Habilidade social e a teoria dos campos

FÓRUM

Habilidade social e a teoria dos campos

Neil Fligstein

University of California – Berkeley

RESUMO

O problema da relação entre os atores e as estruturas sociais onde eles estão imersos é fundamental para a teoria sociológica. Este artigo sugere que o foco "neo-institucionalista" sobre os campos, domínios ou jogos proporciona uma visão alternativa para se pensar sobre esse problema com ênfase na construção de ordens locais. Este artigo critica o conceito de atores tanto na escolha racional quanto nas versões sociológicas dessas teorias. É desenvolvida, aqui, uma visão mais sociológica da ação, chamada de "habilidade social". A idéia de habilidade social se origina do interacionismo simbólico e é definida como a habilidade de induzir a cooperação dos outros. Essa idéia é elaborada para sugerir o quanto os atores são importantes na construção e na reprodução de ordens locais. Proponho mostrar como seus elementos já informam o trabalho existente. Ao final, demonstro como a idéia pode sensibilizar os acadêmicos para o papel dos atores no trabalho empírico.

Palavras-chave: Habilidade social, teoria dos campos, imersão social, neo-institucionalismo, relação ator–estrutura.

ABSTRACT

The problem of the relationship between actors and the social structures in which they are embedded is central to sociological theory. This paper suggests that the "new institutionalist" focus on fi elds, domains, or games provides an alternative view of how to think about this problem by focusing on the construction of local orders. This paper criticizes the conception of actors in both rational choice and sociological versions of these theories. A more sociological view of action, what is called "social skill", is developed. The idea of social skill originates in symbolic interactionism and is defi ned as the ability to induce cooperation in others. This idea is elaborated to suggest how actors are important to the construction and reproduction of local orders. I show how its elements already inform existing work. Finally, I show how the idea can sensitize scholars to the role of actors in empirical work.

Key words: Social skills, theory of fi elds, embeddedness, new institutionalist, relationship actor–structure.

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Aprovado em 20.02.2007.

Neil Fligstein

Professor do Departamento de Sociologia da University of California – Berkeley.

Interesses de pesquisas nas áreas de sociologia econômica, organizações e sociologia política.

E-mail: [e-mail]

Endereço: Department of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley – California, 94720, USA.

Artigo convidado.

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  01 Ago 2011
• Data do Fascículo
  Jun 2007