/89	---
P18	56/44	56/56	33/67	56/56	78/44
P19	56/33	44/56	78/67	67/89	89/89
P20	67/56	22/44	56/67	78/100	---
P21	44/78	44/33	22/78	44/78	100/100
P22	11/67	33/78	56/67	89/100	---
P23	44/33	44/33	89/89	100/100	---
P24	33/33	89/89	89/100	---	---
P25	89/44	44/44	78/89	100/100	---
P26	67/22	33/33	78/89	---	---
P27	67/44	44/67	100/67	---	---
P28	67/33	44/56	100/89	---	---
P29	67/67	33/67	33/44	33/67	89/100
P30	67/56	56/56	100/89	---	---

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