Experiences in adolescence are of major importance in building patterns of behavior, including in the adult phase. Drawing from socialization theory and studies on materialism, this study aims to investigate the formation of materialistic behavior among adolescents, researching the antecedent variables of this behavior. In order to do that, a theoretical framework, based on two important research streams - socialization theory and socio-familiar structure -, was developed and tested through two surveys, the first one with 460 adolescents and the second with 190 just-adults. The model was tested by the statistical technique of Confirmatory Factorial Analysis with structural equations. The findings of the first study bring a significant impact of the following variables in the materialistic behavior among adolescents: 1. level of interaction with their parents; 2. level of contact with their peers; 3. level of contact with television; 4. gender; 5. family income; and 6. situation of their parents. Female teenagers, with divorced parents, high family income, higher contact with their peers and with television indicated higher degree of materialism; while those adolescents with higher interaction with their parents presented lower degree of materialism. Comparing these findings with those from the second study - composed by just-adults -, we observe that the influence of gender, income and, mainly, television on the materialistic behavior has decreased significantly. On the other hand, the impact of the situation of the parents in the adolescence is still high and the influence of the level of interaction with their friends during teenager years increased. Overall, the results support the impact of socialization during adolescence in the formation of materialism and the influence of the interaction with peers on the sample composed by adolescents as well as by individuals in the beginning of their adult phase. Regarding television, the impact is more immediate, being restricted to materialistic behaviors during adolescence. The separation of parents, gender, and familiar income also exert relevant influence. There was no difference in levels of materialism between the two samples. A qualitative study with 11 adolescents was carried out to sediment findings, in which the group influence was salient.
Socialization; Adolescents; Materialism; Socio-familiar structure; Behavior
